Objective:Based on the investigation on the advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)participation in the field of basic public health services,exploring how TCM participates in public health.Methods:It searched for policies related to basic public health services and conducted a questionnaire survey on 2 995 people working in public health-related jobs in Beijing to conduct an empirical study on the advantages of Chinese medicine and the current status of participation.Results:2 982 valid questionnaires were collected,and practitioners in the field of public health services in Beijing had a high level of attention and recognition towards the participation of TCM.TCM is generally considered to have obvious advantages in basic public health services such as responding to epidemics,preventing and treating chronic diseases,and managing the health of Children 0-6 Years and the elderly.However,TCM shows overall shortcomings in emphasis,talent allocation,infrastructure construction,public perception and resource balance.Conclusion:To play the ascendant role and enhance the service capacity of TCM,basic public health services can be further developed by optimizing mechanisms related to the participation of TCM in disease prevention and control,chronic disease management,children's,and elderly health management.Basic public health services can enhance the service capacity of TCM from several aspects such as increasing financial support,strengthening the cultivation and management of TCM talents,and emphasizing grassroots and balanced resource allocation of TCM.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the development of biological scaffold materials and bioprinting technology,tissue-engineered bone has become a research hotspot in bone defect repair. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current treatment methods for bone defects,summarize the biomaterials and bioprinting technology for preparing tissue-engineered bone scaffolds,and explore the application of biomaterials and printing technology in tissue engineering and the current challenges. METHODS:Search terms were"bone defect,tissue engineering,biomaterials,3D printing technology,4D printing technology,bioprinting,biological scaffold,bone repair"in Chinese and English.Relevant documents published from January 1,2009 to December 1,2022 were retrieved on CNKI,PubMed and Web of Science databases.After being screened by the first author,high-quality references were added.A total of 93 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The main treatment methods for bone defects include bone transplantation,membrane-guided regeneration,gene therapy,bone tissue engineering,etc.The best treatment method is still uncertain.Bone tissue engineering technology is a new technology for the treatment of bone defects.It has become the focus of current research by constructing three-dimensional structures that can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and enhance the ability of bone formation.Biological scaffold materials are diverse,with their characteristics,advantages and disadvantages.A single biological material cannot meet the demand for tissue-engineered bone for the scaffold.Usually,multiple materials are combined to complement each other,which is to meet the demand for mechanical properties while taking into account the biological properties of the scaffold.Bioprinting technology can adjust the pore of the scaffold,build a complex spatial structure,and is more conducive to cell adhesion,proliferation and differentiation.The emerging 4D printing technology introduces"time"as the fourth dimension to make the prepared scaffold dynamic.With the synchronous development of smart materials,4D printing technology provides the possibility of efficient repair of bone defects in the future.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of physical and chemical water improvement areas of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, as well as the use of household water purifiers.Methods:From April to October 2021, a survey was conducted in a drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where physical and chemical water improvement was carried out. The survey included the basic situation of the affected villages (number of permanent households, number of permanent residents, historical water fluoride content) and the use of residential water purifiers. Household peripheral water samples were collected to test the water fluoride content. Water purifier installation rate, normal usage rate, qualified water fluoride rate in normal usage, and the proportion of households covered by filter replacement departments were calculated.Results:In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the physical and chemical water improvement areas of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis were distributed in 2 735 villages in 11 leagues (cities) throughout the region, with 192 950 permanent households and 540 216 permanent residents. The average historical water fluoride content in all leagues (cities) was 2.18 mg/L, and the current average water fluoride content was 0.40 mg/L. A total of 134 763 water purifiers were installed, with an installation rate of 69.84% (134 763/192 950). A total of 10 773 households were surveyed, with 10 396 households using water purifiers normally and a normal usage rate of 96.50% (10 396/10 773). Among them, 10 158 households had qualified water fluoride of normal usage, with a qualified water fluoride rate of 97.71% (10 158/10 396). Of the 10 396 households using water purifiers normally, 3 974 households (38.23%) had filter cartridges used within one year, and 3 961 households had qualified water fluoride, with a qualified rate of water fluoride of 99.67% (3 961/3 974). Six thousand four hundred and twenty-two households (61.77%) had filter cartridges used for more than one year, with 6 197 households had qualified water fluoride and a qualified rate of water fluoride of 96.50% (6 197/6 422). There was a statistically significant difference in the qualified rate of water fluoride between purifiers with different filter cartridge usage times (χ 2 = 110.73, P < 0.001). Among the 10 773 surveyed households, the filter cartridges replacement department covered 10 470 households, accounting for 97.19% (10 470/10 773). Conclusions:In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the physical and chemical water improvement areas of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis are widely distributed, and the normal usage rate of household water purifiers is relatively high. The qualified rate of water fluoride in household water purifiers with filter cartridges used for more than one year is low.

