ObjectiveTo provide a basis for the establishment of an ideal animal model of allergic asthma by statistically analyzing the modeling characteristics and the selection of indicators of the available models. MethodsWe retrieved the relevant articles from China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang Data， SinoMed， and PubMed with "allergic asthma" as the keyword and the time interval from January 2019 to January 2024. Through integrating the literature and extracting data， we used Excel 2021 to create a personal database and sorted out the animal strains， genders， allergenic substances， modeling routes， and test indicators and methods. Excel 2021， Cytoscape 3.10.2， and SPSS Modeler 18.0 were then used to analyze the relevant characteristics of the animal models. ResultsA total of 418 articles were included in the database， and the comparative analysis showed that the most frequently used animal strain for modeling was BALB/c mice， and female animals were mostly used. The main modeling method was sensitization by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin （OVA）， which was combined with intranasal inhalation. The test indicators mainly included appearance signs， cellular analysis， lung histopathology， lung function indicators， and protein and gene expression in the lung. The test methods mainly involved pathological staining， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay， immunohistochemistry， immunofluorescence， Western blot， and polymerase chain reaction（PCR） assays. ConclusionThere is no recognized modeling method or evaluation standard for the animal models of allergic asthma. Based on the results of data analysis， the OVA-induced allergic asthma model in BALB/c mice is recommended. The main criteria for evaluating the success of modeling are the general behavioral changes， the morphological changes of the airway and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue， the changes of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum， and the alterations of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

BACKGROUND:Currently,there are various rat models of lumbar disc herniation used in experiments,each with its own advantages and disadvantages.The most common modeling methods include autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation and annulus fibrosus puncture models.OBJECTIVE:To establish two autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation models(with spinous process and mastoid process excision and with transverse process and mastoid process excision)as well as an annulus fibrosus puncture model,and to compare and evaluate the characteristics of the three models.METHODS:Forty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=10 per group):sham surgery group,spinous process group,transverse process group,and annulus fibrosus puncture group.In the sham surgery group,surgical preparation was performed,the skin was incised,and the spinous process was exposed,and then sutured.In the spinous process group,L5 spinous process and transverse process were excised,and two pieces of tail nucleus pulposus were placed in the intervertebral foramen.In the transverse process group,L5 transverse process and transverse process were excised,and two pieces of tail nucleus pulposus were placed in the intervertebral foramen.In the annulus fibrosus puncture group,the transverse process was excised and annulus fibrosus puncture and intervertebral disc injection of interleukin 1β were then performed.Thermal paw withdrawal latencies were tested before and after modeling.Lumbar spine MRI was performed 2 weeks after modeling.Pathological changes in the intervertebral discs were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and safranin-O-fast green staining.Immunofluorescence was used to observe CD68+positive expression.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Thermal withdrawal threshold testing results showed that compared with the sham surgery group,pain sensitivity and tolerance time of rats decreased significantly after modeling(P<0.05).(2)Lumbar spine MRI images showed that the spinous process and transverse process groups had obvious protrusion of nucleus pulposus tissue,which more closely resembled MRI images of patients with common lumbar disc herniation.(3)Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that compared with the sham surgery group,nucleus pulposus tissues in the model groups showed varying degrees of degeneration,inflammatory cell infiltration,and degradation of spinal cord cells,with the appearance of cystic changes,among which the annulus fibrosus puncture group had the most severe pathological changes.(4)Safranin-O-fast green staining showed that compared with the sham surgery group,the boundaries of nucleus pulposus tissues in the three model groups were blurred,with extensive inflammatory reactions and varying degrees of degeneration in the annulus fibrosus.(5)CD68+immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with the sham surgery group,the expression of CD68+in the model groups was higher and more widespread,with the annulus fibrosus puncture model showing the highest expression.All the three methods could be used to effectively establish rat models of lumbar disc herniation,with the annulus fibrosus puncture model established after excision of the transverse process being superior to the autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model(spinous process+mastoid process),and the first two models being superior to the autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model(transverse process+mastoid process).

