In recent years, research on stem cell therapy in the field of lung transplantation has gradually increased, demonstrating its potential in improving the outcomes of lung transplantation. As a treatment option for end-stage lung diseases, lung transplantation faces challenges such as scarcity of donor organs, postoperative complications and rejection. Stem cells, with their self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation capabilities, have emerged as strong candidates for alternative or adjunctive treatments. Current studies show that embryonic stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells play significant roles in lung tissue regeneration and immune regulation. However, stem cell therapy still needs to overcome issues such as the selection of cell sources, low survival rates after transplantation and unclear long-term efficacy in clinical applications. Future research should focus on exploring new stem cell sources, improving transplantation techniques and establishing efficacy evaluation systems.

PURPOSE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue that impacts individuals all over the world and is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. Decompressive craniectomy is the usual course of treatment. Basal cisternostomy has been shown to be highly effective as an alternative procedure to decompressive craniectomy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort of patients who received surgery for severe TBI between January 2019 and March 2023. Inclusion criterias were patients between the ages of 18 and 70 years who met the diagnostic criteria for severe TBI at first presentation and who underwent surgical intervention. The exclusion criteria were patients who have severe multiple injuries at the time of admission; preoperative intracranial pressure > 60 mmHg; cognitive impairment before the onset of the disease; hematologic disorders; or impaired functioning of the heart, liver, kidneys, or other visceral organs. Depending on the surgical approach, the patients were categorized into decompressive craniectomy group as well as basal cisternostomy group. General data and postoperative indicators, including Glasgow coma scale, intracranial pressure, etc., were recorded for both groups of patients. Among them, the Glasgow outcome scale extended assessment at 6 months served as the primary outcome. After that, the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS: The trial enrolled 41 patients (32 men and 9 women) who met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 25 patients received decompressive decompressive craniectomy, and 16 patients received basal cisternostomy. Three days postoperative intracranial pressure levels were 10.07 ± 2.94 mmHg and 17.15 ± 14.65 mmHg (p = 0.013), respectively. The 6 months following discharge Glasgow outcome scale extended of patients was 4.73 ± 2.28 and 3.14 ± 2.15 (p = 0.027), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that basal cisternostomy in patients with surgically treated severe TBI has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing intracranial pressure as well as patient prognosis follow-up and avoids removal of the bone flap. The efficacy of cisternostomy has to be studied in larger, multi-clinical center randomized trials.
Humans ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Decompressive Craniectomy/methods* ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Treatment Outcome

Lysosomes represent a promising target for cancer therapy and reducing drug resistance. However, the short treatment time and low efficiency of lysosomal targeting have limited the application in lysosome-targeting anticancer drugs. In this study, we proposed an adhesive-bandage approach and synthesized a new lysosomal targeting drug, namely long-term lysosome-targeting anticancer drug (LLAD). It contains a SLC38A9-targeting covalently bound moiety and an alkaline component both to prolong the inhibition of SLC38A9 in lysosomes and alkalinize lysosomes. Upon short term and low-dose treatment of HeLa cells, at passage 0, with LLAD, it rapidly alkalinized lysosomes and also can be detected in lysosomes even at passage 15. LLAD induced apoptosis in HeLa cells through long-term lysosomal damage, and showed better long-term anticancer effect than cisplatin in vivo. Overall, our study paves the way for developing long-term lysosomal targeting drugs to treat cancer and overcome the drug resistance of cancer cells, and also provides a candidate drug, LLAD, for treating cancer.

