Prostate cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor of the male genitourinary system in China, with a persistently elevated incidence rate.Given the insidious onset, propensity for metastasis in advanced stages, and poor efficacy of traditional treatments, new hormone therapies have garnered increasing attention in recent years.A number of clinical studies have demonstrated that second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (SGARIs), including enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide, and rezvilutamide, can be beneficial in different stages of advanced prostate cancer.Furthermore, their early application has been shown to delay disease progression while maintaining a controlled safety profile.At present, SGARIs have increasingly become the primary therapeutic agents for advanced prostate cancer in various stages.This article reviews the clinical research progress of SGARIs in recent years, with the aim of offering valuable clinical reference for clinicians.

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea （OSA） represents a prevalent sleep disordered breathing condition characterized by complex pathophysiology. The arousal threshold （ArTH）， a core non-anatomical contributor to OSA pathogenesis， is intimately tied to the disease severity and clinical phenotypes. To date， research regarding factors associated with ArTH has yielded inconsistent findings， and ArTH profiles and disparities across populations with different genetic backgrounds are not fully elucidated. ObjectiveTo explore the differences of ArTH in OSA patients with different genetic backgrounds and analyze the key factors affecting ArTH， thereby providing evidence for understanding OSA pathophysiology and formulating targeted treatment regimens. MethodsA total of 285 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for OSA， as defined by the Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea， were retrospectively enrolled in this study. All participants underwent overnight polysomnography （PSG） at the Sleep Medicine Center of Inner Mongolia Mental Health Center from December 2022 to May 2024. Based on the study design， the cohort was stratified into two distinct genetic background subgroups （group A and group B）. Demographic and clinical characteristics， the Epworth Sleepiness Scale （ESS） score， and overnight PSG data were collected. The apnea hypopnea index （AHI）， the lowest pulse oxygen saturation （LSpO₂）， and fraction of hypopneas （F_Hypopneas） were utilized as surrogate indicators to estimate ArTH in OSA patients. The influencing factors of low ArTH were tested by binary Logistic regression analysis. ResultsAmong the 285 OSA patients， there were 227 cases （79.65%） in group A and 58 cases （20.35%） in group B. Comparisons between the two genetic background subgroups revealed no statistically significant differences in the proportion of low ArTH， ESS score， PSG parameters， and the three markers for low ArTH （AHI<30 events/h， LSpO₂>82.5%， F_Hypopneas>58.3%） （P>0.05）. Binary Logistic regression analysis identified sex （OR=2.421， 95% CI： 1.070–5.478）， BMI （OR=0.847， 95% CI： 0.770–0.932）， N1 sleep duration （OR=0.974， 95% CI： 0.963–0.985）， and hypertension （OR=0.348， 95% CI： 0.143–0.848） as independent factors associated with low ArTH in the total cohort. Stratified analysis by genetic backgrounds revealed that sex（OR=3.799， 95% CI： 1.389–10.392）， BMI（OR=0.819， 95% CI：0.723–0.929）， and N1 sleep duration（OR=0.973， 95% CI： 0.961–0.986） were independent factors of low ArTH in group A. In contrast， only N1 sleep duration （OR=0.951， 95% CI： 0.911–0.993） remained a significant factor in group B. ConclusionArthur may have conservative characteristics in patients with OSA with different genetic backgrounds， but the pathophysiological mechanism of OSA may have population heterogeneity. ［Funded by Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Fundation Project （number， 2024QN08050）； Intra-institutional Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia Mental Health Center （number， 2022QNWN0010）］

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Wendantang regulates the silent information regulator 3 （SIRT3）/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） pathway to influence energy metabolism and thereby prevent and treat myocardial ischemia （MI） in a rat model of hyperlipidemia （HL）. MethodsThirty SD rats were randomly assigned into five groups： control， model， low-dose （3.702 g·kg^-1·d^-1） Wendantang， high-dose （7.404 g·kg^-1·d^-1） Wendantang， and positive control （trimetazidine， 0.006 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with six rats in each group. The control group was fed normally， while the other groups were fed with a high-fat diet for six weeks for the modeling of HL. Subsequently， the drug intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage， and the control and model groups received an equivalent volume of normal saline for 14 days. One hour after the last gavage， the other groups except the control group were injected intraperitoneally with posterior pituitary hormone （30 U·kg^-1） to induce MI. Electrocardiography （ECG） was employed to detect changes in the electrocardiogram. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe cardiac pathological changes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the serum levels of cardiac troponin I（cTnI）， myoglobin （MYO）， and creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB）. Colorimetry was used to determine the levels of total cholesterol （TC） and triglycerides （TG） in the serum and ATP， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in the myocardial tissue. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of SIRT3， PGC-1α， adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， and phosphorylated AMPK （p-AMPK） in the myocardial tissue. Real-time PCR was employed to measure the mRNA levels of SIRT3， PGC-1α， and AMPKα in the myocardial tissue. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed significant J-point deviation and elevation in the ECG image， increased heart rate， disarrangement of myocardial fibers with unclear boundaries， elevated levels of CK-MB， cTnI， MYO， TC， and TG （P<0.05， P<0.01）， declined levels of SOD and ATP （P<0.01）， down-regulated mRNA levels of SIRT3， PGC-1α， and AMPK （P<0.05）， and down-regulated protein levels of SIRT3， PGC-1α， and p-AMPK （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose and high-dose Wendantang groups and the trimetazidine group showed inhibited J-point deviation and elevation in the ECG image， slowed heart rate， reduced inflammatory cell infiltration， alleviated disarrangement of myocardial fibers， declined levels of CK-MB， cTnI， MYO， TC， and TG （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated level of SOD （P<0.01）， up-regulated mRNA levels of SIRT3， PGC-1α， and AMPK （P<0.05， P<0.01） and up-regulated protein levels of SIRT3， PGC-1α， and p-AMPK （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionWendantang can effectively intervene in HL-associated MI in rats by reducing oxidative stress in myocardial cells， alleviating lipid metabolism disorders， and improving myocardial energy metabolism via the SIRT3/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Background and purpose:Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy(IMSLNB)is a minimally invasive diagnostic technique for regional lymph nodes in breast cancer,which can provide accurate lymph staging and guide adjuvant treatment decision,but its clinical application has been controversial.The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognosis of IMSLNB in early breast cancer.Methods:In this study,a retrospective cohort of 7 949 patients with breast cancer from January 1,2016 to December 31,2021 was analyzed.After applying propensity score matching,the patients were divided into IMSLNB group and no-IMSLNB group,and the regional recurrence-free survival(RRFS),local recurrence-free survival(LRFS),distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS),disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)of the two groups were compared.This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shandong First Medical University(approval number:SDTHEC20130324).Results:A total of 990 patients were included in the final analysis(330 in the IMSLNB group and 660 in the no-IMSLNB group).IMSLN metastasis was found in 54 patients in the IMSLNB group,including 47 patients with axillary lymph node(ALN)metastasis and 7 patients with IMSLN metastasis only.The IMSLN transfer rate was 16.4%.The median follow-up of 41 months showed that the IMSLNB group demonstrated better 3-year DFS[98.4%vs 94.2%,hazard ratio(HR)=0.509;95%CI:0.312-0.828,P=0.007]and 5-year DFS(92.5%vs 87.3%,HR=0.214,95%CI:0.206-0.222,P=0.011)compared with no-IMSLNB group.However,no significant differences were observed in 3-year OS(99.1%vs 99.4%,HR=0.618,95%CI:0.231-1.655,P=0.338)or 5-year OS(98.5%vs 99.1%,HR=0.52,95%CI:0.51-0.53,P=0.392)between the two groups.The 3-year RRFS in the IMSLNB group was better compared with the no-IMSLNB group(99.09%vs 97.73%,HR=0.066;95%CI:0.061-0.071,P=0.048),while no significant differences were observed in 3-year LRFS(99.70%vs 98.19%,HR=0.209;95%CI:0.201-0.217,P=0.130)or DMFS(95.76%vs 96.06%,HR=0.865,95%CI:0.858-0.872,P=0.820)between the two groups.The exploratory subgroup analysis of DFS revealed that patients in the following subgroups could significantly benefit from IM-SLNB(P＜0.05):diagnosis age(≤50 years),premenopausal status,BMI(≤24),lymphovascular invasion(LVI,present),tumor location(lateral),molecular subtype[hormone receptor positive(HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative(HER2-)],histological type(invasive ductal carcinoma),and axillary lymph node status(positive).Conclusion:IMSLNB can provide more accurate regional lymph node staging for early breast cancer,help optimize adjuvant radiotherapy strategies,and improve patients'DFS and RRFS.It can be promoted as a minimally invasive staging technique for regional lymph nodes.