BACKGROUND:Currently,there are various rat models of lumbar disc herniation used in experiments,each with its own advantages and disadvantages.The most common modeling methods include autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation and annulus fibrosus puncture models.OBJECTIVE:To establish two autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation models(with spinous process and mastoid process excision and with transverse process and mastoid process excision)as well as an annulus fibrosus puncture model,and to compare and evaluate the characteristics of the three models.METHODS:Forty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=10 per group):sham surgery group,spinous process group,transverse process group,and annulus fibrosus puncture group.In the sham surgery group,surgical preparation was performed,the skin was incised,and the spinous process was exposed,and then sutured.In the spinous process group,L5 spinous process and transverse process were excised,and two pieces of tail nucleus pulposus were placed in the intervertebral foramen.In the transverse process group,L5 transverse process and transverse process were excised,and two pieces of tail nucleus pulposus were placed in the intervertebral foramen.In the annulus fibrosus puncture group,the transverse process was excised and annulus fibrosus puncture and intervertebral disc injection of interleukin 1β were then performed.Thermal paw withdrawal latencies were tested before and after modeling.Lumbar spine MRI was performed 2 weeks after modeling.Pathological changes in the intervertebral discs were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and safranin-O-fast green staining.Immunofluorescence was used to observe CD68+positive expression.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Thermal withdrawal threshold testing results showed that compared with the sham surgery group,pain sensitivity and tolerance time of rats decreased significantly after modeling(P<0.05).(2)Lumbar spine MRI images showed that the spinous process and transverse process groups had obvious protrusion of nucleus pulposus tissue,which more closely resembled MRI images of patients with common lumbar disc herniation.(3)Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that compared with the sham surgery group,nucleus pulposus tissues in the model groups showed varying degrees of degeneration,inflammatory cell infiltration,and degradation of spinal cord cells,with the appearance of cystic changes,among which the annulus fibrosus puncture group had the most severe pathological changes.(4)Safranin-O-fast green staining showed that compared with the sham surgery group,the boundaries of nucleus pulposus tissues in the three model groups were blurred,with extensive inflammatory reactions and varying degrees of degeneration in the annulus fibrosus.(5)CD68+immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with the sham surgery group,the expression of CD68+in the model groups was higher and more widespread,with the annulus fibrosus puncture model showing the highest expression.All the three methods could be used to effectively establish rat models of lumbar disc herniation,with the annulus fibrosus puncture model established after excision of the transverse process being superior to the autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model(spinous process+mastoid process),and the first two models being superior to the autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model(transverse process+mastoid process).

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) refers to AI technology capable of generating new content such as text, images, or audio from training data. GAI tools not only demonstrate rapid and efficient potential in literature screening, data extraction, and literature appraisal in systematic reviews, but can also be used for guideline evaluation and dissemination, enhancing the readability and promotion efficiency of guidelines. However, the accuracy of content generated by GAI tools, the rationality of cited evidence, the level of evidence, and the reliability of data still need verification. Additionally, data privacy protection and ethical issues are challenges that need to be addressed. This article aims to overview the current status of GAI tools in the formulation, evaluation, dissemination, and implementation of guidelines, explore the feasibility and new models of GAI tools in the field of guidelines, and improve the efficiency and quality of guideline formulation to better serve guideline developers and users.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of 2019 novel coronavirus inactivated vaccine on the disease severity of patients with Delta variant of coronavirus disease 2019.