[Objective] To investigate the non-pathological influencing factors of the unqualified alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the initial screening of blood donors in Changchun and the laboratory re-examination, so as to provide evidence for reducing the deferral of blood donors and the discarding of blood due to ALT disqualification. [Methods] The unqualified results of ALT from the laboratory of our center from September 1, 2023 to October 31, 2024 were collected. The unqualified rates of ALT were statistically analyzed according to the blood collection sites and the initial screening detection equipment. The samples after ALT pre-donation screening were tested in the laborator, and the unqualified rates of ALT in the initial screening and the laboratory, the non-conformity rate of the results and the distribution range of ALT values were statistically analyzed according to the blood collection sites and the initial screening detection equipment. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the blood donors before blood collection to statistically analyze the influence of the blood donors' living habits and diet on ALT test results. [Results] The statistical analysis of the unqualified rate of ALT in the laboratory showed statistically significant differences in the ALT disqualification rates among different blood collection sites and different initial screening detection devices (P<0.05). Comparison of the ALT unqualified rate for the same type of equipment at different sites showed that for Equipment 1, there were differences between the combined blood collection house and the whole blood house, and between the combined blood collection house and the blood donation vehicle (P<0.05); for Equipment 2, there were differences between the combined blood collection house and the blood donation vehicle, and between the whole blood house and the blood donation vehicle (P<0.05); there were no significant differences among other groups with the same equipment. The initial screening and the laboratory test results for the same samples were compared, with unqualified rates of ALT of 16.29% and 13.01%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the unqualified rates of ALT among different blood collection sites (P<0.05), but no significant differences in the ALT test results among different detection equipment (P>0.05).. The non-conformity rate between the initial screening and the laboratory results was 5.26%, of which 81.15% (99/122) were unqualified in the initial screening but qualified in the laboratory. There were statistically significant differences in those unqualified in the initial screening but qualified in the laboratory among different blood collection sites and different detection equipment (P<0.05). The median ALT level in the initial screening was 29.0 U/L (with a 5%-95% range of 14-75 U/L), and the median ALT level in the laboratory was 19 U/L (with a 5%-95% range of 8-65 U/L). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that 33.3% (2/6) of those who consumed alcohol within 24 hours before blood donation had unqualified ALT, and 10% (1/10) of those who stayed up late the night before blood donation had unqualified ALT. [Conclusion] The unqualified rates of ALT in the initial screening before blood collection and the laboratory re-examination of blood donors in Changchun are closely related to the blood collection sites, detection equipment, detection environment, detection personnel, samples, ALT thresholds and detection time. Drinking alcohol and staying up late within 24 hours before blood donation increase the risk of unqualified ALT detection.

Osteoarthritis (OA) causes chronic pain that significantly impairs quality of life, with current treatments often proving insufficient and accompanied by adverse effects. Recent research has identified the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and its resident macrophages as crucial mediators of chronic OA pain through neuroinflammation driven by macrophage polarization. We present a novel injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel system, KAF@PLEL, designed to deliver an anti-inflammatory peptide (KAF) specifically to the DRG. This biodegradable hydrogel enables sustained KAF release, promoting the reprogramming of DRG macrophages from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies, we evaluated the hydrogel's biocompatibility, effects on macrophage polarization, and therapeutic efficacy in chronic OA pain management. The system demonstrated significant capabilities in preserving macrophage mitochondrial function, suppressing neuroinflammation, alleviating chronic OA pain, reducing cartilage degradation, and improving motor function in OA rat models. The sustained-release properties of KAF@PLEL enabled prolonged therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic exposure and side effects. These findings suggest that KAF@PLEL represents a promising therapeutic approach for improving outcomes in OA patients through targeted, sustained treatment.

