Objective To explore the value of intensity ratio(IR)of lesion to non-tumor liver parenchyma on contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)Kupffer phase for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(IHC)/metastatic liver carcinoma.Methods Totally 54 patients with HCC(HCC group),30 with IHC and 51 with liver metastatic carcinoma(non-HCC group)diagnosed by pathology were retrospectively enrolled.Quantitative parameters derived from CEUS time-intensity curves,including peak intensity(PI),time to peak(TTP),wash-in area under the curve(WiAUC),wash-out area under the curve(WoAUC),wash-in and wash-out area under the curve(WiWoAUC)of lesion in vascular phase and IR of lesion to non-tumor liver parenchyma in Kupffer phase were compared between groups,and a combined diagnostic model was established based on parameters being significantly different between groups using binary logistic regression analysis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted,and the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of each CEUS parameter alone and the combined model for differentiating HCC and IHC/liver metastatic carcinoma.Results In HCC group,PI,WoAUC and WiWoAUC were all higher(all P＜0.001),while IR was significantly lower than those in non-HCC group(P＜0.001).The AUC of PI,WoAUC,WiWoAUC and IR for differentiating HCC and IHC/metastatic liver carcinoma was 0.673,0.741,0.738 and 0.736,respectively,all lower than that of combined model(0.862,all P＜0.05).Conclusion IR of lesion to non-tumor liver parenchyma on CEUS Kupffer phase could be used to differentiate HCC and IHC/metastatic liver carcinoma.Combining with quantitative parameters on CEUS vascular phase could improve differentiating efficiency.

Objective To explore the value of intensity ratio(IR)of lesion to non-tumor liver parenchyma on contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)Kupffer phase for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(IHC)/metastatic liver carcinoma.Methods Totally 54 patients with HCC(HCC group),30 with IHC and 51 with liver metastatic carcinoma(non-HCC group)diagnosed by pathology were retrospectively enrolled.Quantitative parameters derived from CEUS time-intensity curves,including peak intensity(PI),time to peak(TTP),wash-in area under the curve(WiAUC),wash-out area under the curve(WoAUC),wash-in and wash-out area under the curve(WiWoAUC)of lesion in vascular phase and IR of lesion to non-tumor liver parenchyma in Kupffer phase were compared between groups,and a combined diagnostic model was established based on parameters being significantly different between groups using binary logistic regression analysis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted,and the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of each CEUS parameter alone and the combined model for differentiating HCC and IHC/liver metastatic carcinoma.Results In HCC group,PI,WoAUC and WiWoAUC were all higher(all P＜0.001),while IR was significantly lower than those in non-HCC group(P＜0.001).The AUC of PI,WoAUC,WiWoAUC and IR for differentiating HCC and IHC/metastatic liver carcinoma was 0.673,0.741,0.738 and 0.736,respectively,all lower than that of combined model(0.862,all P＜0.05).Conclusion IR of lesion to non-tumor liver parenchyma on CEUS Kupffer phase could be used to differentiate HCC and IHC/metastatic liver carcinoma.Combining with quantitative parameters on CEUS vascular phase could improve differentiating efficiency.

Bladder cancer(BC) ranks the first of genitourinary tumor in China and is one of the most common urological malignancies, in which 25%-30% of patients were diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Radical cystectomy combined with pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard procedure for treatment, which can effectively avoid tumor recurrence or distant metastasis as well as improve the prognosis of patients. However, some patients may not tolerate or refuse to undergo radical bladder surgery due to worry about high complication rate, high morbidity and poor postoperative quality of life. With the increasing understanding of bladder cancer heterogeneity and biological behavior, the treatment of bladder cancer has changed from a surgery-based treatment model to an individualized and comprehensive treatment model by multidisciplinary collaboration. The bladder-preserving treatment can achieve the same oncological prognosis as that of radical bladder surgery with a better quality of life of the patients, which has become a hot topic and focus of research in muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment. This article reviewed the progress of research related to the comprehensive treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with preservation of the bladder.