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 704 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infected with Delta variant who were older than 18 years old and admitted in the coronavirus disease 2019 designated hospital of Yangzhou (Subei Hospital New Area Branch) from July 2021 to September 2021. They were divided into severe (severe, critical) group and non-severe (light, ordinary) group according to the clinical characteristics of patients. According to the vaccination status, they were divided into 0-dose group, 1-dose group and 2-dose group. We evaluated the effects of vaccination on the severity of the disease and the production of antibodies, and analyzed the influencing factors leading to the severe group of coronavirus disease 2019.Results:The proportion of severe group in the 2-dose vaccinated group was significantly lower than that in the 1-dose vaccinated group and 0-dose vaccinated group [3.02% (7/232) vs. 9.48% (22/232), 15.83% (38/240), P < 0.05]. The time from onset to admission (day: 1.97±1.66 vs. 2.66±2.70), age (years: 45.3±12.2 vs. 63.6±17.0), direct bilirubin [DBil (μmol/L): 3.70±1.83 vs. 5.30±5.13], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH (U/L): 240.69±74.29 vs. 256.30±85.18], creatinine [SCr (μmol/L): 63.38±19.86 vs. 70.23±25.43], interleukin-6 [IL-6 (ng/L): 7.32 (1.54, 17.40) vs. 18.38 (8.83, 33.43)], creatine kinase [CK (U/L): 66.00 (43.00, 99.75) vs. 78.00 (54.50, 144.00)] and D-dimer [mg/L: 0.30 (0.08, 0.49) vs. 0.41 (0.23, 0.69)] of patients in the 2-dose group were significantly lower than those in the 0-dose group (all P < 0.05), while platelet [PLT (×10 9/L): 176.69±60.25 vs. 149.25±59.07], white blood cell count [WBC (×10 9/L): 5.43±1.77 vs. 5.03±1.88] and lymphocyte [LYM (×10 9/L): 1.34±0.88 vs. 1.17±0.50] were significantly higher than those in the 0-dose group (all P < 0.05). The titer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the 2-dose group was significantly higher than those in the 1-dose group and 0-dose group on the 10th day after admission [U/L: 130.94 (92.23, 326.31), 113.18 (17.62, 136.20), 117.85 (33.52, 156.73), both P < 0.05], and higher than 0-dose group on the 16th day [U/L: 156.12 (120.32, 167.76) vs. 126.52 (61.34, 149.57), P < 0.05]. The proportion of complete 2-dose vaccination [10.45% (7/67) vs. 35.32% (225/637)], LYM (×10 9/L: 1.09±0.32 vs. 1.25±0.56) and PLT (×10 9/L: 138.55±68.03 vs. 166.93±59.70) in the severe group were significantly lower than those in the non-severe group ( P < 0.05), while the time from onset to admission (day: 3.01±2.99 vs. 2.25±2.09), the length of hospital stay (day: 28±18 vs. 16±6), male proportion [77.61% (52/67) vs. 34.54% (220/637)], age (years: 69.13±12.63 vs. 52.28±16.53), DBil [μmol/L: 4.20 (3.18, 6.65) vs. 3.60 (2.80, 4.90], LDH (U/L: 310.61±98.33 vs. 238.19±72.14), SCr (μmol/L: 85.67±38.25 vs. 65.98±18.57), C-reactive protein [CRP (μmol/L): 28.12 (11.32, 42.23) vs. 8.49 (2.61, 17.58)], IL-6 [ng/L: 38.38 (24.67, 81.50) vs. 11.40 (4.60, 22.07)], CK [U/L: 140.00 (66.00, 274.00) vs. 72.80 (53.00, 11.00)] and the D-dimer [mg/L: 0.46 (0.29, 0.67) vs. 0.35 (0.19, 0.57)] in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the non-severe group (all P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the odds ratio ( OR) of severe group was 0.430 ( P = 0.010) in the 1-dose group and the 2-dose group compared with the 0-dose group. However, the risk of severe group was 0.381-fold in the 2-dose group compared with the 0-dose group [ OR = 0.381, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.121-1.199] which was not statistically significant, when the age was included in the regression analysis ( P > 0.05). PLT ( OR = 0.992, 95% CI was 0.986-0.998) were protective factors, but older than 60 years old ( OR = 3.681, 95% CI was 1.637-8.278), CK ( OR = 1.001, 95% CI was 1.000-1.001), IL-6 ( OR = 1.006, 95% CI was 1.002-1.010), SCr ( OR = 1.020, 95% CI was 1.007-1.033) were risk factors for severe group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the 0-dose vaccinated patients, the coronavirus disease 2019 patients infected with delta variant and fully vaccinated with 2-dose 2019 novel coronavirus inactivated vaccine had lower level of IL-6, SCr, CK and D-dimer, and higher PLT, LYM and IgG titer, who were not easy to develop into the severe condition.