[Purpose]To analyze the prevalence characteristics and disease burden of lung cancer in Hebei cancer registration areas from 2012 to 2020.[Methods]Lung cancer data were collected from the Hebei Provincial Cancer Registry from 2012 to 2020.The crude incidence/mortality rates,age-standardized incidence/mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC)and by world standard population(ASIRW/ASMRW)were calculated.The Joinpoint model was used to calculate the annual percentage change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC).Years of life lost(YLL)and years lived with disability(YLD)and the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)were calculated.[Results]From 2012 to 2020,the ASIRW of lung cancer in Hebei can-cer registration areas was 33.13/105,44.56/105 for men and 22.54/105 for women,respectively;the incidence rates of urban and rural areas were 29.05/105 and 33.52/105,respectively.The incidence rates increased with ages,reaching a peak in the age group of 80～84 years old.There was a de-creasing trend in the ASIRW of lung cancer(AAPC=-3.99％,P＜0.05).From 2012 to 2020,the ASMRW of lung cancer was 25.80/105,36.56/105 for men and 15.96/105 for women,respectively;the mortality rates of urban and rural areas were 25.14/105 and 26.12/105,respectively.The mor-tality rates increase with ages,reaching a peak in the age group of 85 and above years old.There was a decreasing trend in the mortality of lung cancer(AAPC=-4.65％,P＜0.001)from 2012 to 2020.The DALY of lung cancer in Hebei Province from 2012 to 2020 was 484 194 person-years,with male accounting for 66.77％,female accounted for 33.23％,the DALY rate of lung cancer was 3.31‰,of which 35.57％in urban areas and 64.43％in rural areas.[Conclusion]Lung can-cer incidence and mortality rate in Hebei cancer registration areas from 2012 to 2020 showed a decreasing trend.The disease burden is gradually increasing with age in middle-aged and el-derly population.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection on colorectal adenoma(CRA)recurrence after polypectomy and to study other potential prognosis factors associated with CRA recurrence.Methods This single-centered retrospective cohort study included 808 patients with CRA who underwent colonoscopy,polypectomy,and gastroscopy between January 2005 and October 2022.The patients were classified into three groups based on H.pylori infection status:persistently negative(group A,n=626),initially positive but turned negative(group B,n=141),and persistently positive(group C,n=41).The CRA recurrence and high-risk CRA or colorectal cancer(CRC)occurrence were assessed,and potential prognosis factors for recurrence were analyzed.Results During a median follow-up period of 1.6(1.1,2.4)years,the recurrence rate was 56.4%(456/808),including 124 cases(15.3%)of high-risk CRA/CRC[of which 5 cases(0.6%)were CRC]and 332 cases(41.1%)of low-risk CRA.The recurrence rates in the three groups were 55.4%(347/626),60.3%(85/141),and 58.5%(24/41),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(log-rank χ2=0.525,P=0.769).The high-risk CRA/CRC recurrence rates in the three groups were 14.9%(93/626),17.7%(25/141),and 14.6%(6/41),respectively,showing no significant intergroup differences(log-rank χ2=0.340,P=0.844).Multivariate analysis identified increasing age(HR=1.011,95%CI:1.002-1.021,P=0.020)and baseline high-risk CRA(HR=1.428,95%CI:1.183-1.724,P<0.001)as independent prognosis factors for CRA recurrence.Conclusions This study did not find a significant correlation between H.pylori infection and CRA recurrence after polypectomy.Increasing age and baseline high-risk CRA are prognosis factors for CRA recurrence.

Objective:To develop and validate a novel PET tracer, N-cyclohexyl-4-((2, 4-dichlorophenyl)(4-(fluoro- 18F)phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide ( 18F-SQKJ-2), targeting cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors for diagnosing psychiatric disorders associated with fear memory. Methods:18F-SQKJ-2 was prepared using a nucleophilic substitution radiochemical synthesis method. For the CB1 receptor blocking experiment, 7 ICR mice were divided into blocking group ( n=4; rimonabant for blocking treatment) and control group 1 ( n=3; no rimonabant blocking treatment). The affinity and specificity of 18F-SQKJ-2 for CB1 receptors were analyzed based on the differences in 18F-SQKJ-2 uptake (percentage injected dose per gram of tissue, %ID/g) by various organs between two groups. The metabolic stability of 18F-SQKJ-2 in vitro was studied using animal tissue homogenates. Ten C57 mice were used to establish fear memory mouse models (fear group, n=6; control group 2, n=4), and the percentage of freezing time was compared between 2 groups. MicroPET scans were used to detect the intracranial distribution of 18F-SQKJ-2, and the relative uptake in each brain region compared to total brain uptake was calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the differences in CB1 receptor relative total brain uptake in fear-related brain regions between 2 groups. Independent-sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. Results:18F-SQKJ-2 was successfully synthesized with a radiochemical purity ≥98.0% and a corrected radioactive yield of (12.3±6.0)%( n=4). In vitro metabolic stability experiments showed that 18F-SQKJ-2 was basically stable in the liver, blood, and brain within 60min. The CB1 receptor blocking experiment demonstrated that the uptake of 18F-SQKJ-2 in the brains of mice in blocking group was significantly lower than that in control group 1 ((0.95±0.28) vs (3.44±1.16) %ID/g; t=-3.57, P=0.023). The percentage of freezing time in fear group was significantly higher than that in control group 2 (43.28%(39.46%, 52.93%) vs 2.74%(1.52%, 4.85%); Z=-2.45, P=0.010). 18F-SQKJ-2 microPET imaging showed that the uptake of 18F-SQKJ-2 in the cerebral cortex of mice in fear group was significantly increased compared with that in control group 2 ((5.83±0.47)% vs (5.00±0.52)%; t=2.42, P=0.046). Conclusion:18F-SQKJ-2 is successfully prepared with acceptable radiochemical purity and metabolic stability, demonstrating potential for visualizing and quantifying fear memory.

