OBJECTIVE: To provide the experience and demonstration for the transformation of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques standards from Chinese national standards to international standards. METHODS: Questionnaire research, literature research, semi-structured interviews and expert consultation were used. RESULTS: The safety of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques was evaluated through literature research, and based on the results of the questionnaire survey, expert interviews, and expert consultation, 11 main bodies and structure of the former Chinese national standard, Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: General Rules for Drafting, were adjusted and optimized in accordance with the requirements of international standard (including the language, normative references, purpose, scope, applicable environment, target population, work team, terms and definitions, general principles and basic requirements, structural elements and text structure, and compilation process); and the first international standard, World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societis (WFAS) Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: General Rules for Drafting was formulated to specify the general rules for drafting. CONCLUSION The 3 key questions, "international compatibility", "technical operability" and "safety" should be solved technically on the basis of explicit international requirements. It is the core technical issue during transforming the national standards of technical benchmark of acupuncture and moxibustion into international standards.
Moxibustion/methods* ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Humans ; Translational Research, Biomedical/standards* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; China ; Benchmarking/standards*

Objective:To analyze the occupational health monitoring data of workers in Zhoushan City, and provide scientific basis for health monitoring and the formulation of occupational disease prevention measures.Methods:From January 2016 to November 2019, the occupational health examination data of 37826 workers in Zhoushan City were collected to analyze the change trend of the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases and occupational contraindications, and to compare the health monitoring status of workers with different social characteristics such as enterprise scale and economic type.Results:From 2016 to 2019, the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases showed a downward trend (χ 2trend=21.09, P<0.05) . The occupational health examination of on-the-job workers in Zhoushan were mainly small enterprises (59.72%, 22591/37826) , private economic enterprises (65.32%, 24707/37826) , male (82.03%, 31028/37826) , 30-49 years old (59.11%, 22359/37826) , and exposed to noise (67.06%, 25365/37826) . The detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases were higher in micro enterprise, male, over 60 years old, exposed to occupational hazards for more than 49 months, and exposed to chemical and physical hazards at the same time. The detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases were significantly different among different enterprise scale, economic type, gender, age and occupational hazard factors ( P<0.05) . Among benzene workers with occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases, the detection rate of A/G abnormality in female workers was higher than that in male workers ( P=0.04) , and there was no significant difference in other genders ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:It is necessary to pay more attention to the workers working in small and private enterprises in Zhoushan City, strengthen the occupational health supervision of male workers who are over 60 years old who are exposed to benzene, noise and other occupational hazards, standardize the occupational health inspection, and effectively protect the health of the occupational population.

Objective:To analyze the occupational health monitoring data of workers in Zhoushan City, and provide scientific basis for health monitoring and the formulation of occupational disease prevention measures.Methods:From January 2016 to November 2019, the occupational health examination data of 37826 workers in Zhoushan City were collected to analyze the change trend of the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases and occupational contraindications, and to compare the health monitoring status of workers with different social characteristics such as enterprise scale and economic type.Results:From 2016 to 2019, the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases showed a downward trend (χ 2trend=21.09, P<0.05) . The occupational health examination of on-the-job workers in Zhoushan were mainly small enterprises (59.72%, 22591/37826) , private economic enterprises (65.32%, 24707/37826) , male (82.03%, 31028/37826) , 30-49 years old (59.11%, 22359/37826) , and exposed to noise (67.06%, 25365/37826) . The detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases were higher in micro enterprise, male, over 60 years old, exposed to occupational hazards for more than 49 months, and exposed to chemical and physical hazards at the same time. The detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases were significantly different among different enterprise scale, economic type, gender, age and occupational hazard factors ( P<0.05) . Among benzene workers with occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases, the detection rate of A/G abnormality in female workers was higher than that in male workers ( P=0.04) , and there was no significant difference in other genders ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:It is necessary to pay more attention to the workers working in small and private enterprises in Zhoushan City, strengthen the occupational health supervision of male workers who are over 60 years old who are exposed to benzene, noise and other occupational hazards, standardize the occupational health inspection, and effectively protect the health of the occupational population.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy difference between fire acupuncture with centro-square needles (FACSN) and filiform needling (FN) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