Background and purpose:Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy(IMSLNB)is a minimally invasive diagnostic technique for regional lymph nodes in breast cancer,which can provide accurate lymph staging and guide adjuvant treatment decision,but its clinical application has been controversial.The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognosis of IMSLNB in early breast cancer.Methods:In this study,a retrospective cohort of 7 949 patients with breast cancer from January 1,2016 to December 31,2021 was analyzed.After applying propensity score matching,the patients were divided into IMSLNB group and no-IMSLNB group,and the regional recurrence-free survival(RRFS),local recurrence-free survival(LRFS),distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS),disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)of the two groups were compared.This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shandong First Medical University(approval number:SDTHEC20130324).Results:A total of 990 patients were included in the final analysis(330 in the IMSLNB group and 660 in the no-IMSLNB group).IMSLN metastasis was found in 54 patients in the IMSLNB group,including 47 patients with axillary lymph node(ALN)metastasis and 7 patients with IMSLN metastasis only.The IMSLN transfer rate was 16.4%.The median follow-up of 41 months showed that the IMSLNB group demonstrated better 3-year DFS[98.4%vs 94.2%,hazard ratio(HR)=0.509;95%CI:0.312-0.828,P=0.007]and 5-year DFS(92.5%vs 87.3%,HR=0.214,95%CI:0.206-0.222,P=0.011)compared with no-IMSLNB group.However,no significant differences were observed in 3-year OS(99.1%vs 99.4%,HR=0.618,95%CI:0.231-1.655,P=0.338)or 5-year OS(98.5%vs 99.1%,HR=0.52,95%CI:0.51-0.53,P=0.392)between the two groups.The 3-year RRFS in the IMSLNB group was better compared with the no-IMSLNB group(99.09%vs 97.73%,HR=0.066;95%CI:0.061-0.071,P=0.048),while no significant differences were observed in 3-year LRFS(99.70%vs 98.19%,HR=0.209;95%CI:0.201-0.217,P=0.130)or DMFS(95.76%vs 96.06%,HR=0.865,95%CI:0.858-0.872,P=0.820)between the two groups.The exploratory subgroup analysis of DFS revealed that patients in the following subgroups could significantly benefit from IM-SLNB(P＜0.05):diagnosis age(≤50 years),premenopausal status,BMI(≤24),lymphovascular invasion(LVI,present),tumor location(lateral),molecular subtype[hormone receptor positive(HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative(HER2-)],histological type(invasive ductal carcinoma),and axillary lymph node status(positive).Conclusion:IMSLNB can provide more accurate regional lymph node staging for early breast cancer,help optimize adjuvant radiotherapy strategies,and improve patients'DFS and RRFS.It can be promoted as a minimally invasive staging technique for regional lymph nodes.

Objective:To understand the current status and characteristics of clinical trials for oral diseases in China, for the purpose of providing a reference for the research and development of oral diseases in China.Methods:Retrieving the information on clinical trials related to oral diseases registered on the "Platforms for drug clinical trial registration and information" of the National Medical Products Administration from the date of the database establishment to December 31, 2024. The number of clinical trials, type of drugs, trial phases, indication, trial scope, design types were statistically analyzed.Results:As of December 31, 2024, a total of 578 drug clinical trials for oral disease were registered, accounting for 2.1% (578/27 905) of the clinical trials disclosed on the platform during the same period. Bioequivalence clinical trials accounted for the highest proportion [73.9% (427/578)], followed by Phase Ⅰ [9.0% (52/578)], Phase Ⅱ [8.0% (46/578)], and Phase Ⅲ [4.5% (26/578)]. The 578 clinical trials involved 149 types of trial drugs, mainly chemical drugs, among which 127 were developed by domestic pharmaceutical enterprises and 27 by international pharmaceutical enterprises (the five investigational drugs have undergone clinical trials by both domestic and international pharmaceutical companies). The project leader units of the 578 drug clinical trials were distributed in 27 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Excluding 427 bioequivalence clinical trials, the project leader units of 151 new drug clinical trials showed a significant aggregation phenomenon, and only three specialized oral hospitals have served as project leader units for drug clinical trials.Conclusions:The number of drug clinical trials for oral disease in China has generally shown an increasing trend, but there are still problems such as small number of clinical trials, low proportion of investment in new drug development and international multicenter trials, concentrated indications of clinical trials and insufficient clinical trial experience in specialized oral medical institutions. Enhancing the enthusiasm and innovation capabilities of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises in the research and development of oral diseases drugs, exploring the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine/natural medicine resources for oral diseases, and establishing a clinical research system in specialized oral medical institutions are of great significance for the development of oral drugs.