Objective:To study the effects of diphenhydramine and caffeine compound on motion sickness.Methods:Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups with ten rats in each group, namely, blank control group, model control group, diphenhydramine group (2.25 mg/kg), compound (diphenhydramine and caffeine) low-dose group [(1.13+ 2.70) mg/kg], compound medium-dose group [(2.25+ 5.40) mg/kg], and compound high-dose group [(4.50+ 10.80) mg/kg]. The mental states of rats were observed. The motion sickness (MS) scores and saccharin water intake were evaluated. Thirty Beagle dogs were randomly divided into five groups with six dogs in each group, namely, model control group, diphenhydramine group (0.67 mg/kg), compound (diphenhydramine and caffeine) low-dose group [(0.33+ 0.80) mg/kg], compound medium-dose group [(0.67+ 1.60) mg/kg], and compound high-dose group [(1.34+ 3.20) mg/kg]. The latent periods of salivation and vomiting after rotational stimulation were observed and recorded.Results:The rats in the compound medium-dose group and the compound high-dose group did not manifest somnolence while the rats in other groups receiving diphenhydramine did. After rotational stimulation, the MS scores of the rats in the model group were higher than those of the rats in the compound groups, and the MS scores in the compound groups showed a dose-dependent decreasing trend. Before rotational stimulation, there were no significant difference in the saccharin water intake among the rats of all the groups. After rotational stimulation, the saccharin water intake in the model group was more significantly reduced than that of the blank control group ( P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the saccharin water intakes in diphenhydramine group and compound groups were significantly increased ( P<0.05), and the increase were dose-dependent. Before drug administration, all the Beagle dogs were susceptible to rotational stimulation with early salivation and vomiting. After drug administration, the latent periods of salivation and vomiting were all considerably extended ( P<0.05), and the extension of the latent periods in the compound groups was dose-dependent. Conclusion:The diphenhydramine and caffeine compound has protective effects against motion sickness, and the adverse reactions of inhibition in central nervous system are mild.

Objective:To study the effects of diphenhydramine and caffeine compound on motion sickness.Methods:Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups with ten rats in each group, namely, blank control group, model control group, diphenhydramine group (2.25 mg/kg), compound (diphenhydramine and caffeine) low-dose group [(1.13+ 2.70) mg/kg], compound medium-dose group [(2.25+ 5.40) mg/kg], and compound high-dose group [(4.50+ 10.80) mg/kg]. The mental states of rats were observed. The motion sickness (MS) scores and saccharin water intake were evaluated. Thirty Beagle dogs were randomly divided into five groups with six dogs in each group, namely, model control group, diphenhydramine group (0.67 mg/kg), compound (diphenhydramine and caffeine) low-dose group [(0.33+ 0.80) mg/kg], compound medium-dose group [(0.67+ 1.60) mg/kg], and compound high-dose group [(1.34+ 3.20) mg/kg]. The latent periods of salivation and vomiting after rotational stimulation were observed and recorded.Results:The rats in the compound medium-dose group and the compound high-dose group did not manifest somnolence while the rats in other groups receiving diphenhydramine did. After rotational stimulation, the MS scores of the rats in the model group were higher than those of the rats in the compound groups, and the MS scores in the compound groups showed a dose-dependent decreasing trend. Before rotational stimulation, there were no significant difference in the saccharin water intake among the rats of all the groups. After rotational stimulation, the saccharin water intake in the model group was more significantly reduced than that of the blank control group ( P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the saccharin water intakes in diphenhydramine group and compound groups were significantly increased ( P<0.05), and the increase were dose-dependent. Before drug administration, all the Beagle dogs were susceptible to rotational stimulation with early salivation and vomiting. After drug administration, the latent periods of salivation and vomiting were all considerably extended ( P<0.05), and the extension of the latent periods in the compound groups was dose-dependent. Conclusion:The diphenhydramine and caffeine compound has protective effects against motion sickness, and the adverse reactions of inhibition in central nervous system are mild.