METHODSSeventy-two patients were randomly assigned into an FACSN group and an FN group, 36 cases in each one.points, Xuehai (SP 10), Liangqiu (ST 34), Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) were selected in the two groups. The FACSN group was treated with FACSN, and three acupoints were selected for each treatment; the FN group was treated with FN, and all the acupoints were selected for each treatment. The cupping treatment was given after acupuncture in the two groups. The treatment was given once every other day, without treatment on Sundays. The treatment was given three times a week, 6 times as one course; totally 2 courses were provided. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) were observed in the two groups before treatment, two weeks, four weeks into treatment and at one-month follow-up visit. In addition, the comprehensive efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared before treatment, the score of VAS and the total score of WOMAC were improved in the two groups at each time point after treatment (all<0.01); the scores of VAS at each time point after treatment in FACSN group were lower than those in the FN group (all<0.05); four weeks into treatment and at one-month follow-up visit, the total score of WOMAC in the FACSN group was lower than that in the FN group (both<0.05). Two weeks into treatment, the total effective rate was 88.9% (32/36) in the FACSN group, which was higher than 61.1% (22/36) in the FN group (<0.01); four weeks into treatment and at one-month follow-up visit, the cured and remarkable effective rates were 66.7% (24/36) and 83.3% (30/36) in the FACSN group, which were higher than 41.7% (15/36) and 44.4% (16/36) in the FN group (<0.05,<0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSFire acupuncture with centro-square needles has relatively high cured and remarkable effective rate for KOA, with rapid onset; as for pain relief, the efficacy is superior to filiform needling.

Acupuncture has been applied in 183 countries and regions and gradually become a name card as TCM spreads across the world. The international influence of which plays a significant role in enhancing TCM development. The laws and regulations of TCM acupuncture along One-Belt-One-Road countries were compared and analyzed in this article. With comprehensive research and analysis, the international development strategy of acupuncture was rationally proposed. Combined with the historical background of China's national initiative One-Belt-One-Road, the acupuncture was taken as a breakthrough to lead the global spreading of TCM culture and Chinese herbs, so as to enhance China's soft strength, which could further create a fine cultural environment for the economic prosperity of One-Belt-One-Road countries. In addition, the strategy selection for China regarding TCM acupuncture development along One-Belt-One-Road countries was proposed, and the suggestive solution and implementation strategy for the essential missions and significant issues were provided.

The development and compilation of Evidence-based Guidelines of Clinical Practice with Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Adult Bronchial Asthma are introduced from three aspects, named the guideline methodology, the guideline structure and the guideline content. Based on the acupuncture-moxibustion practice and clinical research, the evidence-based medicine method is adopted. During the development and compilation of the guideline, the characteristics and advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion are specially considered in the treatment of this disease; the latest optimum evidences at home and abroad, experts' experience and patients' value are closely integrated with each other. Additionally, the worldwide accepted assessments of evidence quality and the recommendation (GRADE system) are combined with the clinical evidences of the ancient and modern famous acupuncture-moxibustion experts, and the clinical research evidences are with the experts' consensus to the large extent. The purpose of the guideline is to provide the maximal guidance to the clinical physicians.
Asthma ; therapy ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; standards ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Reference Books

) was updated in 2014 on the basis of the version 2011. Inof the updated version, the evidence quality grade and GRADE were adopted for the evidence evaluation and recommendation grading in methodology, and the clinical feasibility was stressed. In text, the recognition of modern medicine was updated, the sta-ging treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion was emphasized, the inclusive articles were expanded and the important indexes of efficacy evaluation were increased and highlighted. The paper aims to provide the instruction for the application ofof the version 2014.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impacts on physical and mental health of the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treated with electroacupuncture (EA) or Diane 35.