Objective:To investigate the current situation and correlation between mental health and stressors of new professional master's degree graduates in clinical medicine, and to provide empirical support for improving student mental health.Methods:An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 587 fresh graduate students with master's degree in clinical medicine from 65 training institutions in China. SPSS 26.0 was used to compare and analyze the measurement data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the mental health using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the current status of stressors. The influence factors and correlation between mental health and stressors were analyzed by means of differentiation analysis and correlation analysis.Results:The SCL-90 overall mean score as well as the scores of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, terror, anxious, psychoticism, and hostility of new professional master's degree graduates in clinical medicine were all higher than the national norm ( P<0.05). Among the participants, 58.21% (2 088/3 587) exhibited varying degrees of symptoms listed in the SCL-90. Students from families with low per capita income and low parental education level have more prominent psychological problems. The top three stressors perceived were job seeking, research tasks, and self-ability. Students with positive SCL-90 symptoms reported significantly higher perceived stress in all three stressor dimensions compared to their symptom-negative counterparts ( P<0.001), indicating a significant correlation between mental health status and stressors. Conclusions:The mental health status of new professional master's degree graduates in clinical medicine is concerning and warrants focused attention from educational authorities, academic institutions, and families.

Objective:To understand the graduation destination of newly graduated medical master's students in China and analyze their employment status.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted on 15 942 medical master's students who graduated in 2023. Descriptive analysis, χ2 test, and Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test were used to understand the current situation and differences in the graduation destinations, employment units, job positions, and starting salaries of different types of medical master's graduates. Results:The employment rate of medical master's graduates was 58.21% (9 280/15 942). In terms of graduation destinations, male graduates, professional degree holders, graduates from non-"Double First-Class" universities, and nursing majors had a high proportion of confirmed employment units. Male graduates, academic degree holders, graduates from "Double First-Class" universities, and basic medical science majors had a high proportion pursuing further studies domestically. In terms of employment, the highest proportion of medical master's graduates worked in hospitals (84.92%, 6 495/7 648) and the lowest proportion worked in primary-level medical and healthcare institutions (1.02%, 78/7 648). The majority (78.07%, 5 971/7 648) held professional technical positions. Starting salaries were relatively low and ranged between 3 001 and 5 000 yuan/month, accounting for 30.99% (2 370/7 648).Conclusions:The employment rate of medical master's graduates is low, with concentrated employment units and job positions, and there is a lack of talents in primary medical institutions. Colleges and universities and education management departments should adopt policy-driven approaches to support key demographic groups and encourage employment in primary healthcare. Training programs should be timely adjusted in response to market demands and focus on cultivating the comprehensive quality and job competence of medical master's graduates. Additionally, student-centered approaches should be used to strengthen the employment guidance and career planning services.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) AP006284.1 in bladder cancer tissues, and to analyze the regulatory effect and downstream mechanism of AP006284.1 knockdown on the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells. Methods:The expression of AP006284.1 in bladder cancer tissues, and the relationship between AP006284.1 expression and tumor stage and disease-free survival of bladder cancer patients were analyzed in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. AP006284.1 gene expression in bladder cancer cell lines, including MGH-U3, T24, UMUC-3, J82 and 5637, and bladder epithelial immortalized SV-HUC-1 cell were detected by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. J82 