Objective:To explore the genetic basis for a woman with oocyte maturation disorder during assisted reproductive treatment (ART), and to verify the source of the variant and its impact on oocyte maturation through family verification.Methods:A 35-year-old infertile woman presented at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital on 20 October 2023 for a 10-year history of infertility despite unprotected intercourse was selected as study subject. Peripheral venous blood sample was collected from the proband. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect the potential variant. Candidate variants were validated within her family by Sanger sequencing, and their deleteriousness was assessed with comprehensive bioinformatic analyses to elucidate their origin and impact on oocyte maturation. According to the Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants (hereinafter referred to as ACMG Guidelines) formulated by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the pathogenicity of the candidate variant was rated. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Ethics No.: 2023GSFYLS78).Results:The proband underwent three controlled ovarian-stimulation cycles as part of assisted reproductive technology, yielding a total of 29 oocytes, among which only three were mature, whilst the remainders exhibited maturation arrest. Targeted sequencing of peripheral-blood DNA revealed a heterozygous c. 728C>T (p.P243L) missense variant of the TUBB8 gene. While the same variant was detected in the proband′s father. Based on the ACMG guidelines, the variant was classified to be likely pathogenic (PS4_Supporting+ PM2_Supporting+ PP2+ PP3+ PP4). Conclusion:The heterozygous c. 728C>T (p.P243L) missense variant of the TUBB8 gene probably underlay the oocyte maturation disorder in the proband, which may be either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. For probands with oocyte maturation disorders caused by the heterozygous c. 728C>T variant of the TUBB8 gene, oocyte donation may be considered.

