Objective To propose a lightweight end-to-end neural network model for automated Korotkoff sound phase recognition and subsequent blood pressure (BP) measurement, aiming to improve measurement accuracy and population adaptability. Methods We developed a streamlined architecture integrating depthwise separable convolution (DSConv), multi-head attention (MHA), and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU). The model directly processes Korotkoff sound time-series signals to identify auscultatory phases. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were determined using phase Ⅰ and phaseⅤdetections, respectively. Given the clinical relevance of phase Ⅳ for specific populations (e.g., children and pregnant women, denoted as DBPⅣ), BP values from this phase were also recorded.Results The study enrolled 106 volunteers with 70 males and 36 females at mean age of (40.0±12.0) years. The model achieved 94.25% phase recognition accuracy. Measurement errors were (0.1±2.5) mm Hg (SBP), (0.9±3.4) mm Hg (DBPⅣ), and (0.8±2.6) mm Hg (DBP). Conclusion Our method enables precise phase recognition and BP measurement, demonstrating potential for developing population-adaptive blood pressure monitoring systems.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between 24 hour activity behaviors and fine motor development in preschool children, and to simulate the effects of reallocating time among different activity behaviors on fine motor development using isotemporal substitution analysis. Methods: From March to July 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 447 preschool children aged 3-6 years (254 boys and 193 girls) from Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province. The 24 hour activity behaviors in preschool children were measured using ActiGraph wGT3-BT accelerometers and subjective sleep reports. Fine motor development was assessed using the Gesell Developmental Schedules. A component linear regression model was employed to analyze the impact of 24 hour activity behaviors on the development of fine motor activities, and the potential effects of adjusting activity behaviors were simulated through an isochoric substitution model. Results: The daily durations of sedentary behavior (SB) was ( 572.92 ±102.96) min (accounting for 39.79% of 24 h), the duration of light physical activity (LPA) was (131.21± 38.11 ) min ( 9.11% ), the duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was (65.61±22.21) min (4.56%), and sleep duration was (670.65±57.58) min (46.82%). Sleep composition was positively associated with fine motor development ( β =2.74), while MVPA ( β =-0.84) and SB ( β =-1.93) compositions were negatively associated with fine motor development (all P <0.01). Isochoric substitution analysis showed that sleep had positive effects on the development of fine motor skills when replacing other activity behaviors (all P < 0.05), with the substitution effect for MVPA being the most significant and gradually increasing with the duration of substitution (60 min: β =28.66); sleep replacement of SB and LPA also showed positive effects (60 min: β =4.25, 2.00) (all P < 0.05). On the contrary, the substitution of sleep with MVPA showed negative effects (60 min: β =-7.86), and the substitution of LPA and SB with MVPA also showed negative effects (60 min: β =-5.65, -3.40) (all P <0.05). Conclusions The overall composition of 24 hour activity behaviors is associated with fine motor development in preschool children, with sleep playing a crucial role. Ensuring adequate sleep and optimizing the structure of activity behaviors may effectively promote the development of fine motor skills in preschool children.

ObjectiveTo analyze the pharmacodynamic activity of Bupleuri Radix processed with Trionyx sinensis blood in the treatment of Yin deficiency and study the spectrum-effect relationship of this medicine. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography was employed to establish the fingerprints of 15 batches of Bupleuri Radix processed with Trionyx sinensis blood， and the similarity was evaluated according to the SOP of Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （version 2012）. A mouse model of Yin deficiency induced by thyroxine was established. The relationship between the active components and the effect on Yin deficiency was explored by grey correlation analysis and partial least squares method based on the changes in the serum levels of triiodothyronine （T3）， thyroxine （T4）， cyclic adenosine phosphate （cAMP）， and cyclic guanosine phosphate （cGMP）. The components screened out based on the spectrum-effect relationship were used for retrieval of the targets from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Database （TCMSP）， The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine （ETCM）， and Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCMIP）. Furthermore， the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， GeneCards， TTD， DisGeNET， and Drugbank were employed to establish the active component-target against Yin deficiency network of Bupleuri Radix processed with Trionyx sinensis blood. Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses were carried out for the core targets. Real-time PCR was conducted to verify the predicted key pathways and mechanisms. ResultsThe fingerprints of the 15 batches of Bupleuri Radix processed with Trionyx sinensis blood showed the similarities of 0.976-0.999 with the control fingerprint. Compared with the model group， the drug administration group showed elevated levels of T3 and T4 and lowered levels of cAMP， cGMP and cAMP/cGMP. The results of grey correlation analysis showed that active components in terms of the correlations followed the trend of saikosaponin B₁ > saikosaponin B₂ > saikosaponin C > saikosaponin D > saikosaponin A. The partial least squares analysis showed that saikosaponins A， D， B₁， and B₂ had higher VIP values. Network pharmacology predicted a total of 30 common targets， which were enriched in 276 GO terns and 115 KEGG pathways. The results of Real-time PCR showed that the model group had lower mRNA levels of Caspase-9， kinase insert domain receptor （KDR）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） and higher mRNA level of mouse double minute 2 homolog （MDM2） than the blank group and the drug administration group. ConclusionBupleuri Radix processed with Trionyx sinensis blood has therapeutic effect on Yin deficiency syndrome， which provides a new idea for studying Bupleuri Radix processed with Trionyx sinensis blood.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, cancer relapse remains a significant challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we engineered nanobody-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells targeting cadherin 17 (CDH17) for the treatment of GI tumors. In addition, to enhance the efficacy of CAR-NK cells, we also incorporated CV1, a CD47-SIRPα axis inhibitor, to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of this combination. We found that CDH17-CAR-NK cells effectively eliminated GI cancers cells in a CDH17-dependent manner. CDH17-CAR-NK cells also exhibit potent in vivo anti-tumor effects in cancer cell-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Additionally, the anti-tumor activity of CDH17-CAR-NK cells is synergistically enhanced by CD47-signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) axis inhibitor CV1, likely through augmented macrophages activation and an increase in M1-phenotype macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Collectively, our findings suggest that CDH17-targeting CAR-NK cells are a promising strategy for GI cancers. The combination of CDH17-CAR-NK cells with CV1 emerges as a potential combinatorial approach to overcome the limitations of CAR-NK therapy. Further investigations are warranted to speed up the clinical translation of these findings.

ObjectiveBased on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， to evaluate the establishment of a mouse model of liver Yin deficiency by thyroid tablet suspension combined with 10% carbon tetrachloride（CCl₄） from the perspective of non-targeted metabolomics， in order to lay the foundation for the establishment of a traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome model. MethodA total of 24 mice were randomly divided into blank group and model group. The model group was given thyroid tablet suspension（0.003 2 g·kg^-1） by gavage for 14 consecutive days， and 10% CCl₄（5 mL·kg^-1） was intraperitoneally injected once a week to establish a liver Yin deficiency model， while the blank group was injected with an equal amount of olive oil intraperitoneally and gavaged with an equal amount of distilled water， and was fed with normal feed. After the modeling was completed， 6 mice in each group were randomly selected， the levels of alanine aminotransferase（ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase（AST）， cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP）， cyclic guanosine monophosphate（cGMP）， interleukin（IL）-6， IL-10， tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）were measured in the mice serum， and malondialdehyde（MDA）， superoxide dismutase（SOD）， total protein（TP）， hydroxyproline（HYP） and other indicators were measured in the mice liver. Liver tissue sections were taken for hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining and observing pathological changes. The remaining 6 mice in each group were subjected to UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen differential metabolites in the liver Yin deficiency mouse model， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） database was used to analyze the corresponding metabolic pathways of differential metabolites. ResultCompared with the blank group， mice in the model group showed liver Yin deficiency manifestations such as reduced body weight， fatigue and sleepiness， disheveled and lusterless hair， irritability. The levels of ALT， cAMP/cGMP， IL-6， AST， MDA， cAMP， TNF-α significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the levels of SOD， IL-10 and cGMP significantly decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the changes of HYP and TP were not statistically significant. Hepatic steatosis and distortion of the radial arrangement of the liver plate cells were seen in the section images of the model group， endogenous substances were clearly separated， and 252 differential metabolites were identified in the serum samples， which were mainly involved in the metabolic pathways of purine metabolism， steroid hormone biosynthesis and pyrimidine metabolism. A total of 229 differential metabolites were identified in the liver samples， mainly involving nucleotide metabolism， purine metabolism， steroid hormone biosynthesis， pyrimidine metabolism， antifolate resistance， insulin resistance， primary bile acid biosynthesis， prostate cancer， sulfur relay system， arachidonic acid metabolism and other metabolic pathways. ConclusionThe successful establishment of liver Yin deficiency model in mice by CCl₄ combined with thyroid hormone is evaluated through the investigation of serum and liver metabolomics， combined with biochemical indicators， which provides a biological basis and experimental foundation for the Yin deficiency syndrome model of TCM.