" Day surgery hospital-community joint follow-up model " results newly from the deepening implementation of the hierarchical medical system policy. It is designed to follow up the patients discharged from hospital but not fully recovered in time to ensure the prevention of adverse events after surgery. It can also improve the quality and efficiency of follow-up, and ensure the safety and integrity of the whole day operation management. In this context, through a comparative study of 720 patients discharged from daytime surgery in the region, patients in the combined follow-up group were followed up by telephone on the 3rd day after the operation by nurses from the day surgery ward. On the 10th and 20th days after the operation, the family doctor from the community health service center will visit the patient at home and follow up the patient by telephone. One month later, the patient returned to the hospital for follow-up consultation. Follow-up results show day surgery hospital-community joint mode as a helpful aid in keeping track of the patients postoperative rehabilitation, reducing complications and handling in time, while improving the ambulatory surgery perioperative safety.

Objective To study the effects of nasal gingerol gel on motion sickness .Methods The effects of nasal gingerol gel on motion sickness were evaluated by using the rat model of conditioned taste to observe changes in the amount of saccharine water intake , and also the Beagle dog model to observe the latent period of salivation and vomiting, before and after rotational stimulation.Results Before rotational stimulation, there were no significant differences in the amount of saccharine water intake in the rats of the groups . However, following rotational stimulation, the amount of saccharine water intake in the rats of the control group was obviously reduced, as compared with that before stimulation (P <0.01).Before drug treatment, all the Beagle dogs were susceptible to rotational stimulation , displaying early salivation and vomiting .However, after medication, the latent period of salivation and vomiting was all considerably delayed , as compared with the control group(P <0.05).The latent period of salivation of middle and high medication groups were extended to (17.89 ±8.42) min and (18.58 ±9.92) min, respectively.And the laent period of vomition of middle and high medication groups were extended to (25.50 ±12.78) min and (27.47 ±10.25) min.Conclusions Nasal gingerol gel showed certain protective effects against motion sickness .

Objective To study the effects of nasal gingerol gel on motion sickness .Methods The effects of nasal gingerol gel on motion sickness were evaluated by using the rat model of conditioned taste to observe changes in the amount of saccharine water intake , and also the Beagle dog model to observe the latent period of salivation and vomiting, before and after rotational stimulation.Results Before rotational stimulation, there were no significant differences in the amount of saccharine water intake in the rats of the groups . However, following rotational stimulation, the amount of saccharine water intake in the rats of the control group was obviously reduced, as compared with that before stimulation (P <0.01).Before drug treatment, all the Beagle dogs were susceptible to rotational stimulation , displaying early salivation and vomiting .However, after medication, the latent period of salivation and vomiting was all considerably delayed , as compared with the control group(P <0.05).The latent period of salivation of middle and high medication groups were extended to (17.89 ±8.42) min and (18.58 ±9.92) min, respectively.And the laent period of vomition of middle and high medication groups were extended to (25.50 ±12.78) min and (27.47 ±10.25) min.Conclusions Nasal gingerol gel showed certain protective effects against motion sickness .

Aim To investigate the protective effect of riboflavin on ischemia brain damage and the mecha-nism.Methods The in vivo experiments were pro-cessed in male SD rats .Rats were randomly arranged into control group , model group and riboflavin group . The rats in riboflavin group were intraperitoneally in-jected riboflavin at the dose of 1 mg? kg -1 for seven consecutive days .Then the rats in model and riboflavin groups were carried out middle cerebral artery occlu-sion( MCAO) operation.After 24 h, all rats were sacri-ficed and the brain tissue was dissected to observe the infarct area, the edema and the ultrastructure damage . The brain tissue was dyed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride .The brain edema was observed by the weight of ischemia-side semi-brain.The ultrastructure was ob-served by electron microscope .The in vitro experiments were processed in primary culture neurons by exposed to oxygen and glycose deprivation ( OGD) .The viability of neurons was assayed by MTT method .The enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) , catalase ( CAT)and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) was assayed to explore the mechanism .Results Riboflavin signifi-cantly decreased the infarct area ( P<0.01 ) , inhibited the brain edema ( P <0.01 ) and inhibited the ultra-structure damage in rats after MCAO;riboflavin protec-ted the viability ( P <0.01 ) and the ultrastructure of neurons exposed to OGD .The enzyme activity of an-tioxidant SOD1 ( P <0.01 ) , CAT ( P <0.01 ) and GSH-Px ( P <0.01 ) was protected by riboflavin in MCAO model .No difference was found in the activity of SOD2 . Conclusion Riboflavin inhibits ischemia brain damage , and the protection of the activity of an-tioxidants is involved in the mechanism .