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of raltitrexed plus oxaliplatin (RALOX project) and S1 in patients with advanced primary liver cancer.Methods Seventy-one patients with advanced primary liver cancer admitted to 6 cancer centers from July 2013 to July 2015 were divided into 2 groups according to the wishes of the patients and their families:RALOX group (34 patients) and S1 group (37 patients).The therapeutic efficacy such as objective remission rate (ORR),disease control rate (DCR),median overall survival (mOS),median progression free survival (mPFS),one year survival rate (SR),and adverse reactions in these patients were evaluated.Results Thirty-one patients could be evaluated in RALOX group,and 6 patients obtained partial response (PR),10 stable disease (SD) and 15 progressive disease (PD).Thirty-three patients could be evaluated in S1 group,and 3 patients obtained PR,8 patients SD and 22 PD.The ORR,DCR,and one year SR were 19.4％ vs.9.1％,51.6％ vs.33.3％,and 22.6％ vs.12.1％ respectively,and there were no statistically significant differences in the two groups (x2 =1.393,P =0.238;x2 =2.190,P =0.139;x2 =1.229,P =0.268).The mOS and mPFS were 7.2 months vs.6.1 months and 3.4 months vs.2.8 months,and there were statistically significant differences in the two groups (x2 =6.433,P =0.011;x2 =4.078,P =0.043).There was more serious peripheral nerve toxicity (29.0％ vs.3.0％,x2 =6.344,P =0.012) and lighter hand-foot syndrome (9.7％ vs.30.3％,x2 =4.201,P =0.040) in RALOX group than S1 group.But the incidences of other adverse effects were similar in the two groups.Condnsion RALOX project is safe and effective to the patients with advanced primary liver cancer.Compare with S1 project,RALOX project has better curative effects and the majority of adverse reactions are tolerable.The patients have good condition control and survival benefit.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and drug-toxic reactions of raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin (RALOX protocol) and 5-fluorouracil + calciumfolinate + oxaliplatin (FOLFOX 4 protocol) in the treatment of patients with middle and advanced primary liver cancer (PLC).Methods A total of 72 patients with PLC were selected and randomly divided into RALOX group (n =34) and FOLFOX 4 group (n =38).The objective response rate (RR) was evaluated every 6 weeks after chemotherapy,while objective remission rate (OR),disease-control rate (DCR),median survival rate (mOS),median progression-free survival (mPFS),1-year survival rate (SR) as well as toxic and adverse reactions were observed.Results In RALOX group,31 patients were evaluable,with OR,DCR,mOS,mPFS,and 1-year SR being 19.4％,51.6％,7.2 months,3.4 months,and 22.6％,respectively.In FOLFOX 4 group,29 patients were evaluable,with OR,DCR,mOS,mPFS,and 1-year SR being 13.8％,48.3％,6.9 months,3.3 months and 20.7％,respectively.RALOX group was significantly lower than FOLFOX 4 group in the incidence rates of gastrointestinal reactions,liver toxicity,cardiac toxicity,peripheral nervous toxicity and hand-foot syndrome,but there were no significant differences in the incidence rates of renal toxicity and myelosuppression between two groups.Conclusion RALOX is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with middle and advanced PLC,and is superior to FOLFOX 4 protocol in clinical efficacy with mild adverse reactions.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and drug-toxic reactions of raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin (RALOX protocol) and 5-fluorouracil + calciumfolinate + oxaliplatin (FOLFOX 4 protocol) in the treatment of patients with middle and advanced primary liver cancer (PLC).Methods A total of 72 patients with PLC were selected and randomly divided into RALOX group (n =34) and FOLFOX 4 group (n =38).The objective response rate (RR) was evaluated every 6 weeks after chemotherapy,while objective remission rate (OR),disease-control rate (DCR),median survival rate (mOS),median progression-free survival (mPFS),1-year survival rate (SR) as well as toxic and adverse reactions were observed.Results In RALOX group,31 patients were evaluable,with OR,DCR,mOS,mPFS,and 1-year SR being 19.4％,51.6％,7.2 months,3.4 months,and 22.6％,respectively.In FOLFOX 4 group,29 patients were evaluable,with OR,DCR,mOS,mPFS,and 1-year SR being 13.8％,48.3％,6.9 months,3.3 months and 20.7％,respectively.RALOX group was significantly lower than FOLFOX 4 group in the incidence rates of gastrointestinal reactions,liver toxicity,cardiac toxicity,peripheral nervous toxicity and hand-foot syndrome,but there were no significant differences in the incidence rates of renal toxicity and myelosuppression between two groups.Conclusion RALOX is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with middle and advanced PLC,and is superior to FOLFOX 4 protocol in clinical efficacy with mild adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the early hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular responses in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase（CML-CP）and initially treated with a generic imatinib（Xinwei）, manufactured by Jiansu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.

METHODS107 newly diagnosed patients of CML-CP, whose ages were above 18- year- old and who had never received any tyrosine kinase inhibitor（TKI）were treated with Xinwei 400 mg QD. The hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular responses were assessed at 3- and 6-month, and adverse effects were evaluated throughout the study.

RESULTS107 patients were treated with Xinwei for at least 3 months, 54 of them were treated for 6 months or more. At 3- month, the complete hematologic responses（CHR）rate were 98.1%（105/107）; 47/57（82.5%） patients achieved major cytogenetic response（MCyR）, and 20/57 （35.1%） patients complete cytogenetic response（CCyR）; BCR- ABLIS was ≤10% in 77/106 patients （72.6%）, 11 of them（10.4%）achieved major molecular response（MMR, BCR-ABLIS was ≤0.1%）. At 6-month, the CHR rate was 100%（54/54）; 28/39 patients（71.8%）achieved CCyR; BCR-ABLIS was ≤1% in 37/54 patients （68.5% ）, 18 of them （33.3% ） achieved MMR. The grade Ⅲ leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia rates were 19.5%, 23.0% and 13.8%, respectively. No grade Ⅳ hematologic toxicity occurred. The common non- hematologic toxicities were edema（74.7%）, nausea（48.3%）, bone pain（42.5%）, rash（36.8%）, diarrhea（34.5%）, fever（23.0%）, cramp（11.5%）and impaired liver function （3.4%）. No patient experienced grade Ⅳ non- hematologic toxicity. No adverse effects related death occurred.

CONCLUSIONOur results revealed the excellent early haematology, cytogenetic and molecular responses and safety of Xinwei in treating patients with CML-CP.

Anemia ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Cytogenetics ; Drugs, Generic ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Prospective Studies ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Remission Induction ; Thrombocytopenia ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the effects of application of the new model of evidence-based land humanized nursing in patients with universal pustular psoriasis.Methods Divided 84 patients with universal pustular psoriasis into the experimental group (42 cases) and the control group (42 cases) randomly.Evidence-based questions were raised according to the requests about humanized nursing of patients in the experimental group,and then retrieved and screened literature,sought high-level evidence,combined with previous nursing experience,developed new evidence-based and humanized nursing programs and implemented in the experimental group.The control group used conventional care program.Two weeks after admission,pain,anxiety,depression degree and the complications of two groups were compared.Results Two weeks after admission,the patients with 0 to 5 levels of pain in the experimental group was 0,5,26,7,4 and 0 cases respectively,which in the control group was0,0,0,12,20 and 10 cases respectively,the difference was significant between the two groups (U=6.957,P＜0.01).Anxiety and depression scores in the experimental group was (41.35±4.30) and (42.55±7.71) respectively,which in the control group was (51.31±4.56) and(50.36±6.89) respectively,the difference were significant between the two groups (t=10.540 and 4.893,P＜0.01).Conclusions The new model of evidence-based and humanized nursing can effectively improve the effects of humanized nursing in patients with universal pustular psoriasis.