Objective:To investigate the arsenic metabolism pattern and possible influencing factors in the population in drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning (drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning for short) areas.Methods:In December 2004, a cluster sampling method was used to select arsenic poisoning population (arsenic poisoning group) and healthy population (control group) in drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning area of Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the survey subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted. Arsenic content in drinking water at home of survey subjects, the levels of urinary arsenic and its metabolites, including [trivalent arsenic (As Ⅲ), inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic acid (pentavalent, MMA V), dimethylarsenic acid (pentavalent, DMA V), total arsenic (tAs), percentage of inorganic arsenic (iAs%), percentage of monomethylarsenic acid (MMA%), percentage of dimethylarsenic acid (DMA%), primary methylation index (PMI), secondary methylation index (SMI)] were tested using high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; nail arsenic and nail selenium levels were tested using atomic fluorescence spectrometer. The influencing factors of arsenic metabolism pattern were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results:A total of 536 survey subjects were included, including 155 individuals in the arsenic poisoning group and 381 in the control group. The water arsenic level ranged from 0.0 to 825.7 μg/L. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the distribution of gender, education level and dental fluorosis in the arsenic poisoning group ( P > 0.05), but there were significant differences in the distribution of age, marital status, smoking, drinking and water arsenic ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of urinary As Ⅲ, iAs, MMA V, DMA V, tAs, MMA%, MMA/DMA and nail arsenic in the arsenic poisoning group were higher ( P < 0.05), while the levels of urinary DMA%, SMI and nail selenium were lower ( P < 0.05); but there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of urinary iAs% and PMI ( P > 0.05). Gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary As Ⅲ (β = - 19.82, - 23.83, 0.61, 0.21, 7.26, 2.98, P < 0.05). Age, depth of wells, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary tAs (β = 3.18, 3.25, 1.31, 15.59, P < 0.05). Gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary iAs (β = - 20.47, - 25.90, 0.64, 0.25, 7.87, 3.11, P < 0.05). Age, gender, education level, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary MMA V (β = 0.52, - 17.07, - 21.84, 0.22, 2.77, P < 0.05). Age, depth of wells, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary DMA V (β = 2.35, 2.47, 0.85, 9.22, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with healthy individuals, there are differences in arsenic metabolism pattern among individuals with drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning. Age, gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic may be influencing factors of different arsenic metabolism patterns.