Objective To investigate the effects of dendritic cells (DCs)loading alpha-Galactosylce-ramide (α-GalCer)combined with tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)on the growth of transplanted Heps hepatoma in mice.Methods We induced the augmentation of the DC cells and T lymphocyte derived from the mice bone marrow,and enabled them to be specific CTLs.DC cells loaded α-GalCer in vitro.First we established a Heps liver cancer xenograft model,then divided the model mice into 4 groups by random number table method (n =9):control group (intravenous injection with physiological saline),CTL group,DC loadingα-Galcer group and DC loading α-Galcer combined with CTLs group.After 2 weeks of intervention,we extrac-ted the tumor tissue,weighed the tumor and calculated the inhibition rate of tumor.The expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 cells in groups of transplanted tumor tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results The average tumor weight of CTL group,DC loading α-GalCer group and combined treatment group were (1 .07 ±0.1 5)g,(1 .1 1 ±0.1 7)g,(0.79 ±0.1 4)g,respectively.All of them were lower than that of control group (1 .69 ±0.23)g,with significant differences (t =1 4.1 76,P =0.023;t =1 2.351 ,P =0.034;t =1 8.672,P =0.000).The average tumor weight of combined treatment group was lower than those of the CTL group and DC loading α-GalCer group,with significant differences (t =1 5.236,P =0.01 2;t =1 1 .1 76, P =0.037).Compared to the CTL group (36.69%)and DC loading α-GalCer group (34.32%),the com-bined treatment group had a higher tumor inhibition rate (53.25%;P =0.034,P =0.021 ).Immunohisto-chemical assay showed that the numbers of Bax-positive cells in CTL group,DC loading α-GalCer group and combined treatment group were 35.83 ±0.75,33.67 ±0.82,41 .1 7 ±1 .1 7 respectively,and compared with the control group (21 .67 ±2.1 6),the differences were statistically significant (t =-1 3.789,P =0.002;t =-1 5.1 1 6,P =0.001 ;t =-1 7.452,P =0.000).The numbers of Bax-positive cells in combined treatment group were different with CTL group and DC loading α-GalCer group (t =-7.730,P =0.009;t =-5.872, P =0.01 1 ).The numbers of Bcl-2-positive cells in CTL group,DC loading α-GalCer group and combined treatment group were 30.83 ±0.75,31 .67 ±1 .03,25.00 ±0.89,and compared with the control group (38.67 ±1 .21 ),the differences were statistically significant (t =9.234,P =0.007;t =1 1 .738,P =0.003;t =20.608,P =0.000).The numbers of Bcl-2-positive cells in combined treatment group were different with CTL group and DC loading α-GalCer group (t =1 1 .952,P =0.003;t =1 2.223,P =0.002).Western blot-ting test results showed that the expression levels of Bax in CTL group,DC loading α-GalCer group and com-bined treatment group were 0.46 ±0.01 ,0.42 ±0.03,0.55 ±0.01 ,and compared with the control group (0.31 ±0.02),the differences were statistically significant (t =1 .035,P =0.032;t =1 .1 24,P =0.027;t =1 .425,P =0.01 0).The expression level of Bax in combined treatment group was different with CTL group and DC loading α-GalCer group (t =1 .305,P =0.01 3;t =1 .421 ,P =0.01 0).The positive expressions of Bcl-2 in CTL group,DC loading α-GalCer group and combined treatment group were 0.34 ±0.03,0.33 ± 0.02,0.24 ±0.01 ,and compared with the control group (0.46 ±0.01 ),the differences were statistically sig-nificant (t =-1 .1 23,P =0.025;t =-1 .061 ,P =0.031 ;t =1 .278,P =0.01 4);the positive expression level of Bcl-2 in combined treatment group was different with CTL group and DC loading α-GalCer group (t =1 .1 60,P =0.021 ;t =1 .21 9,P =0.01 5).Conclusion It has synergistic killing effect on transplanted Heps hepatoma in mice using DC loading α-GalCer combined with the tumor specific CTL.