Cholesterol (CH) plays a crucial role in enhancing the membrane stability of drug delivery systems (DDS). However, its association with conditions such as hyperlipidemia often leads to criticism, overshadowing its influence on the biological effects of formulations. In this study, we reevaluated the delivery effect of CH using widely applied lipid microspheres (LM) as a model DDS. We conducted comprehensive investigations into the impact of CH on the distribution, cell uptake, and protein corona (PC) of LM at sites of cardiovascular inflammatory injury. The results demonstrated that moderate CH promoted the accumulation of LM at inflamed cardiac and vascular sites without exacerbating damage while partially mitigating pathological damage. Then, the slow cellular uptake rate observed for CH@LM contributed to a prolonged duration of drug efficacy. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed that CH depended on LM and exerted its biological effects by modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression in vascular endothelial cells and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein levels in myocardial cells, thereby enhancing LM uptake at cardiovascular inflammation sites. Proteomics analysis unveiled a serum adsorption pattern for CH@LM under inflammatory conditions showing significant adsorption with CH metabolism-related apolipoprotein family members such as apolipoprotein A-V (Apoa5); this may be a major contributing factor to their prolonged circulation in vivo and explains why CH enhances the distribution of LM at cardiovascular inflammatory injury sites. It should be noted that changes in cell types and physiological environments can also influence the biological behavior of formulations. The findings enhance the conceptualization of CH and LM delivery, providing novel strategies for investigating prescription factors' bioactivity.

Immune evasion has made ovarian cancer notorious for its refractory features, making the development of immunotherapy highly appealing to ovarian cancer treatment. The immune-stimulating cytokine IL-12 exhibits excellent antitumor activities. However, IL-12 can induce IFN-γ release and subsequently upregulate PDL-1 expression on tumor cells. Therefore, the tumor-targeting folate-modified delivery system F-DPC is constructed for concurrent delivery of IL-12 encoding gene and small molecular PDL-1 inhibitor (iPDL-1) to reduce immune escape and boost anti-tumor immunity. The physicochemical characteristics, gene transfection efficiency of the F-DPC nanoparticles in ovarian cancer cells are analyzed. The immune-modulation effects of combination therapy on different immune cells are also studied. Results show that compared with non-folate-modified vector, folate-modified F-DPC can improve the targeting of ovarian cancer and enhance the transfection efficiency of pIL-12. The underlying anti-tumor mechanisms include the regulation of T cells proliferation and activation, NK activation, macrophage polarization and DC maturation. The F-DPC/pIL-12/iPDL-1 complexes have shown outstanding antitumor effects and low toxicity in peritoneal model of ovarian cancer in mice. Taken together, our work provides new insights into ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Novel F-DPC/pIL-12/iPDL-1 complexes are revealed to exert prominent anti-tumor effect by modulating tumor immune microenvironment and preventing immune escape and might be a promising treatment option for ovarian cancer treatment.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of human parvovirus B19(B19V)infection among college students,so as to provide reference for the development of blood donor screening strategies and blood supply policies.Meth-ods From March 2023 to February 2024,blood donor samples from college students in Changchun were retrospectively an-alyzed using the principle of random numbers,with samples taken 1 to 3 days per month.B19V IgG/IgM were detected by ELISA,and B19V DNA and viral load were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.Results Among 1 456 blood donor samples from college students,the positive rates for B19V IgG,IgM and DNA were 11.54%,0.34%and 2.68%,respec-tively.The viral load in 39 B19V DNA-positive samples ranged from 5.60×102 IU/mL to 9.10×106 IU/mL,with 28 samples(1.92%)having a viral load above 104 IU/mL.There were 11 samples(0.76%)that were positive for B19V DNA but neg-ative for IgG/IgM.Conclusion The college students have a low prevalence of past B19V infection,but a higher risk of in-fections and a higer proportion of acute infections with high viral loads in individuals who are]B19V IgG negative,presenting a risk of transmission through blood transfusion.Targeted blood safety monitoring is necessary for college students to track the prevalence of B19V DNA.

