OBJECTIVES: We propose a segmented backprojection tensor degradation feature encoding (SBP-MAC) model for motion artifact correction in dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to improve the quality of the reconstructed images. METHODS: The proposed motion artifact correction model consists of a generator and a degradation encoder. The segmented limited-angle reconstructed sub-images are stacked into the tensors and used as the model input. A degradation encoder is used to extract spatially varying motion information in the tensor, and the generator's skip connection features are adaptively modulated to guide the model for correcting artifacts caused by different motion waveforms. The artifact consistency loss function was designed to simplify the learning task of the generator. RESULTS: The proposed model could effectively remove motion artifacts and improve the quality of the reconstructed images. For simulated data, the proposed model increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio by 8.28%, increased the structural similarity index measurement by 2.29%, and decreased the root mean square error by 23.84%. For real clinical data, the proposed model achieved the highest expert score of 4.4221 (against a 5-point scale), which was significantly higher than those of all the other comparison methods. CONCLUSIONS The SBP-MAC model can effectively extract spatially varying motion information in the tensors and achieve adaptive artifact correction from the tensor domain to the image domain to improve the quality of reconstructed dental CBCT images.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods* ; Artifacts ; Humans ; Motion ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Algorithms

Diagnosis and treatment of refractory hydrocephalus are the keys in reflecting the overall level of diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus. However, there is currently no clear definition of refractory hydrocephalus; moreover, treatment of these patients is difficult, with high failure rate. This article focuses on the definition, common causes and classification of refractory hydrocephalus, the treatment strategies of infectious refractory hydrocephalus, the treatment dilemmas of negative pressure or low-pressure hydrocephalus, and treatment future directions of refractory hydrocephalus, in order to attract attention of clinicians to the diagnosis and treatment of refractory hydrocephalus.

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is an epithelial tumor originating from remnants of Rathke's pouch. A highly inflammatory microenvironment and histological presence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are key pathological features of ACP. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, forms a positive feedback loop with SASP, mutually promoting their effects. This review summarizes the current research progress on regulatory mechanism of SASP and pyroptosis in ACP so as to further understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ACP development.

Objective To investigate the occurrence status quo and influencing factors of low muscle mass(LMM)among young and middle-aged health examination population.Methods The young and middle-aged people undergoing the body composition analysis in this hospital from January to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects.The general data,body composition indices and biochemical indicators were col-lected.The body composition analysis was performed by the bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA).LMM was diagnosed based on the skeletal muscle index.The univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of LMN occurrence in the young and middle-aged health examination population.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC)were em-ployed to evaluate the predictive value of each indicator.Results A total of 2 351 people undergoing the phys-ical examination were included,aged 18-49 years old,366(15.57％)cases of LMM were detected out.The skeletal muscle index,sex,age,age group distribution,body mass index(BMI),body fat percentage(BFP),body fat percentage grade,visceral fat area(VFA),AST/ALT,Hb,serum creatinine,blood uric acid,HbA1c,fasting blood glucose,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,TG and triglyceride-glucose index(TyG)had statistical differences between the LMM group and normal group(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the sex(OR=2.606,95％CI:1.755-3.870),BMI(OR=0.579,95％CI:0.538-0.623),BFP(OR=5.885,95％CI:4.176-8.292)and VFA(OR=0.955,95％CI:0.944-0.967)were the influencing factors for the LMM oc-currence in the young and middle-aged people undergoing the physical examination(P＜0.001).The ROC a-nalysis showed the AUC values of the sex,BMI,BFP and VFA for predicting LMM were 0.580,0.821,0.636 and 0.715 respectively,in which the predictive value of BMI was highest.Conclusion The population of fe-male,low BMI,high BFP and low VFA maybe the high-risk groups for LMM.The health management for the above-mentioned groups needs to be strengthened.

Objective:To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of unexplained neonatal intestinal perforation.Methods:A case summary was conducted.Intestinal perforation children who showed unclear etiology during surgical exploration in Fujian Children′s Hospital from October 2017 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The perforation characteristics, pathological characteristics, etiological analysis and surgical methods were analyzed, and the diagnosis and treatment experience was summarized.Results:There were 21 neonates with unexplained intestinal perforation, including 15 boys and 6 girls.There were more full-term infants (12 cases) than preterm ones (9 cases), and more neonates with normal birth weight (12 cases) than those with low birth weight (9 cases).Intraoperative perforation was detected in the ileum in 13 cases and colon in 8 cases.The perforation diameter ranged between 0.5-2.0 cm.Single perforation was detected in 20 cases, and 1 case had two perforations.All patients underwent full-layer multipoint biopsy and enterostomy.Pathological reports after surgery showed that Hirschsprung disease was confirmed in 10 cases, and Hirschsprung disease allied disorders were diagnosed in 8 cases.The remaining 3 cases had normal ganglion cells, and 2 cases of them had spontaneous intestinal perforation, and 1 case had meconium ileus.After operation, 3 cases gave up treatment, 1 case died, and 17 patients were discharged from hospital at the first stage.Nine cases with Hirschsprung disease received radical surgery at the age of 3-6 months.Six out of 8 patients with Hirschsprung disease allied disorders underwent fistula closure surgery after accurate evaluation.Among the 6 children who received fistula closure surgery, 1 case underwent Santulli enterostomy because of inability to defecate and abdominal distension after surgery.Two of the 6 children undergoing fistula closure surgery were still being followed up.Two cases of spontaneous intestinal perforation and 1 case of meconium ileus underwent fistula closure surgery at the age of 3 months, and postoperative defecation was normal.Conclusions:Intestinal neuronal dysplasia, meconium ileus combined with intestinal perforation and spontaneous intestinal perforation should be considered in unexplained neonatal intestinal perforation.It is recommended that enterostomy and multipoint biopsy should be performed to clarify the pathology before further treatment in children with unexplained intestinal perforation.Santulli enterostomy is a feasible staging operation.