Objective:To explore the effect and safety of local spraying tranexamic acid after thyroidectomy.Methods:Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study method was used. Sixty-four patients underwent scheduled thyroidectomy from December 2022 to August 2023 in Baotou Cancer Hospital were selected. The patients were divided into tranexamic acid group and control group by random digits table method with 32 cases each. Before closing the wound during surgery, 16 ml of tranexamic acid injection with concentration of 25 mg/ml was used to wash the wound and 1 ml of tranexamic acid injection (tranexamic acid 100 mg) used to locally spray in tranexamic acid group; 16 ml of the sterile water for injection was used to wash the wound and 1 ml of sterile water for injection was used locally spray in control group, and then the drainage tube was clipped for 20 min. The neck drainage volume on the first to fourth day after surgery and complication were recorded; the C-reactive protein level before and after surgery was detected.Results:Two patients in each group withdrew from the study midway. The drainage volume on the first, second and third day and total drainage volume in tranexamic acid group were significantly lower than those in control group: (29.10 ± 8.04) ml vs. (38.50 ± 8.67) ml, (18.00 ± 7.33) ml vs. (27.20 ± 10.66) ml, (10.70 ± 5.75) ml vs. (14.60 ± 6.83) ml and (69.20 ± 24.48) ml vs. (96.70 ± 31.90) ml, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01); there was no statistical difference in the drainage volume on the fourth day after surgery between two groups ( P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in C-reactive protein before and after surgery between two groups ( P>0.05). There was 1 case of fever (body temperature 37.5 ℃) in the control group, and there were no complications such as intermuscular thrombosis, venous thrombosis, incision infection and delayed wound healing in both groups. Conclusions:Local application of tranexamic acid after thyroidectomy can reduce postoperative drainage volume and does not increase the risk of thrombosis, infection and delayed healing.

TCM, as a traditional medical science in China, has received strong support from the country in recent years. Although TCM services are on the rise under the promotion of the government, there is still the problem of unreasonable resource allocation. In this article, the entropy weight TOPSIS method, Theil Index and Moran Index were used to analyze the TCM resources from 2016 to 2021. It is believed that the comprehensive score of China's current TCM resource allocation is not high, and Sichuan, Beijing, Chongqing, Zhejiang, and Inner Mongolia rank relatively high; the TCM resources of were distributed spatially; the imbalance in resource allocation mainly comes from the differences between provinces (cities); it is suggested to intensify the scientific planning of TCM, comprehensively develop the TCM cause according to local conditions, and improve the efficiency of resource utilization.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the outcome of skin injury and urinary arsenic methylation metabolism levels in people exposed to arsenic through drinking water.Methods:Using cluster sampling method, permanent residents from drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning areas in Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as survey subjects in 2004 (before water improvement). In 2017 (after water improvement), 74 survey subjects from 2004 were tracked and followed up. Urine samples were collected from survey subjects and high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to detect the levels of arsenic methylation metabolites in urine. According to the "Diagnosis of Endemic Arsenic Poisoning" (WS/T 211-2015), the clinical grading (normal, suspicious, mild, moderate and severe) of skin injury of the survey subjects and the outcome of 2017 (improved, unchanged, aggravated) were assessed. A database was established and SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:The clinical grading ratios of skin injuries among survey subjects in 2004 and 2017 were compared, the differences were statistically significant (normal, suspicious, mild, moderate and severe: 38, 18, 4, 14 cases in 2004 and 27, 31, 3, 13 cases in 2017, χ 2 = 53.02, P < 0.001). Compared with 2004, in 2017, the levels of total arsenic (tAs), inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic (MMA), dimethylarsenic (DMA), percentage of inorganic arsenic (iAs%), and ratio of monomethylarsenic to dimethylarsenic (MMA/DMA) in the urine of survey subjects were low, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = - 8.24, - 9.07, - 7.81, - 8.04, - 8.24, - 3.56, P < 0.001). The levels of dimethylarsenic percentage (DMA%), monomethylation rate (PMI) and dimethylation rate (SMI) were higher, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = - 6.39, - 8.24, - 3.52, P < 0.001). In 2004, patients with different clinical grading of skin injuries had different outcomes in 2017 (χ 2 = 30.80, P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in tAs, iAs, MMA and DMA variation in urine among skin injury patients with different outcomes ( H = 10.62, 9.35, 8.80, 9.13, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Improving water can significantly reduce the levels of tAs, iAs, MMA, and DMA in the urine of arsenic exposed individuals. The outcome of skin injury in individuals exposed to arsenic through drinking water is related to the variation of urinary arsenic methylation metabolites tAs, iAs, MMA, and DMA.