Objective:To analyze the clinical presentations and diagnostic and treatment process of one patient with autoimmune encephalitis(AE)with double positive anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)and anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor(GABABR)secondary to herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSVE),and to improve the clinicians'awareness of this disease.Methods:The clinical data of one AE patient with double positive anti-NMDAR and anti-GABABR secondary to HSVE were collected,the diagnostic and therapeutic processes were summarized,and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results:The patient,a 36-year-old male,developed a headache followed by limb convulsions,and progressed to disturbed consciousness.After admission,the routine biochemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)was abnormal,and the herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1)IgG antibody showed positive in the CSF;both CSF and serum tests for NMDAR antibodies were positive;the head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)results showed abnormal signals in the right occipital white matter,leading to the diagnosis of HSVE secondary to anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Several months later,the patient experienced psychiatric behavior abnormalities,cognitive dysfunction,and sleep disorders,and both the serum NMDAR and GABABR antibodies showed positive results,prompting the diagnosis of HSVE secondary anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-GABABR encephalitis.After treatment with steroid pulse therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG),the patient's condition was improved and the patient was discharged.At one-year follow-up,the patient's psychiatric symptoms had completely resolved,leaving mild cognitive impairment.Conclusion:If the clinical symptoms of the patients recovering from antiviral treatment for HSVE is worsened,secondary AE should be highly suspected;it is important to complete autoimmunity antibody testing as soon as possible for the early diagnosis and treatment to improve the prognosis of the patient.

Objective To investigate the determinants of linezolid-associated neurological adverse reactions in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and develop a risk prediction model for such adverse events.Methods A prospective cohort study design was employed to select 120 patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis who received a chemotherapy regimen containing linezolid at Guangzhou Chest Hospital from April 2023 to January 2024 as the study population.Clinical data,adverse reactions,and plasma concentration of linezolid were collected during fasting and at 2 hours post-medication.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to identify factors influencing linezolid-related neurological adverse reactions.Furthermore,a prediction model for such adverse reactions was developed,and its predictive efficacy and calibration ability were evaluated using ROC analysis.Results Re-treatment(OR=2.540,P=0.028),coexistence of cavities(OR=4.092,P=0.021),anemia(OR=10.921,P=0.005),and Cmin≥0.7665 mg/L(OR=6.813,P<0.001)are independent risk factors for the occurrence of linezolid-related neurological adverse reactions.The prediction model,based on these four factors,exhibits an AUC of 0.851(95%CI:0.774～0.929),accompanied by a Youden index of 0.590,a sensi-tivity of 66.7%,and a specificity of 92.3%.Moreover,the prediction model demonstrates excellent calibration ability.(Hosmer-lemeshow χ2=8.719,P=0.273).Conclusion In MDR/RR-TB patients,the presence of cavita-tion,retreatment,and anemia may confer a heightened risk of linezolid-related neurological adverse reactions.A risk prediction model incorporating these four indicators demonstrates significant predictive value for the occurrence of such adverse events.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of lactate/albumin ratio(LAR),interleukin-6(IL-6)and CD4+T lymphocyte count in 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis.Methods A total of 73 patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis admitted to the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit(RICU)of Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2022 to June 2023 were enrolled and divided into the survival group(n=43)and the death group(n=30)according to their 28-day outcomes.The clinical data of the patients were collected from their electronic medical records,including age,gender,comorbidities with hypertension,diabetes,and coronary artery heart disease(CHD),as well as sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)score,mean arterial pressure(MAP),confusion,uremia,respiratory rate,blood pressure,age ≥65 years(CURB-65)score,total bilirubin(Tbil),serum creatinine(Scr),platelet count(PLT),white blood cell(WBC)count,procalcitonin(PCT),and C-reactive protein(CRP)at admission to RICU.On the 1st,3rd,and 7th day after admission to RICU,the patients'arterial blood was drawn,and the lactate level was detected by a fully automated blood gas analyzer.The peripheral venous blood was drawn,and the serum albumin and IL-6 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the CD4+T lymphocyte subset count was measured by flow cytometry.The LAR of patients on the 1st,3rd and 7th day was calculated.The clinical data of the patients and the LAR,IL-6 level and CD4+T lymphocyte count on the 1st,3rd,and 7th day were compared between the two groups.The influencing factors of 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis were analyzed by logistic