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria in bile and blood cultures obtained from patients with biliary stones accompanied by acute biliary tract infection,to evaluate the clinical appropriate-ness of antibiotic use based on drug sensitivity results,and to provide evidence for empirical antibiotic treatment in such patients.Methods The clinical data of 161 patients with biliary calculi complicated by acute biliary tract infection who were admitted to the First People's Hospital of Neijiang from 2017 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The results of microbial culture,drug sensitivity analysis,and patient characteristics were assessed to evaluate the appropriateness of clinical antimicrobial therapy.Results Among the 161 patients with positive cultures,212 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected.The predominant patho-gens were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies,and Enterococcus faecium.Age and underlying diseases significantly affected the distribution of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies.Within the gram-negative bacterial group,Esche-richia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies exhibited higher drug resistance to commonly used broad-spectrum penicillin,third-generation cephalosporin and quinolones but lower resistance rates to piperacillin and tazobactam;furthermore,elderly indi-viduals aged ≥65 years showed higher resistance rates to ceftriaxone than those under age 65 while people with drug exposure history had higher ceftazidime resistance rates that were statistically significant.In contrast to Enterococcus faecalis which displayed low antimicrobial resistance rates for most drugs tested in this study,Enterococcus faecium demonstrated high levels of antibiotic resistance;however,both Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium exhibited zero-resistance rates against vancomycin and tigecycline although this may be attributed to their small sample size in our study cohort.Finally,we found that empirical anti-in-fective drugs,as well as target anti-infective drugs,were not prescribed rationally among these patients due mainly to inappropriate combinations of antibiotics or incorrect dosages.Conclusions The predominant pathogens in patients with acute biliary tract infection are gram-negative bacteria,Gram-positive bacteria,and fungi;however,the potential involvement of anaerobic bacteria should not be overlooked.Vancomycin exhibits sensitivity against gram-positive bacteria,yet the overall rationality of antibiotic usage remains suboptimal.Enhanced clinical testing for pathogenic microorganisms is imperative in the management of biliary stones accompanied by acute biliary tract infection.In contrast,clinical pharmacists should provide comprehensive training on anti-infective drugs to clinicians to facilitate their judicious selection of antibiotics based on drug sensitivity results and prevent the e-mergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children aged 0-14 years in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2024, so as to provide a reference for optimizing child TB prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data on pulmonary TB cases in children aged 0-14 years and demographic information in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2024 were collected from Surveillance and Reporting Management System with Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System under the National Health Security Informatization Project Disease Prevention and Control Information System. A Joinpoint regression model was established to analyze the temporal, spatial, and population distribution trends of child pulmonary TB incidence. Results: A total of 2 954 cases of pulmonary TB in children aged 0-14 years were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2024, accounting for 0.97% of all TB cases in the general population. The average annual reported incidence rate in children was 3.32 per 100 000. Among these cases, 804 were pathogenetically positive, showing a increasing trend ( χ 2 trend =420.94, P < 0.01 ). The overall reported incidence rate of pulmonary TB in children aged 0-14 years in Shaanxi Province showed a decreasing trend, dropping from 5.35 per 100 000 in 2010 to 2.41 per 100 000 in 2024. Joinpoint regression analysis identified three distinct phases for the reported incidence rate of TB:a rapid decline from 2010 to 2013 (APC=-20.02%, 95% CI = -33.64% to -10.42%), a slight increase from 2013 to 2017 (APC=11.18%, 95% CI =3.07%-24.17%) and a slight decline again from 2017 to 2024 (APC= -7.27 %, 95% CI =-12.73% to -4.30%) (all P <0.01). Among children aged 0-14 years, the age group with the highest average annual reported incidence rate was 10-14 years (8.02 per 100 000), followed by 5-9 years (1.44 per 100 000), and 0-4 years had the lowest rate (0.95 per 100 000). The difference in reported incidence rates among the three age groups was statistically significant ( χ 2= 51.91, P <0.01). The average annual reported incidence rate of TB was 3.25 per 100 000 in boys and 3.39 per 100 000 in girls, with no statistically significant difference ( χ 2=2.01, P >0.05). There was no obvious periodic variation in the annual case reporting. Among all cities in Shaanxi Province, Ankang City had the highest average annual reported incidence rate (5.16 per 100 000). Conclusions From 2010 to 2024, the reported incidence rate of pulmonary TB in children aged 0-14 years in Shaanxi Province showed an overall decreasing trend. However, it is still necessary to strengthen active surveillance, implement targeted measures in high incidence areas such as Ankang City, and maintain continuous attention to child TB prevention and control.

BACKGROUND: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a rare and recurrent autoinflammatory disease, imposes a substantial burden on patients and society. Awareness of GPP in China remains limited. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey, conducted between September 2021 and May 2023 across 14 hospitals in China, included GPP patients of all ages and disease phases. Data collected encompassed demographics, clinical characteristics, economic impact, disease severity, quality of life, and treatment-related complications. Risk factors for GPP recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 127 patients (female/male ratio = 1.35:1), the mean age of disease onset was 25 years (1st quartile [Q1]-3rd quartile [Q3]: 11-44 years); 29.2% had experienced GPP for more than 10 years. Recurrence occurred in 75.6% of patients, and nearly half reported no identifiable triggers. Younger age at disease onset ( P  = 0.021) and transitioning to plaque psoriasis ( P  = 0.022) were associated with higher recurrence rates. The median diagnostic delay was 8 months (Q1-Q3: 2-41 months), and 32.3% of patients reported misdiagnoses. Comorbidities were present in 53.5% of patients, whereas 51.1% experienced systemic complications during treatment. Depression and anxiety affected 84.5% and 95.6% of patients, respectively. During GPP flares, the median Dermatology Life Quality Index score was 19.0 (Q1-Q3: 13.0-23.5). This score showed significant differences between patients with and without systemic symptoms; it demonstrated correlations with both depression and anxiety scores. Treatment costs caused financial hardship in 55.9% of patients, underscoring the burden associated with GPP. CONCLUSIONS The substantial disease and economic burdens among Chinese GPP patients warrant increased attention. Patients with early onset disease and those transitioning to plaque psoriasis require targeted interventions to mitigate the high recurrence risk.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Psoriasis/pathology* ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adolescent ; Child ; Young Adult ; Quality of Life ; Middle Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; East Asian People