Saponins associated with Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy across multiple diseases. However, certain high-yield saponins face limited clinical applications due to their reduced pharmacological efficacy. This study synthesized and evaluated 36 saponin-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of ginsenosides Rg1/Rb1 and notoginsenoside R1 for anti-adipogenesis activity in vitro. The research revealed that the ginsenosides Rg1-1,2,3-triazole derivative a17 demonstrates superior adipogenesis inhibitory effects. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) analysis indicates that incorporating an amidyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole into the saponin side chain via Click reaction enhances anti-adipogenesis activity. Additionally, several other derivatives exhibit general adipogenesis inhibition. Compound a17 demonstrated enhanced potency compared to the parent ginsenoside Rg1. Mechanistic investigations revealed that a17 exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of adipogenesis in vitro, accompanied by decreased expression of preadipocytes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) adipogenesis regulators. These findings establish the ginsenoside Rg1-1,2,3-triazole derivative a17 as a promising adipocyte differentiation inhibitor and potential therapeutic agent for obesity and associated metabolic disorders. This research provides a foundation for developing effective therapeutic approaches for various metabolic syndromes.
Adipogenesis/drug effects* ; Triazoles/chemical synthesis* ; Ginsenosides/chemical synthesis* ; Saponins/chemical synthesis* ; Animals ; Mice ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; PPAR gamma/genetics* ; 3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes/metabolism* ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Drug Design ; Molecular Structure ; Humans ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/genetics*

Objective To explore the effects of home-based exercise rehabilitation on cardiac structure, valvular function, and exercise capacity in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods 49 patients with severe AS who underwent TAVR at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from January 2024 to February 2025 were enrolled. They were divided into an exercise group (n＝25) or a non-exercise group (n＝24) based on participating or not in home-based rehabilitation after TAVR. The exercise group received 12 weeks of home-based exercise training (aerobic exercise plus resistance training every week); the non-exercise group received routine care. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was used to assess cardiac structural parameters before discharge (T0) and after 12 weeks of exercise (T1). Functional outcomes including the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were compared between the two groups. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the effect of home-based rehabilitation on echocardiographic parameters. Patients were stratified by baseline 6MWT (＜240 m as low-function subgroup, ≥240 m as high-function subgroup) to compare exercise-related outcomes between subgroups. Results At T1, the exercise group had a longer 6MWT distance than the non-exercise group (P＝0.012). The linear mixed-effects model showed that after 12 weeks of exercise, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) decreased in the exercise group but slightly increased in the non-exercise group, with a significant difference in changes over time between the two groups (P_interaction＝0.030). The exercise group also showed greater improvement in effective orifice area index (P_interaction＝0.028) and effective orifice area (P_interaction＝0.042) than the non-exercise group. Subgroup analysis revealed that in the low-function subgroup, the exercise group showed greater improvement in the 6MWT (P_interaction＝0.035) and the effective orifice area index (P_interaction＝0.046) compared to the non-exercise group; in the high-function subgroup, the exercise group showed greater improvement only in LVEDD compared to the non-exercise group (P_interaction＝0.046). Conclusions Home-based exercise rehabilitation improves exercise capacity, optimizes left ventricular remodeling, and enhances valvular function in patients with severe AS after TAVR, with greater benefits observed in patients with lower baseline 6MWT.

Objective:To assess the prevalence of exercise addiction among college students and explore its relationship with negative emotion and exercise frequency.Methods:A total of 837 college students were enrolled from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. The cross-sectional survey was administered using the exercise dependence scale revised(EDS-R) and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale 21 items (DASS-21). Data analysis was conducted with SPSS 26.0 software, including partial correlation analysis and hierarchical regression.Results:Among college students, the students in the group with risk and symptoms of exercise addiction accounted for 4.9%(EDS-R score (110.32±11.51), DASS-21-depression score 21.00(10.50, 25.00), DASS-21-anxiety score 21.00(11.50, 24.00), DASS-21-stress score 42.00(22.00, 47.50)). The students in the group without risk but with symptoms accounted for 42.53%(EDS-R score (60.02±12.91), DASS-21-depression score 8.00(1.00, 14.00), DASS-21-anxiety score 8.00(3.00, 14.00), DASS-21-stress score 15.00(4.00, 28.00)), and the students in the group without risk and symptoms accounted for 52.57%(EDS-R score (31.57±7.51), DASS-21-depression score 8.00(5.00, 12.00), DASS-21-anxiety score 7.00(3.00, 10.00), DASS-21-stress score 15.00(6.00, 21.00)). Exercise addiction scores were positively correlated with stress ( r=0.303, P<0.001), anxiety ( r=0.327, P<0.001), and depression ( r=0.259, P<0.001). The results of the hierarchical regression analysis also showed that the main risk variables were anxiety (△ R2=0.175, F=60.954) and exercise frequency (△ R2=0.044, F=21.401). Additionally, male college students had a higher risk of exercise addiction than female( P<0.01), but there was no gender difference in negative emotions( P>0.05). Conclusion:The college students were susceptible to developing an exercise addiction, especially among individuals with high exercise frequency and anxiety symptoms.It provides robust behavioral evidence in support of early detection and treatment of high-risk exercise addiction groups.