Objective to establish a combined diagnosis model of scleroderma related genes based on gene expression comprehensive database(GEO)and artificial neural network(ANN)and to evaluate its effect and to predict and analyze targeted traditional Chinese medicine.Methods two scleroderma chips GSE23741 and GSE95065 were obtained from the GEO database as the training group data set.Random forest and lasso regression algorithms were used to screen the key genes of scleroderma and construct the ANN model for the diagnosis of scleroderma.The validation data sets GSE76807,GSE32413 and GSE59785 were used to verify the model,and the area under curve(AUC)analysis was used to evaluate the clinical application value of ANN model.The relative expression of key gene mRNA was verified by RT-qPCR experiment.The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate the bioinformatics association between scleroderma and the screened biomarkers.Finally,the key genes were used to screen the targeted traditional Chinese medicine.Results A total of 167 differential genes were obtained.Furthermore,the five most relevant key genes(SERPINE2,SFRP4,SUGCT,FBLN5,NRXN2)were screened by machine learning,and the artificial neural network diagnosis model was constructed.The model was used to draw the subject operating characteristic(ROC)curves diagnosed by the training group and the verification group,and the AUC value of the training group was 1.000.The AUC of verification group were 0.770,0.795 and 0.872 respectively.The result of RT-qPCR experiment is consistent with that of machine learning algorithm.Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that the relative content of memory CD4+T cells was significantly increased in scleroderma group,while the relative content of γ δ T cells in normal group was significantly increased.Key genes are associated with macrophage M1,T cells,memory activated CD4+T cells,resting mast cells,CD8+T cells and so on.According to the key genes,12 traditional Chinese medicines were screened.Most of the four qi and five flavors belong to warm,cold,flat,sweet,pungent and bitter,and most of them belong to the meridians of liver,spleen and lung.Conclusion the artificial neural network diagnosis model of key genes of scleroderma is constructed,which can be used in clinical diagnosis of scleroderma,and the potential targeted traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of scleroderma is predicted,which provides a new perspective for exploring the pathogenesis of scleroderma.

Objective:Based on the investigation on the advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)participation in the field of basic public health services,exploring how TCM participates in public health.Methods:It searched for policies related to basic public health services and conducted a questionnaire survey on 2 995 people working in public health-related jobs in Beijing to conduct an empirical study on the advantages of Chinese medicine and the current status of participation.Results:2 982 valid questionnaires were collected,and practitioners in the field of public health services in Beijing had a high level of attention and recognition towards the participation of TCM.TCM is generally considered to have obvious advantages in basic public health services such as responding to epidemics,preventing and treating chronic diseases,and managing the health of Children 0-6 Years and the elderly.However,TCM shows overall shortcomings in emphasis,talent allocation,infrastructure construction,public perception and resource balance.Conclusion:To play the ascendant role and enhance the service capacity of TCM,basic public health services can be further developed by optimizing mechanisms related to the participation of TCM in disease prevention and control,chronic disease management,children's,and elderly health management.Basic public health services can enhance the service capacity of TCM from several aspects such as increasing financial support,strengthening the cultivation and management of TCM talents,and emphasizing grassroots and balanced resource allocation of TCM.

Objective:Based on the investigation on the advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)participation in the field of basic public health services,exploring how TCM participates in public health.Methods:It searched for policies related to basic public health services and conducted a questionnaire survey on 2 995 people working in public health-related jobs in Beijing to conduct an empirical study on the advantages of Chinese medicine and the current status of participation.Results:2 982 valid questionnaires were collected,and practitioners in the field of public health services in Beijing had a high level of attention and recognition towards the participation of TCM.TCM is generally considered to have obvious advantages in basic public health services such as responding to epidemics,preventing and treating chronic diseases,and managing the health of Children 0-6 Years and the elderly.However,TCM shows overall shortcomings in emphasis,talent allocation,infrastructure construction,public perception and resource balance.Conclusion:To play the ascendant role and enhance the service capacity of TCM,basic public health services can be further developed by optimizing mechanisms related to the participation of TCM in disease prevention and control,chronic disease management,children's,and elderly health management.Basic public health services can enhance the service capacity of TCM from several aspects such as increasing financial support,strengthening the cultivation and management of TCM talents,and emphasizing grassroots and balanced resource allocation of TCM.