【Objective】 To generate reference values for inspiratory muscle of preschool children in Nanjing, so as to provide a reference index for evaluating children′s lung function and exercise performance. 【Methods】 A total of 236 preschool children were selected from the main urban area of Nanjing by stratified cluster sampling.The inspiratory muscles were evaluated by breath link respiratory function evaluation system to obtain the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and inspiratory peak flow rate.Pearson analysis was used to determine the correlation of MIP and inspiratory peak flow rate with gender, age, height and weight.Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to obtain the formula of MIP and inspiratory peak flow rate. 【Results】 Differences in MIP and peak inspiratory flow rate were not significant between boys and girls (P>0.05), but were statistically significant among different age groups and showed an increasing trend with age (F=13.660, 33.581, P<0.001).MIP and peak inspiratory flow rate were positively correlated with children′s age, height and weight (P<0.001).The regression model, proved to be statistically significant(F=12.913、22.398, P<0.08), indicated that height was the best predictor of MIP and age was the best predictor of inspiratory peak flow rate. 【Conclusions】 This study is the first study on the predicted value of inspiratory muscle in preschool children in China.The predicted value formula can provide a reference for clinical inspiratory muscle evaluation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of 5,6-dimethylxanthe-none-4-acetic acid(DMXAA)on metastasis of Lewis lung cancer(LLC)in mice.METHODS The inhibi-tory effect of DMXAA on tumor metastasis was analyzed via an LLC xenograft tumor model and LLC metastatic tumor model.The mice of LLC xenograft tumor model were randomly divided into three groups:model group(physiological saline containing 1%DMSO,ip,once every two days),model+suni-tinib group(30 mg·kg-1,ip,once every two days),and model+DMXAA group(25 mg·kg-1,ip,once).Tumor volume and body mass were measured once every two days after administration.Two and five days after administration,tumor mass was measured by sacrificing the mice,followed by immunofluores-cence staining of tumor tissues.Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31)and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were used to analyze the vascular structure of tumor tissues.The tumor hypoxia level was detected using the hypoxia probe pimonidazole staining.The mice of LLC metastatic tumor model were randomly divided into three groups:model group(physiological saline containing 1%DMSO,ip,twice a week),model+sunitinib group(60 mg·kg-1,ip,twice a week),and model+DMXAA group(25 mg·kg-1,ip,once).At the Two and five weeks after administration,the in vivo tumor growth and metastasis were observed and quantified using a small animal live imaging system.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the tumor volume and mass of the model+sunitinib group and model+ DMXAA group were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),and DMXAA took effect faster and more significantly than sunitinib.At the same time,compared with the model group,the body mass in the model+sunitinib group decreased significantly(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in body mass the model+DMXAA group.Compared with the model group,model+sunitinib had no effect on tumor metastasis,but model+DMXAA significantly reduced tumor metastasis two weeks after administration(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the coverage rate of α-SMA/CD31 in the model+sunitinib group and model+DMXAA group increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,there was no significant change in the tumor hypoxia area in the model+sunitinib group,but this in the model+DMXAA group decreased significantly(P<0.01).CONCLUSION DMXAA significantly inhibits the growth and metastasis of LLC in mice,and its mechanism may be related to its improvement of tumor vascular normalization and hyposic microenvironments.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of intestinal regional oxygen saturation（rSO 2）and fecal calprotectin in the occurrence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis（NEC）in premature infants. Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted among premature infants admitted to Quanzhou Children's Hospital from October 2019 to December 2022. Intestinal rSO 2 was monitored within two hours of diagnosis of NEC，and fecal calprotectin was measured. Results:A total of 60 patients were included, including 30 cases with NEC and 30 cases without NEC, 14 cases of medical NEC, 16 cases of surgical NEC, and eight infants died due to NEC. Infants with NEC had lower intestinal rSO 2 [49（30，60）% vs. 66（60，69）%] and higher calprotectin levels [479（297，886）μg/g vs. 203（113，275）μg/g] than those in infants without NEC ( P<0.01). The levels of intestinal rSO 2 were lower in surgical NEC than those in medical NEC，and were lower in the death group than that in the survival group ( P<0.01)，but no similar difference was found in the levels of calprotectin. ROC curve analysis showed that intestinal rSO 2 combined with calprotectin had a sensitivity of 73%，a specificity of 100%，and the largest area under curve of 0.91 in the diagnosis of NEC. Intestinal rSO 2 had an optimal cut-off value of 31% in predicting death in infants with NEC，with a sensitivity of 100%，a specificity of 95%，and an area under curve of 0.99. Conclusion:Intestinal rSO 2 and fecal calprotectin can effectively identify the presence of NEC，and their combined detection can improve the diagnostic efficiency. Intestinal rSO 2 is a good predictor of the severity of NEC，but not fecal calprotectin.