【Objective】 To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of blood transfusion in patients undergoing hepatectomy with hydatid hepatica, so as to provide perioperative blood security of these patients. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 hydatid hepatica patients who underwent hepatectomy from June 2011 to June 2021, and they were divided into the transfusion group (n=15) and the non-transfusion group (n=25). The difference in basic information, operative information, blood routine, coagulation function, biochemical parameters and thromboelastogram between the two groups were compared, and the characteristics of perioperative blood transfusion were analyzed. 【Results】 Fifteen(37.5%, 15/40) patients undergoing hepatectomy received blood transfusion, among which 2(5%, 5/40), 10(25%, 10/40) and 11(27.5%, 11/40) received preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative transfusion, respectively. The average transfusion of suspended red blood cells, plasma and cryoprecipitate were 4.77 U, 1 355 mL and 11.9 U respectively, without any adverse reactions of blood transfusion occurred. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, the number of patients with tumor diameter ≥10 cm/ diameter <10 cm, the number of patients with cholecystectomy, postoperative PT, postoperative APTT and average hospital stay in the transfusion group were higher than those in the non-transfusion group(P<0.05), and the postoperative FIB was lower than those in the non-transfusion group(P<0.05). The blood test results showed that the WBC, AST, ALT and INR 24h after operation were significantly higher than those before operation (P<0.05), while RBC, Hb, ALP, FIB and Angle were significantly lower than those before operation(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in WBC, RBC, Hb, ALT, ALP and INR between preoperative and postoperative 3~5 days(P<0.05). The differences of WBC, AST, ALT and FIB 3~5 days after surgery were statistically significant compared with 24 hours after surgery(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The size of hepatic hydatid mass, cholecystectomy, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, postoperative PT, postoperative APTT and postoperative FIB were important factors affecting perioperative blood transfusion after hepatectomy, and the main transfusion components were plasma and cryoprecipitate.

The coexistence of multiple symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has caused serious distress to patients. Symptom management based on the premise of grasping the general situation of symptoms becomes the responsibility of the nursing staff. However, the development and use of symptom assessment tools for AIDS populations at China and abroad have not been effectively sorted out and clarified. This article summarizes and analyzes this situation in related fields, aiming to provide reference and basis for future research.

Objective To analyze the current status and clinical characteristics of urinary incontinence in 138 elderly female inpatients so as to provide thoughts and directions for management and intervention implemented by medical institutions for urinary incontinence people. Methods Cross-sectional investigation was used in this study. From August 2018 to November 2018, this study selected elderly female inpatients at a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Beijing by cluster sampling. The primary screening was carried out with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICI-Q-SF) and urinary incontinence knowledge scale. This study analyzed the clinical characteristics and urinary incontinence knowledge in elderly female inpatients with urinary incontinence. Results Among 1105 elderly female inpatients ≥ 60 years old, there were 138 of them with urinary incontinence accounting for 12.5％. Among 138 elderly female inpatients with urinary incontinence, the ages were (74.37±8.49) ranged from 60 to 99; the score of urinary incontinence assessment was (7.09±4.59) from 1 to 21; patients with the mild or moderate level of urinary incontinence occupied 90.6％ (125/138);87.0％ (120/138) of patients were with basic diseases interacted with urinary incontinence. There was a statistical difference in the self-perception influence of the urinary incontinence on life among patients with different conditions (P < 0.05). There were statistical differences in the urinary incontinence knowledge among patients with different education levels (P< 0.01). Conclusions In China, it still faces severe problem of urinary incontinence in elderly female inpatients. Basis diseases of some patients interact with urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence medical problems should be explored with the scientific, standardized and effective methods because of the bottleneck that public lack knowledge.

