Objective To analyze the influencing factors of chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy based on living habits and cytochrome P4501A1(CYP1A1)gene polymorphism.Methods A total of 118 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy in our hospital from May 2023 to May 2024 were included in the chronic atrophic gastritis group,and another 120 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy during the same period were included in the chronic non-atrophic gastritis group.Clinical data,lifestyle,gastroscopy and CYP1A1 gene polymorphism were compared between the two groups.The risk factors of chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression,and the regression equation was established.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)was drawn to analyze the predictive value of the regression equation for the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis by gastroscopy.Results Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that Helicobacter pylori infection,family history of gastritis,fast eating,hot eating,insomnia,CYP1A1 genotype G/G were the risk factors for the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis by gastroscopy(P<0.05).The above factors were included in the regression equation:Logit(P)=-8.252+Helicobacter pylori infection×0.741+family history of gastritis×0.636+fast food×0.595+hot food×0.754+insomnia×0.791+CYP1A1 genotype G/G×0.752.According to the regression equation,ROC curve was drawn to predict the occurrence of chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy.The results showed that when Logit(P)>0.727,the sensitivity was 87.29%,the specificity was 86.67%,and the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.922.Conclusion The influencing factors of chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy include Helicobacter pylori infection,family history of gastritis,fast food,hot food,insomnia,CYP1A1 genotype G/G,the establishment of the regression equation is effective,which can lay a foundation for screening high-risk patients and formulating preventive interventions.

Objective To study the dynamic changes in the secretion of neurotransmitters glutamic acid(Glu)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in the central auditory brain area,in order to explore the effects of sodium salicy-late on different locations of the auditory pathway.Methods A total of 126 SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with salicylate,and were divided into 10 groups including injection groups for 1,2,4,8,and 24 hours,chronic in-jection groups for 3,7,and 14 days,and chronic recovery groups for 21 and 28 days with 6 rats in each group,as well as their corresponding blank control groups.Rats in each group were anesthetized and materials were collected for further use.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was performed to detect and compare the dynam-ic changes in the levels of Glu and GABA in the auditory cortex,inferior colliculus,cochlear nucleus,and hippocam-pus of the auditory center of rats in each group at different time points.Results Compared with the control group,within 24 hours of acute injection of salicylate,the Glu content in the auditory cortex reached the peak in 1 hour,and the hippocampus reached the peak at the 4th hour after injection,and then decreased slowly.The GABA con-tent in the four brain regions showed a slow upward trend in the chronic injection period,reached the peak on the 7th day,decreased and approached normal level on the 14th day,and basically returned to the normal level in the re-covery period.Conclusion These findings indicate that salicylate has a certain short-term excitatory and stimulating effect on the central auditory system.Under the mechanism of central plasticity,after long-term injection of salicy-late,the release of neurotransmitters reaches a new excitation/inhibition balance in the central area.Glu and GABA may each play a different role that may ultimately lead to the development of tinnitus.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy based on living habits and cytochrome P4501A1(CYP1A1)gene polymorphism.Methods A total of 118 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy in our hospital from May 2023 to May 2024 were included in the chronic atrophic gastritis group,and another 120 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy during the same period were included in the chronic non-atrophic gastritis group.Clinical data,lifestyle,gastroscopy and CYP1A1 gene polymorphism were compared between the two groups.The risk factors of chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression,and the regression equation was established.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)was drawn to analyze the predictive value of the regression equation for the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis by gastroscopy.Results Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that Helicobacter pylori infection,family history of gastritis,fast eating,hot eating,insomnia,CYP1A1 genotype G/G were the risk factors for the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis by gastroscopy(P<0.05).The above factors were included in the regression equation:Logit(P)=-8.252+Helicobacter pylori infection×0.741+family history of gastritis×0.636+fast food×0.595+hot food×0.754+insomnia×0.791+CYP1A1 genotype G/G×0.752.According to the regression equation,ROC curve was drawn to predict the occurrence of chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy.The results showed that when Logit(P)>0.727,the sensitivity was 87.29%,the specificity was 86.67%,and the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.922.Conclusion The influencing factors of chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy include Helicobacter pylori infection,family history of gastritis,fast food,hot food,insomnia,CYP1A1 genotype G/G,the establishment of the regression equation is effective,which can lay a foundation for screening high-risk patients and formulating preventive interventions.

Objective To study the dynamic changes in the secretion of neurotransmitters glutamic acid(Glu)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in the central auditory brain area,in order to explore the effects of sodium salicy-late on different locations of the auditory pathway.Methods A total of 126 SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with salicylate,and were divided into 10 groups including injection groups for 1,2,4,8,and 24 hours,chronic in-jection groups for 3,7,and 14 days,and chronic recovery groups for 21 and 28 days with 6 rats in each group,as well as their corresponding blank control groups.Rats in each group were anesthetized and materials were collected for further use.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was performed to detect and compare the dynam-ic changes in the levels of Glu and GABA in the auditory cortex,inferior colliculus,cochlear nucleus,and hippocam-pus of the auditory center of rats in each group at different time points.Results Compared with the control group,within 24 hours of acute injection of salicylate,the Glu content in the auditory cortex reached the peak in 1 hour,and the hippocampus reached the peak at the 4th hour after injection,and then decreased slowly.The GABA con-tent in the four brain regions showed a slow upward trend in the chronic injection period,reached the peak on the 7th day,decreased and approached normal level on the 14th day,and basically returned to the normal level in the re-covery period.Conclusion These findings indicate that salicylate has a certain short-term excitatory and stimulating effect on the central auditory system.Under the mechanism of central plasticity,after long-term injection of salicy-late,the release of neurotransmitters reaches a new excitation/inhibition balance in the central area.Glu and GABA may each play a different role that may ultimately lead to the development of tinnitus.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between diabetic nephropathy(DN)and diabetic retinopathy(DR)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on imaging and clinical testing data.Methods Totally 600 T2DM patients who visited the First People's Hospital of Ziyang from March 2021 to December 2022 were included.The fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography were performed on all these patients and their age,gender,T2DM duration,cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular disease,hypertension,smoking history,drinking history,body mass in-dex,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and other clinical data were collected.The levels of fasting blood glu-cose(FPG),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipo-protein cholesterol(LDL-C),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),24 h urinary albumin(UAlb),urinary albumin to creati-nine ratio(ACR),serum creatinine(Scr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with DR.DR staging was performed according to fundus images,and the convolutional neural network(CNN)algorithm was used as an image analysis method to explore the correlation between DR and DN based on emission computed tomography(ECT)and clinical testing data.Results The average lesion area rates of DR and DN detected by the CNN in the non-DR,mild-non-proliferative DR(NPDR),moderate-NPDR,severe-NPDR and pro-liferative DR(PDR)groups were higher than those obtained by the traditional algorithm(TCM).As DR worsened,the Scr,BUN,24 h UAlb and ACR gradually increased.Besides,the incidence of DN in the non-DR,mild-NPDR,moderate-NPDR,severe-NPDR and PDR groups was 1.67％,8.83％,16.16％,22.16％and 30.83％,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of T2DM,smoking history,HbA1c,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,24 h UAlb,Scr,BUN,ACR and glomerular filtration rate(GFR)were independent risk factors for DR.Renal dynamic ECT analysis demonstrated that with the aggravation of DR,renal blood flow perfusion gradually decreased,resulting in diminished renal filtration.Conclusion The application of CCN in the early stage DR and DN image analysis of T2DM patients will improve the diag-nosis accuracy of DR and DN lesion area.The DN is worsening as the aggravation of DR.

Objective:To study the composition and influencing factors of hospitalization expenses of patients with sequelae of ce-rebral infarction caused by the dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),so as to provide references for the fine management within the hospital and the medical insurance department to improve the payment policy suitable for the characteristics of TCM.Method:A total of 1 261 cases with ICD code 169.3 in the sample of tertiary traditional Chinese medicine hospitals from 2020 to 2022 were collected.Single factor analysis,correlation analysis,multiple linear stepwise regression and other methods were used to analyze the composition and main influencing factors of hospitalization expenses of patients with cerebral infarction sequelae.Re-sults:The average length of hospital stay of patients with sequelae of cerebral infarction was 16.71 days per time,the average hospi-talization cost was 24 148.83 yuan per time,and the proportion of TCM treatment cost per time was 54.43％.The results of stepwise regression showed that the length of stay,the condition of admission and the complication of pulmonary infection had a significant im-pact on the hospitalization expenses(P＜0.05),and the length of stay had the greatest impact.Conclusion:It is suggested that the hospital should optimize and improve the clinical pathway of TCM dominant diseases and establish an effective dynamic management mechanism,and the medical insurance department should improve the adjustment mechanism of the auxiliary list of TCM dominant diseases under the disease scoring payment.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to analyze the course and outcome of patients with combined entero-atmospheric fistulas in open abdomen treatment.Methods:In this retrospective observational study, we collected data on 214 patients with open abdomen complicated by entero-atmospheric fistulas admitted to Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School from January 2012 to January 2021. We collected their basic characteristics, aetiology, treatment plan, and prognosis, including the durations of hospitalization and open treatment, time to resumption of enteral nutrition, duration and prognosis of definitive surgery, and overall prognosis.Results:Of the 214 patients with open abdomen complicated with entero–enteral fistulas, 23 (10.7%) died (11 of multiple organ failure caused by abdominal infection, five of abdominal cavity bleeding, four of pulmonary infection, one of airway bleeding, one of necrotizing fasciitis, and one of traumatic brain injury). The remaining 191 underwent definitive surgery at our hospital. The patients who underwent definitive surgery were predominantly male (156 patients, 81.7%); their age was (46.5±2.5) years. Trauma and gastrointestinal tumors (120 cases, 62.8%) predominated among the primary causes. The reasons for abdominal opening were, in order, severe abdominal infection (137 cases, 71.7%, damage control surgery (29 cases, 15.2%), and abdominal hypertension (25 cases, 13.1%). Temporary abdominal closure measures were used to classify the participants into a skin-only suture group (104 cases) and a skin-implant group (87 cases). Compared with the skin-implant group, in the skin-suture-only group the proportion of male patients was lower (74.7% [65/87] vs. 87.5% [91/104], χ 2=5.176, P=0.023), the mean age was older ([48.3±2.0] years vs. [45.0±1.9] years, t=-11.671, P<0.001), there were fewer patients with trauma (32.2% [28 /87] vs. 58.7% [61/104), χ 2=13.337, P<0.001), intensive care stays were shorter ([8.9±1.0] days vs. [12.7±1.6] days, t=19.281, P<0.001), total length of stay was shorter ([29.3±2.0] days vs. [31.9±2.0] days, t=9.021, P<0.001), there was a higher percentage of colonic fistulas (18.4% [16/87] vs. 8.7% [9/104], χ 2=3.948, P=0.047), but fewer multiple fistulas (11.5% [10/87] vs. 34.6% [36/104], χ 2=14.440, P<0.001). As to fistula management, a higher percentage of fistula sealing methods using 3D-printed intestinal stents were implemented in the skin-only suture group (60.9% [53/87] versus 43.3% [45/104], χ 2=5.907, P=0.015). Compared with the implant group, the skin-only suture group had a shorter mean time to performing provisional closure ( [9.5±0.8] days vs. [16.0±0.6] days, t=66.023, P<0.001), shorter intervals to definitive surgery ( [165.0±10.7] days vs. [198.9±8.3] days, t=26.644, P<0.001), and less use of biopatches (56.3% [49/87) vs. 71.2% [74/104], χ 2=4.545, P=0.033). Conclusions:Open abdomen complicated with entero-enteral fistulas is more common in male, and is often caused by trauma and gastrointestinal tumor. Severe intra-abdominal infection is the major cause of open abdomen, and most fistulae involves the small intestine. Collection and retraction of intestinal fluid and 3D-printed entero-enteral fistula stent sealing followed by implantation and skin-only suturing is an effective means of managing entero-enteral fistulas complicating open abdominal cavity. Earlier closure of the abdominal cavity with skin-only sutures can shorten the time to definitive surgery and reduce the rate of utilization of biopatches.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to analyze the course and outcome of patients with combined entero-atmospheric fistulas in open abdomen treatment.Methods:In this retrospective observational study, we collected data on 214 patients with open abdomen complicated by entero-atmospheric fistulas admitted to Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School from January 2012 to January 2021. We collected their basic characteristics, aetiology, treatment plan, and prognosis, including the durations of hospitalization and open treatment, time to resumption of enteral nutrition, duration and prognosis of definitive surgery, and overall prognosis.Results:Of the 214 patients with open abdomen complicated with entero–enteral fistulas, 23 (10.7%) died (11 of multiple organ failure caused by abdominal infection, five of abdominal cavity bleeding, four of pulmonary infection, one of airway bleeding, one of necrotizing fasciitis, and one of traumatic brain injury). The remaining 191 underwent definitive surgery at our hospital. The patients who underwent definitive surgery were predominantly male (156 patients, 81.7%); their age was (46.5±2.5) years. Trauma and gastrointestinal tumors (120 cases, 62.8%) predominated among the primary causes. The reasons for abdominal opening were, in order, severe abdominal infection (137 cases, 71.7%, damage control surgery (29 cases, 15.2%), and abdominal hypertension (25 cases, 13.1%). Temporary abdominal closure measures were used to classify the participants into a skin-only suture group (104 cases) and a skin-implant group (87 cases). Compared with the skin-implant group, in the skin-suture-only group the proportion of male patients was lower (74.7% [65/87] vs. 87.5% [91/104], χ 2=5.176, P=0.023), the mean age was older ([48.3±2.0] years vs. [45.0±1.9] years, t=-11.671, P<0.001), there were fewer patients with trauma (32.2% [28 /87] vs. 58.7% [61/104), χ 2=13.337, P<0.001), intensive care stays were shorter ([8.9±1.0] days vs. [12.7±1.6] days, t=19.281, P<0.001), total length of stay was shorter ([29.3±2.0] days vs. [31.9±2.0] days, t=9.021, P<0.001), there was a higher percentage of colonic fistulas (18.4% [16/87] vs. 8.7% [9/104], χ 2=3.948, P=0.047), but fewer multiple fistulas (11.5% [10/87] vs. 34.6% [36/104], χ 2=14.440, P<0.001). As to fistula management, a higher percentage of fistula sealing methods using 3D-printed intestinal stents were implemented in the skin-only suture group (60.9% [53/87] versus 43.3% [45/104], χ 2=5.907, P=0.015). Compared with the implant group, the skin-only suture group had a shorter mean time to performing provisional closure ( [9.5±0.8] days vs. [16.0±0.6] days, t=66.023, P<0.001), shorter intervals to definitive surgery ( [165.0±10.7] days vs. [198.9±8.3] days, t=26.644, P<0.001), and less use of biopatches (56.3% [49/87) vs. 71.2% [74/104], χ 2=4.545, P=0.033). Conclusions:Open abdomen complicated with entero-enteral fistulas is more common in male, and is often caused by trauma and gastrointestinal tumor. Severe intra-abdominal infection is the major cause of open abdomen, and most fistulae involves the small intestine. Collection and retraction of intestinal fluid and 3D-printed entero-enteral fistula stent sealing followed by implantation and skin-only suturing is an effective means of managing entero-enteral fistulas complicating open abdominal cavity. Earlier closure of the abdominal cavity with skin-only sutures can shorten the time to definitive surgery and reduce the rate of utilization of biopatches.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between NOD-like receptors 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes mediated inflammatory response and the pathogenesis of depression, and to investigate the effect of fluoxetine on this process.Methods:120 male C57BL/6J (wild-type) mice were randomly divided into control group 1, control group 2, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group, and CUMS plus fluoxetine group. Another 30 male C57BL/6J (NLRP3-/-) mice were selected as NLRP3-/- group. Control group 1 and control group 2 had No treatment; CUMS group, CUMS plus fluoxetine group, and NLRP3-/- group were given chronic unpredictable mild stimulation for six weeks. After modeling, mice in control group 2 and CUMS plus fluoxetine group were intraperitoneally injected with fluoxetine (10 mg/(kg·d)). In contrast, mice in the other three groups were injected with the same amount of normal saline every day for four weeks. Behavioral tests were performed once a week before and after stress stimulation. Tail venous blood was drawn immediately before stress stimulation, three weeks later and six weeks after stress stimulation and was centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 10 min. The supernatant was kept and frozen for future use. Serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After drug intervention (10 mg/(kg·d) fluoxetine or the same volume of normal saline), the mice in each group underwent behavioral tests once a week. The results included the sugar water preference test, forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST). Tail venous blood was drawn from mice in each group at 1, 3, and 4 weeks after fluoxetine administration, and the supernatant was centrifuged and stored for later use. Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At the above time points, 5 mice in each group were sacrificed each time, and fresh hippocampal tissues were collected and stored at a low temperature. NLRP3, urinary winter peptidase (caspase-1), the induction of transcription factors-KB (nuclear factor-κB, NF-κB), IL-1β and the IL-18 in the hippocampus brain regions were detected by using Western Blot.Results:(1) Model establishment: After six weeks of CUMS, compared with control group 1 and control group 2, the sugar water consumption of mice in CUMS group and CUMS+fluoxetine group was significantly reduced, and the immobility time of FST and TST was significantly prolonged, which proved that the model establishment was successful. After CUMS, NLRP3-/- group mice did not show depression-like changes in FST, sugar water preference test, and TST, which indicated that the model failed to be established. (2) After intraperitoneal fluoxetine injection, there were no significant differences in sugar water consumption, FST and TST immobility time between control group 2 and control group 1 ( P>0.05), and the sugar water consumption of mice in CUMS plus fluoxetine group was significantly increased, compared with CUMS group ( P<0.05). The immobility time of FST and TST was significantly shortened ( P<0.05). (3) The results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that after stimulation of CUMS, compared with control group 1 and control group 2, the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in CUMS group and CUMS plus fluoxetine group were significantly increased ( P<0.05), while NLRP3-/- group had no significant change ( P>0.05). After fluoxetine administration, the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in CUMS plus fluoxetine group were significantly lower than those in CUMS group ( P<0.05). (4) Western blotting results showed that after stimulation of CUMS, compared with control group 1 and control group 2, mice brain hippocampus NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation and induction of transcription factors-κB (nuclear factor-κB, NF-κB), IL-1β, IL-18 expression significantly increased ( P<0.05) in CUMS and CUMS plus fluoxetine group. After fluoxetine treatment, mice brain hippocampus NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression in CUMS plus fluoxetine group had a significant reduction (restored to control 1 group by 99%, 91%, 97%, 95%, and 97% respectively). Conclusion:(1) CUMS may bring more NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression in mice hippocampus, which cannot be seen, in the NLRP3 gene knockout mice; (2) The fluoxetine treatment may significantly decrease the NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-18 expression on depressive model mice, and improve depressive behavior.

Objective:This study aims to reveal the special immune infiltrating environment and possible immune escape mechanism of giant cell tumor of bone through single-cell sequencing data.Methods:The fresh samples obtained from 4 patients with primary giant cell tumor of bone from January 2018 to December 2021 were collected, and single-cell transcriptome sequencing was performed on the 10X platform to explore the characteristics and immune environment of giant cell tumor of bone by using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding ( t-SNE). The main cell types and signal pathways of immune cell regulation and function in giant cell tumor of bone were observed by cell communication analysis. Results:Cell clustering, the definition of basic cell types, the classification of immune cells, and the mutual regulatory relationship between cell types were analyzed for 35 643 single-cell data from 4 giant cell tumor samples of bone. It was found that giant cell tumor of bone was composed of 9 basic cell types, in which the immune cells were mainly CD8 + T cells (51%) and the non-immune cells were mainly fibroblast like spindle stromal cells (74%). The immune infiltration of giant cell tumor of bone is dominated by cytotoxic CD8 + T cells and lacks exhausted CD8 + T cells. CD4 + T cells are characterized by high expression of immune checkpoint genes CTLA4 and TIGIT. In giant cell tumor of bone, immune cells mainly act on multinucleated osteoclast like giant cells through PARs and CCL signaling pathways, but not stromal cells. Conclusion:This study defined the main cell types of giant cell tumor of bone through single cell sequencing data, and further revealed the composition characteristics of its immune infiltration, and found that the target of its immune cells was mainly multinuclear osteoclast like giant cells, which provided effective information for further understanding the occurrence and development of giant cell tumor of bone.