Objective:To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of unexplained neonatal intestinal perforation.Methods:A case summary was conducted.Intestinal perforation children who showed unclear etiology during surgical exploration in Fujian Children′s Hospital from October 2017 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The perforation characteristics, pathological characteristics, etiological analysis and surgical methods were analyzed, and the diagnosis and treatment experience was summarized.Results:There were 21 neonates with unexplained intestinal perforation, including 15 boys and 6 girls.There were more full-term infants (12 cases) than preterm ones (9 cases), and more neonates with normal birth weight (12 cases) than those with low birth weight (9 cases).Intraoperative perforation was detected in the ileum in 13 cases and colon in 8 cases.The perforation diameter ranged between 0.5-2.0 cm.Single perforation was detected in 20 cases, and 1 case had two perforations.All patients underwent full-layer multipoint biopsy and enterostomy.Pathological reports after surgery showed that Hirschsprung disease was confirmed in 10 cases, and Hirschsprung disease allied disorders were diagnosed in 8 cases.The remaining 3 cases had normal ganglion cells, and 2 cases of them had spontaneous intestinal perforation, and 1 case had meconium ileus.After operation, 3 cases gave up treatment, 1 case died, and 17 patients were discharged from hospital at the first stage.Nine cases with Hirschsprung disease received radical surgery at the age of 3-6 months.Six out of 8 patients with Hirschsprung disease allied disorders underwent fistula closure surgery after accurate evaluation.Among the 6 children who received fistula closure surgery, 1 case underwent Santulli enterostomy because of inability to defecate and abdominal distension after surgery.Two of the 6 children undergoing fistula closure surgery were still being followed up.Two cases of spontaneous intestinal perforation and 1 case of meconium ileus underwent fistula closure surgery at the age of 3 months, and postoperative defecation was normal.Conclusions:Intestinal neuronal dysplasia, meconium ileus combined with intestinal perforation and spontaneous intestinal perforation should be considered in unexplained neonatal intestinal perforation.It is recommended that enterostomy and multipoint biopsy should be performed to clarify the pathology before further treatment in children with unexplained intestinal perforation.Santulli enterostomy is a feasible staging operation.

Diagnosis and treatment of refractory hydrocephalus are the keys in reflecting the overall level of diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus. However, there is currently no clear definition of refractory hydrocephalus; moreover, treatment of these patients is difficult, with high failure rate. This article focuses on the definition, common causes and classification of refractory hydrocephalus, the treatment strategies of infectious refractory hydrocephalus, the treatment dilemmas of negative pressure or low-pressure hydrocephalus, and treatment future directions of refractory hydrocephalus, in order to attract attention of clinicians to the diagnosis and treatment of refractory hydrocephalus.

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is an epithelial tumor originating from remnants of Rathke's pouch. A highly inflammatory microenvironment and histological presence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are key pathological features of ACP. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, forms a positive feedback loop with SASP, mutually promoting their effects. This review summarizes the current research progress on regulatory mechanism of SASP and pyroptosis in ACP so as to further understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ACP development.

In recent years, molecular biological research on papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) has made significant breakthrough, leading to the clinical application of targeted therapy, which has yielded encouraging outcome. This article reviews the molecular biological characteristics of PCP, with a particular focus on mechanism of BRAF V600E gene mutation and its role in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, it also summarizes PCP comprehensive treatment strategies combining targeted therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy and proposes future research directions for precision PCP management, aiming at providing some references for clinical colleagues.

Japan is one of the main trading partners for the import and export of experimental animals in China,and its quarantine and supervision policies for the import and export of experimental animals are very detailed and strict.This article takes experimental dogs,cats,and monkeys as examples to provide an in-depth analysis of the quarantine and supervision policies for the main experimental animals exported to Japan.At the same time,it reflects on the current laws and regulations,import and export management method,standards,biosafety,breeding and management status,as well as the import and export business status of experimental animals in China.Suggestions are provided in improving the laws and regulations,import and export management method,ensuring national biosafety,improving the management level of experimental animal breeding,and promoting the import and export trade of experimental animals,in order to provide reference for comprehensively improving the production,use,and breeding management level of experimental animals in China and strengthening the trade between China and Japan.