Objective:To explore the effects of family-centered continuous follow-up nursing in neonate delivery among acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) families.Methods:This study adopted the historical control clinical trial design, and randomly selected 60 neonate with preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mother-to-child transmission and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in Department of Pediatrics of Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University as subjects from January 2015 to December 2017. A total of 30 neonate from January 2015 to June 2016 were in control group, and 30 neonate from July 2016 to December 2017 were in observation group. Control group carried out the routine outpatient follow-up nursing, while observation group implemented the family-centered follow-up nursing. This study compared the success rate and compliance of preventing mother-to-child transmission, nutritional indicators as well as incidence of malnutrition between two groups.Results:The head circumference, height and arm circumference of infants aged 18 months in observation group were better than those in control group with statistical differences ( P<0.05) ; but there was no statistical difference in the weight ( P>0.05) . The success rates of preventing mother-to-child transmission between two groups were all 100%. The compliance with preventing mother-to-child transmission of observation group was higher than that of control group with a statistical difference ( P<0.05) ; rates of missed further consultation and readmission of observation group was lower than those of control group with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . The block therapy knowledge of guardians of observation group was better than those of control group with statistical difference ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Family-centered continuous follow-up nursing can effectively improve the compliance with preventing mother-to-child transmission of infants, reduce rates of missed further consultation and readmission, promote the growth of infants and healthy development of nutritional status.

In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, lifestyle changes, and the advancement of medical examination methods, the detection rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased year by year, and it has become one of the important chronic liver diseases that seriously threaten human health worldwide. By far, there has been no ideal and effective treatment for NAFLD. Successful lifestyle intervention is unanimously recognized by experts at home and abroad as the most effective way to change the outcome of the disease. Although many scholars at home and abroad have explored different aspects of diet and exercise for patients with NAFLD in the past two decades, there are still no effective strategies or programs that can be used for reference. Therefore, this study organizes and summarizes relevant articles in recent years, and aims to provide a reference and basis for the future prevention and control of fatty liver and health management in China.

Objective: To study and analyze the effect of applying the knowledge, attitude/belief, and practice (KAP) nursing mode in caring for patients who receive fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods : A total of 112 patients who received orthodontic treatment were selected as study subjects. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 56 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional oral care, while those in the observation group were treated with the KAP nursing mode. The patients’ awareness of the disease, treatment compliance, and orthodontic complications were compared between the two groups. Results : After treatment with the KAP nursing mode, the disease cognition score was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Patient compliance was better in the observation group than in the control group throughout the treatment. Patients in the observation group were more able to return to the hospital on time than those in the control group. The orthodontic plaque index (OPI) of patients in the observation group decreased during the treatment. The OPI of patients in the observation group was significantly lower than that of patients in the control group at 6 months (t=2.344) and 12 months (t=3.721) after the start of the treatment (P < 0.05), and the incidence of orthodontic complications in the observation group was 7.1% (4/56), significantly lower than that in the control group (26.9% (15/56); χ2=9.728, P < 0.05). Conclusion Application of the KAP nursing mode can effectively reduce the incidence of complications in patients with fixed orthodontics, improve the oral health of patients, and positively affect orthodontic treatment.

Objective? By investigating the current situation of medical staff, this paper preliminarily analyzed the problems existing in the construction of blood-borne occupational exposure protection system and safety culture, and provided theoretical basis for the establishment of an efficient and feasible protection system in medical institutions in China in the future. Methods? This study was designed for cross-sectional study. A total of 514 staff from different levels of medical institutions and different occupations were selected by convenience sampling from March 2017 to February 2018. A self-made cognitive questionnaire on blood-borne occupational exposure system and safety culture in medical institutions was used to conduct a questionnaire survey, and the results were analyzed. Results? 80%-90% of the respondents have a certain grasp of blood-borne occupational exposure. Respondents who did not achieve standard prevention eventually had occupational exposure of 90.35%(103/114), while those who could achieve standard prevention at work only had 57.50% (230/400). The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in standard prevention awareness rate, occupational exposure and post-treatment methods of sharp instrument injuries among staff with different professional titles (P＜ 0.05). There were significant differences in occupational exposure and post-treatment of sharp instrument injuries among staff with different working years (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions? Different levels of medical institutions have made progress in process establishment, protective equipment allocation and related knowledge training, but also reflected the different levels of occupational exposure problems. More ideas and enlightenments were put forward for how to further reduce the incidence of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical institutions staff and improve their coping ability in the future.