Radiopharmaceuticals operate by combining radionuclides with carriers. The radiation energy emitted by radionuclides is utilized to selectively irradiate diseased tissues while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. In comparison to external beam radiation therapy, radionuclide drugs demonstrate research potential due to their biological targeting capabilities and reduced normal tissue toxicity. This article reviews the applications and research progress of radiopharmaceuticals in cancer treatment. Several key radionuclides are examined, including ²²³Ra, ⁹⁰Y, Lutetium-177 (¹⁷⁷Lu), ²¹²Pb, and Actinium-225 (²²⁵Ac). It also explores the current development trends of radiopharmaceuticals, encompassing the introduction of novel radionuclides, advancements in imaging technologies, integrated diagnosis and treatment approaches, and equipment-medication combinations. We review the progress in the development of new treatments, such as neutron capture therapy, proton therapy, and heavy ion therapy. Furthermore, we examine the challenges and breakthroughs associated with the clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals and provide recommendations for the research and development of novel radionuclide drugs.
Humans ; Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use* ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Radioisotopes/therapeutic use* ; Animals

The overall health condition of patients significantly affects the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of endodontic diseases.A systemic consideration of the patient's overall health along with oral conditions holds the utmost importance in determining the necessity and feasibility of endodontic therapy,as well as selecting appropriate therapeutic approaches.This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by specialists from endodontics and clinical physicians across the nation based on the current clinical evidence,aiming to provide general guidance on clinical procedures,improve patient safety and enhance clinical outcomes of endodontic therapy in patients with compromised overall health.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; China ; Endometriosis/pathology* ; Female ; Humans

Objective To compare the clinical diagnostic value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in breast cancer.Methods Ultrasound and MRI were performed in patients with breast disease.The postoperative pathological examination results were seemed as diagnostic criteria.The diagnostic accuracy was analyzed in two kinds of imaging examination.Results The diagnostic accuracy of MRI in breast cancer(86.9％) was significantly higher than the accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis(39.3％),the sensitivity and specificity of MRI were significantly higher than those in ultrasonic diagnosis,the rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis rate of MRI were lower than those of ultrasonic diagnosis,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =6.583,12.573,4.892,23.175,8.649,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound and MRI have high ability in diagnosis of breast cancer.MRI diagnostic efficacy has more advantages,but the ultrasound is convenient to operate and repeate inspection,can be used in screening.