METHODSSeventy-two patients of PCOS were randomized into an acupuncture group and a western medication group, 36 cases in each group. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to relieving liver stagnation and regulatingactivity at Ganshu (BL 18), Danzhong (CV 17), Qimen (LR 14), Zhongwan (CV 4), Tianshu (ST 25), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3). Afterarrival, the electric stimulation was added for 30 min. Acupuncture treatment was given 3 times a week. In the western medication group, Diane 35 was taken since the 5th day of menstruation and lasted for 21 days. The cycle of treatment was 3 months in the two groups. Before treatment and at the end of treatment, the symptom scores were evaluated and the self-report symptom inventory, symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) was used for the mental health evaluation and the comparison was made between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with those before treatment in the same group, the symptom scores were reduced significantly after treatment in the two groups (both<0.01). After treatment, the symptom scores in the acupuncture group were reduced significantly as compared with those in the western medicationgroup (<0.01). After treatment, the scores of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety and hostility were reduced significantly as compared with those before treatment in the acupuncture group (all<0.05). After treatment, the scores of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility and phobic factor were lower significantly than those in the western medication group (all<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEA with relieving liver stagnation and regulatingactivity reduces the symptom scores of PCOS and SCL-90 scores, acting on regulating both physical and mental conditions. The effects achieved with acupuncture are better than those with Diane 35.

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze rules for acupoint selection and prescription composition in clinical literature regarding acupuncture for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

METHODSCHKD, VIP and Wan-fang databases were retrieved. The clinical literature data included in the study was collected. The descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the main acupoints, main meridians of main acupoints, distribution of main acupoints, application of special points and rules for acupoint composition.

RESULTSFifty-two articles were included, involving 55 main acupoints with a total frequency of 375. The most frequent acupoints of acupuncture for PCOS were Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Zhongji (CV 3) and Qihai (CV 6). The meridians of main acupoitns were conception vessel, spleen meridian of foot-taiyin and stomach meridian of foot-yangming. The main acupoints were distributed in the lower abdomen, lower limbs and back. In the special points, the use of front-mu points, five-shu points and back-shu points was more frequent. The prescription was usually consisted of 5 to 7 acupoints, (6. 9 ± 3. 6) acupoints in average.

CONCLUSIONIn the modern treatment of acupuncture for PCOS, Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Zhongii (CV 3) and Qihai (CV 6) are most used. With the theories of meridian and zang-fu as essential references, the acupoint selection is based on disease differentiation and meridian circulation. Additionally, the methods for selecting the adjacent points and the distant points are adopted.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Meridians ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; therapy

OBJECTIVEBy using questionnaire method to understand the evaluation regarding cost-effectiveness of acupuncture for migraine in both doctors and patients.

METHODSBy using questionnaire method, questionnaires for doctors and patients were made respectively; by using network platform, two sets of questionnaires were publicly released, which were filled in online. The results were real-time background collected and then analyzed.

RESULTSTotally 696 effective questionnaires for patients and 114 questionnaires for doctors were collected. The results indicated that (1)the direct cost (including treatment fee and material fee) for preventive treatment of migraine was 109 yuan per time in regular acupuncture, 152 yuan per time in regular acupuncture + electroacupuncture (EA) and 238 yuan per time in acupoint catgut embedding. The travelling expense was 42 yuan per time within the city and 193 yuan per time between cities. The indirect cost included cost for loss of working time (208 yuan per time), cost for treatment time (acupoint catgut embedding: 10 to 30 min per time, once one to three weeks; the remaining two treatments: 20 to 50 min per time, once to 5 times every week), time cost for arriving and departing hospital (1 to 3 hours per time within the city and 4 hours per time between cities). From the angle of treatment course, acupoint catgut embedding reduced the treatment frequency, leading to a lower total cost. (2)A mong the reasons to select different acupuncture methods to treat migraine, the results of patient questionnaire indicated that the focus in the patients who selected acupoint catgut embedding was different from that in the patients who selected two other treatments. The main advantage of acupoint catgut embedding was superior and lasting efficacy with low cost. The results of doctor questionnaire indicated the main reason to select acupoint catgut embedding was "lasting efficacy after single treatment" (87. 5%) and "lower frequency of treatment" (75. 0%). (3) The main reason to obstruct the popularization of acupoint catgut embedding was this method was not widely known.

CONCLUSIONThe acupoint catgut embedding is one ideal preventive treatment for migraine, which has higher cost-effectiveness, however, currently it is not widely applied. In future advertisement and training program should be strengthened to perform targeted popularization of acupoint catgut embedding for migraine.

Acupuncture Therapy ; economics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Migraine Disorders ; economics ; psychology ; therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult