Objective: To study the correlation between short sleep duration and screening myopia among primary and middle school students in Beijing, so as to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of myopia among students. Methods: Using a stratified cluster random sampling, 25 593 primary and middle school students from 16 districts of Beijing were selected from September to November 2023. The National Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Monitoring Survey Questionnaire was used to conduct a questionnaire survey, and visual acuity was tested according to the Specification for the Screening of Refractive Error in Primary and Middle School Students. The reporting rates of short sleep duration and detection rates of screening myopia among primary and middle school students were compared using the Chi square test. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between short sleep duration and screening myopia. Results: About 68.63% of students reported short sleep duration. There was a statistically significant difference in the reporting rate of short sleep duration among students in different school stages ( χ 2=981.18, P <0.01), with the lowest reporting rate of vocational high school students (47.07%) and the highest reporting rate of ordinary high school students (76.17%). The detection rates of screening myopia among primary school students ( 57.09% ) and middle school students (76.53%) who reported short sleep duration were higher than those who reported enough sleep duration (52.65%, 71.94%), with satistically significant differences ( χ 2=14.83, 17.96, P <0.01). The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that primary and middle school students with short sleep duration had a higher risk of developing screening myopia, compared to students with enough sleep duration ( OR =1.25); after adjusting for confounding factors such as educational stage, gender, region, boarding situation, primary and secondary school students with short sleep duration still had a higher risk of screening myopia ( OR =1.26) ( P <0.01). The analysis results stratified by educational stage showed that primary school students from grades 4-6 and middle school students with short sleep duration had a higher risk of screening myopia ( OR=1.18, 1.20, P <0.01). Conclusions Primary and secondary school students in Beijing with short sleep duration sleep have a higher risk of developing screening myopia. Families, schools, and society should ensure enough sleep duration to reduce the occurrence of myopia among students.

Objective: To analyze the incidence of statutory and keymonitored infectious diseases among school students in Beijing from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide a reference for developing the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools. Methods: A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on student cases aged 6-22 years in Beijing from 2016 to 2020 selected from the China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System. Rate comparisons were performed using the 2 test and trend 2 test. Results: From 2016 to 2020, the overall incidence of statutory and keymonitored infectious diseases among students in Beijing showed an upward trend (χ2trend=582.42), the incidence rates of Category B and other infectious diseases exhibited a downward trend (χ2trend=82.71, 18.34), while Category C infectious diseases demonstrated a significant upward trend (χ2trend=911.75) (P<0.01). Among Category B infectious diseases, scarlet fever, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS were predominant, with annual average incidence rates of 61.33/100 000, 35.38/100 000, 13.88/100 000, and 3.78/100 000, respectively. Except for HIV/AIDS, the reported incidence rates of other infectious diseases showed a declining trend. Among Category C infectious diseases, influenza, other infectious diarrhea, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps were predominant, with annual average incidence rates of 956.13/100 000, 114.39/100 000, 111.37/100 000, and 28.24/100 000, respectively. Influenza showed a significant upward trend (χ2trend=1 508.30), while the other infectious diarrhea, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps exhibited a downward trend (χ2trend=13.84, 25.78, 6.13) (P<0.05). Among other infectious diseases, varicella was predominant (χ2trend=17.47, P<0.05). Scarlet fever, influenza, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps had higher incidence rates among primary and middle school students; other infectious diarrhea and varicella were more prevalent among high school students; tuberculosis and bacillary dysentery were more common among high school and college students; and HIV/AIDS had higher incidence rates among college and high school students. Conclusion From 2016 to 2020, the incidence of Category B infectious diseases among students in Beijing showed a declining trend, while influenza, a Category C infectious disease, exhibited a significant upward trend.

Objective:To explore the genetic characteristics of a child with 18q terminal deletion syndrome.Methods:Clinical data of a child presented at the Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital on July 20, 2023 was collected. Peripheral blood sample from the child was subjected to G-banded chromosomal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Relevant literature was searched from CNKI, WanFang and PubMed databases over the past decade (from November 1, 2013 to November 1, 2023) using keywords including "18q-syndrome", "18q deletion syndrome" and "18q terminal deletion". This study was approved by Medical Ethics Committee of the Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Ethics No. LYG-MER2021017).Results:The child, a 4-year-and-6-month-old female, had manifested short stature, intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, aortic regurgitation, auditory canal atresia, and white matter lesions. She was found to have a karyotype of 46, XX, del(18)(q21), whilst the result of CMA was arr[GRCh37]18q21.33q23(60065821_77317445)×1. Both of her parents were found to have a normal karyotype. Literature review has retrieved 7 reports which involved 11 cases with a terminal 18q23 deletion. The phenotypes of cardiac abnormalities have been diverse, with pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect being most common.Conclusion:The 18q terminal deletion probably underlay the multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation in this child.

Objective To study the effect of pain on the lumbar and hip joint moments in patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH)while sitting and standing.Methods Dynamic data from 20 healthy controls and 20 patients with LDH were collected using an AMTI dynamometer.The differences in moments between the lumbar spine and hip joints in the sagittal and coronal planes for the two groups of subjects performing sitting-standing tasks were analyzed using statistical parameter mapping(SPM).Results Compared to the healthy control group,the LDH group showed a significant increase in the maximum lumbar flexion moment and the maximum hip adduction moment from standing to sitting(P＜0.05).SPM analysis showed that during the initial phase of standing(37％-42％),the hip abduction moment of the LDH group was significantly greater than that of the healthy control group(P=0.007).Conclusions Subjects with LDH have an unstable lumbar spine and pelvis during sitting and standing,especially at the stationary stage,which makes it difficult to achieve balance in their body.Therefore,increasing the hip abduction moment is necessary to maintain pelvic stability.During clinical evaluation and treatment,emphasis should be placed on the stable function of the spine and pelvis.

The biological clock(also known as the circadian rhythm)is the fundamental reliance for all organisms on Earth to adapt and survive in the Earth's rotation environment.Circadian rhythm is the most basic regulatory mechanism of life activities,and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological and biochemical homeostasis,disease occurrence and treatment.Recent studies have shown that the biologi-cal clock plays an important role in the development of oral tissues and in the occurrence and treatment of oral diseases.Since there is cur-rently no guiding literature on the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,researchers mainly conduct research based on pub-lished references,which has led to controversy about the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,and there are many confusions about how to rationally apply the research methods of circadia rhythms.In view of this,this expert consensus summarizes the characteristics of the biological clock and analyzes the shortcomings of the current biological clock research in stomatology,and organizes relevant experts to summarize and recommend 10 principles as a reference for the rational implementation of the biological clock in stomatology research.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of clinical pregnancy outcomes in patients with hydrosalpinx undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET) after interventional embolization and whether residual hydrops has an adverse impact on pregnancy outcomes.Methods:Clinical data from 65 patients who underwent interventional embolization and IVF-ET for hydrosalpinx at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2021 to October 2022 were collected retrospectively. The hydrops index was quantified by the ratio of the widest diameter to the pelvic transverse diameter of the intraoperative hydrops, and the patient′s age, body mass index(BMI), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), lutenizing hormine(LH), estradiol(E2), automated matetials hangling(AMH), endometrial thickness at the time of transplantation, the number of transplanted embryos, embryo type, and location of the hydrosalpinx were recorded. In addition, the clinical pregnancy outcomes of the first transplantation after embolization were followed. Two independent samples t-test, rank sum test and chi-square test were used to analyze the difference of the above indexes among different clinical pregnancy outcomes by SPSS 25.0. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Youden index were used to calculate the cut-off value of the water accumulation index. Results:Among 65 patients, the clinical pregnancy rate was 63.1%(41/65), among the 45 patients who underwent embryo transfer before embolization without success, the clinical pregnancy rate after embolization was 62.2%(28/45). Based on data analysis, it showed that IVF-ET clinical pregnancy outcomes were not associated with age, BMI, FSH, LH, E2, AMH, endometrial thickness at the time of transplantation, the number of transplanted embryos, embryo type, as well as location of hydrosalpinx( P>0.05), but associated with hydrosalpinx index( P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the hydrops index could be used as a predictor of pregnancy outcome, and the area under the curve was 0.825, and the optimal cut-off value of the hydrops index was 12.925% based on the Youden index analysis result. Conclusions:Interventional embolization of hydrosalpinx may improve clinical pregnancy rates. When the hydrosalpinx is large enough, it could adversely affected IVF-ET clinical pregnancy, and further aspiration of hydrosalpinx should be performed prior to transplantation.

Objective: To analyze high myopia and dioptre changes in middle school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2022, so as to provide a basis for formulating preventive and control measures. Methods: Using stratified cluster random sampling, 16 districts of Beijing were divided into four groups, each of which was respectively composed of 83, 83, 84, and 84 middle schools, in order to examine non cycloplegic auto refraction among the senior grades 1 to 3 students from September to October in each year (from 2019 to 2022). Finally, the dataset results of each of the four groups (21 589, 21 161, 21 561, 21 123) were compared by the Chi square test and trend Chi square test. Trend changes were evaluated by annual percentage change (APC). Results: The rates of high myopia were higher in female students than in males from 2019 to 2022 (15.60%,14.59%; 15.33%, 14.44%; 14.65 %, 14.17%; 14.63%,13.84%), and the difference in 2019 was statistically significant ( χ 2=4.93, P <0.05). The rates of high myopia in middle school students in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas(16.45%, 13.78%; 16.81 %, 13.00%; 15.84%, 13.06%; 15.85%, 12.72%), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=30.18, 60.43, 33.92 , 42.23, P <0.05). With the increase of grade, the rates of high myopia increased ( χ 2 trend =674.56, 608.38, 655.21, 676.89, P <0.05), with junior grade 3 students being the most robust. The rate of high myopia in middle school students from 2019 to 2022 decreased from 15.09 to 14.22%, with an average annual rate of 2.08% ( APC=-2.08, t=-7.99, P ＜0.05). The refractive error of high myopia middle school students in 2019 and 2022 were -7.44(-10.25, -6.00) and -7.38(-10.00, -6.00)D, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( H=4.30, P >0.05). Conclusions The rate of high myopia in middle school students in Beijing shows a decreasing trend, but it remains at a high level. It is necessary to classify the prevention and control strategy, and standardize the measures in order to manage early onset, high incidence rates, and severe myopia.

Objective: To explore the association between parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age with myopia among lower grade students, so as to provide evidence for myopia prevention on low grade students. Methods: From November 2020 to June 2022, a total of 8 368 students of grade 1-3 were selected from Beijing, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Henan, Chongqing, Shaanxi Province by the stratified cluster random sampling and probability sampling methods, and were administered with a questionnaire survey and eye examinations. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age with myopia among lower grade students. Results: The prevalence of myopia in grade 1-3 was 23.7% in 6 provinces in China. Students who in central area, grade 3, boarding at school, doing homework/reading/writing time ≥1 h/d after school, extracurricular activities ≥1 h in the past week, extracurricular activities before school age, parental myopia, poor reading and writing posture, sleeping time <10 h/d, less exercise time because of homework or extracurricular activities, having annual vision examination had a higher myopia detection rate, with statistically significant differences ( χ 2=36.41, 487.72, 15.97, 21.35, 43.95, 15.33, 54.04, 6.67, 3.88, 20.02, 20.06, P <0.05). After adjusted for the confounding factors, there was a significant interaction between parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age with myopia ( P interaction <0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, Logistic regression analysis showed that those having extracurricular activities before school age had a higher risk of myopia ( OR=1.33, 95%CI =1.19-1.56), compared with those who did not. Compared with children without nearsighted parents, children with nearsighted parents had higher prevalence of myopia ( OR=1.64, 95%CI = 1.45- 1.84) ( P <0.05); and the values of indicators ( RERI, API, Index S ) for interaction between parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age were 0.35, 0.27, 1.37, respectively. Conclusion Both parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age are associated with myopia among lower grade students, with interactive effects.

Abstract Biomarkers could improve the understanding of the causes of obesity and its association with chronic diseases for people. The purpose of the review is to summarize recent advances in transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic phenotypic biomarkers of obesity in order to deepen the understanding of the etiology of obesity and its metabolic consequences. In the precise prevention and control of childhood obesity, different groups of biomarkers can improve the accuracy of the word "obesity" and help early detection of specific biomarkers with risk characteristics, so as to realize the transformation of childhood obesity from a one size fits all prevention and control strategy to a personalized prevention and control plan during the development of obesity.

Objective:To construct the quality evaluation scale of specification of management for humanistic caring in outpatients and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Referring to the group standards in Specification of Management for Humanistic Caring in Outpatients released by the China Association for Life Care,as well as relevant guidelines and literature,a pool of items for the quality evaluation scale of specification of management for humanistic caring in outpatients was formed.After expert consultation and expert argumentation,a quality evaluation scale of specification of management for humanistic caring in outpatients was constructed.From January to February 2024,243 hospital managers from 5 hospitals in Zhengzhou were selected as survey subjects to conduct item analysis,and reliability and validity testing on the scale.Results:Two rounds of expert inquiry and two rounds of expert argumentation were conducted,with questionnaire response rates of 92.00%and 100.00%,respectively,and expert authority coefficients of 0.952.In the second round of the expert inquiry scale,the mean importance score of the first-level indicators was 4.80 to 5.00,the full score ratio was 88.00%to 100.00%,the coefficient of variation was 0.04 to 0.17,and Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.857(P＜0.001);the mean importance score of the second-level indicators was 4.60 to 5.00,the full score ratio was 80.00%to 100.00%,the coefficient of variation was 0.00 to 0.21,and Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.775(P＜0.001);the mean importance score of the third-level indicators was 4.60 to 5.00,the full score ratio was 76.00%to 100.00%,the coefficient of variation was 0.00 to 0.21,and Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.830(P＜0.001).Finally,a quality evaluation scale of specification of management for humanistic caring in outpatients was formed,including 5 first-level indicators,25 second-level indicators,and 58 third-level indicators.Exploratory factor analysis produced 5 common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.628%.The Pearson correlation coefficients between the five-factor scores ranged from 0.648 to 0.798,and the correlation coefficients between the factor scores and the total score of the scale ranged from 0.784 to 0.938.The scale-level content validity index(S-CVI)of the scale was 0.945,the item-content validity index(I-CVI)was 0.725 to 1.000,the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total scale was 0.973,and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.934.Conclusion:The constructed quality evaluation scale of specification of management for humanistic caring in outpatients has good scientific validity and reliability,and can be used as an evaluation tool for specification of management for humanistic caring in outpatients.