regression,and the predictive value of each influencing factor on the 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results There was no significant difference in gender,age,proportions of comorbidities with hypertension,diabetes and CHD,length of stay in RICU,and Tbil,MAP,PLT,Scr,WBC,PCT and CRP at admission to RICU(P＞0.05).The APACHE Ⅱ and CURB-65 scores of the patients in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group(P＜0.05).On the 1st,3rd and 7th day,the CD4+T lymphocyte count in the death group was significantly lower than that in the survival group,while the SOFA score was significantly higher than that in the survival group(P＜0.05).On the first day,there was no significant difference in the LAR and IL-6 level be-tween the death group and the survival group(P＞0.05).However,on the 3rd and 7th day,the LAR and IL-6 level in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group(P＜0.05).The LAR,IL-6 level and SOFA score on the 3rd and 7th day in the survival group were significantly lower than those on the 1st day,and these indicators on the 7th day were sig-nificantly lower than those on the 3rd day(P＜0.05);the CD4+T lymphocyte count on the 3rd and 7th day was significantly higher than that on the 1st day(P＜0.05),while it showed no significant difference on the 7th and 3r day(P＞0.05).The IL-6 level on the 7th day in the death group was significantly lower than that on the 1st and 3rd day(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in IL-6 level on the 1st day compared with the 3r day(P＞0.05);moreover,there was no significant difference in LAR,CD4+T lymphocyte count and SOFA score between each time point(P＞0.05).Pearson correlation analy-sis showed that on the 3rd day,the LAR and IL-6 level were significantly positively correlated with the SOFA score in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis(r=0.385,0.394;P＜0.05).On the 7th day,the LAR and IL-6 level were also significantly positively correlated with the SOFA score(r=0.418,0.402;P＜0.05).On the 3 rd and 7 th day,CD4+T lymphocyte count was significantly negatively correlated with the SOFA score(r=-0.451,-0.454;P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the APACHE Ⅱ score,LAR,IL-6 level and CD4+T lymphocyte count on the 3rd day,and the IL-6 level and CD4+T lym-phocyte count on the 7th day were the influencing factors for 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis(P＜0.05).The ROC curve showed that the APACHE Ⅱ score,LAR,IL-6 level and CD4+T lymphocyte count on the 3rd day and the combination of the three,IL-6 level and CD4+T lymphocyte count on the 7th day and the combination of the two had certain predictive value for the 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis(P＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of LAR,IL-6 level and CD4+T lymphocyte count on the 3rd day combined to predict 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis was 0.891,and the AUC of APACHE Ⅱ score for predicting 28-day mortality in pa-tients with severe pneumonia and sepsis was 0.769.The AUC values of LAR,IL-6 level and CD4+T lymphocyte count on the 3rd day for predicting 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis were 0.795,0.757 and 0.770,respective-ly,and the AUC values of IL-6 level and CD4+T lymphocyte count on the 7th day and their combination for predicting 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis were 0.743,0.802 and 0.888,respectively.Conclusion The 3-day LAR,IL-6 level and CD4+T lymphocyte count,and the 7-day IL-6 level and CD4+T lymphocyte count after admission are re-lated to the 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis.The combined LAR,IL-6 level and CD4+T lympho-cyte count on the 3rd day can better assess the severity and prognosis of patients.

Objective To explore the differences in MRI signs between traumatic and non-traumatic rotator cuff tears and their correlation with the degree of rotator cuff tears.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and MRI man-ifestations of 82 patients in the trauma group and 80 patients in the non-trauma group with rotator cuff tears confirmed by arthroscopy.MRI indicators included 10 parameters:the degree of rotator cuff tear,tendon kinking-sign,tendon retraction,muscle edema,fatty degeneration,muscle atrophy,long head of the biceps tendon injury,acromion type,acromio-humeral distance(AHD),and lateral acro-mion angle(LAA).The clinical data and MRI indicators of the two groups were compared,and the correlation between MRI indica-tors and the degree of rotator cuff tears was analyzed.Results There were no significant difference in age and gender between the trauma group and the non-trauma group(P＞0.05),but the onset time of symptoms was significantly shorter in the trauma group compared to the non-trauma group(30 d vs 135 d,P＜0.001).Muscle edema,tendon kinking-sign,and long head of the biceps tendon injury were more common in the trauma group(P＜0.05),while fatty degeneration and type Ⅲ acromion were more common in the non-trauma group.The average AHD was smaller in the non-trauma group compared to the trauma group(P＜0.001).In addition,type Ⅲ acromion was more commonly seen in full-thickness rotator cuff tears,and AHD value was negatively correlated with the degree of rotator cuff tears(P＜0.05).Conclusion Muscle edema,tendon kinking-sign,and long head of the biceps tendon injury on MRI are highly suggestive of traumatic rotator cuff tears,while fatty degeneration,type Ⅲ acromion and smaller AHD indicate non-traumatic rotator cuff tears.Type Ⅲ acromion and decreased AHD increase the risk of full-thickness rotator cuff tears.