cells were divided into the control group and the transfection group, and transfected with control plasmid and AP006284.1 knockdown plasmid, respectively. The effect of AP006284.1 knockdown on the proliferation of J82 cells was detected by RT-qPCR and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The effect of AP006284.1 knockdown on the migration of J82 cells was determined by the scratch healing assay. The target gene of AP006284.1 was predicted by LncRNA2Target and LncRNome databases. The target fragment of wild-type AP006284.1 ( AP006284.1-Wt) or mutant AP006284.1 ( AP006284.1-Mut) was constructed into pGL3 plasmid by dual luciferase gene reporter assay. J82 cells were co-transfected with miR-205-3p or miR-negtive control (miR-NC) to validate the targeting relationship between AP006284.1 and miR-205-3p. The correlation between miR-205-3p and AP006284.1 expression in bladder cancer tissues was further analyzed by the GEO database. The effect of AP006284.1 knockdown on the expression of miR-205-3p gene in J82 cells was detected by RT-qPCR assay. The effect of AP006284.1 knockdown on the expression of phosphorylated Ras protein (p-Ras), phosphorylated Raf protein (p-Raf), phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (p-MEK), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) of the ERK pathway was detected by Western blotting in J82 cells. Results:GEO database analysis showed that the relative expression of AP006284.1 in bladder cancer tissues ( n=304) was significantly higher than that in normal tissues ( n=28, P<0.01). The relative expression of AP006284.1 was positively correlated with the tumor stage of the bladder cancer patients ( P<0.01). Compared with bladder cancer patients with low expression of AP006284.1, patients with high expression had a lower disease-free survival ( P<0.01). Compared with the SV-HUC-1 cell (1.02±0.34), the expression level of AP006284.1 gene was upregulated in MGH-U3 cell (5.77±0.37), T24 cell (3.02±0.40), UMUC-3 cell (3.62±0.59), J82 cell (7.19±0.24) and 5637 cell (5.59±0.30) (all P<0.01). The expression level of the AP006284.1 gene was the highest in J82 cells, therefore, the J82 cells were selected for the study. The expression level of AP006284.1 gene in the control group (7.20±0.26) was 6.92 times higher than that in the transfection group (1.04±0.28, t=16.16, P<0.01). Compared with the control group (0.74±0.11, 1.35±0.09, 1.63±0.14, 1.74±0.11), the absorbance ( A) values of J82 cells in the transfection group (0.49±0.06, 0.95±0.14, 1.09±0.08, 1.13±0.11) were reduced than those in the control group at the 24, 36, 48 and 60 h after AP006284.1 knockdown (all P<0.05). The migration distance of J82 cells in the control group was significantly longer than that in the transfection group. The migration rate of the control group [(65.03±6.20)%], which was 2.58 times higher than that of the transfection group [(25.22±3.45)%, t=5.61, P<0.01]. The target site of miR-205-3p containing AP006284.1 was predicted by LncRNA2Target and LncRNome databases. Compared with miR-NC group (1.00±0.11), the relative activity of dual luciferase of AP006284.1-Wt gene was significantly downregulated in the miR-205-3p group (0.31±0.07, t=5.47, P<0.01). Compared with the miR-NC group (0.97±0.14), the relative activity of dual luciferase of AP006284.1-Mut vector (0.98±0.07) was not significantly change ( t=0.09, P>0.05). The GEO database analysis showed that the expression of AP006284.1 in bladder cancer tissues was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-205-3p ( P<0.01). The expression level of miR-205-3p gene in the transfection group (5.42±0.24) was 5.21 times higher than that in the control group (1.04±0.40, t=9.40, P<0.01). Compared with the control group (3.22±0.17, 5.56±0.19, 4.38±0.17, 5.74±0.36), the expressions of p-Ras (2.33±0.12), p-Raf (1.61±0.20), p-MEK (1.57±0.25), and p-ERK (2.40±0.28) of the ERK pathway were decreased in the transfected J82 cells (all P<0.01). Conclusions:AP006284.1 is highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues. Knockdown of AP006284.1 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells by regulating the miR-205-3p and ERK pathway proteins.

Objective:To propose a thyroid nodule ultrasound image segmentation method based on a feature-adaptive extraction and gated fusion mechanisms net (FAGF-Net).Methods:The FAGF-Net was constructed by designing a feature coupling encoder (FC-Encoder), which integrated a convolutional neural network and a Transformer to extract both local and global features. The perception of multi-scale geometric characteristics of nodules was enhanced by developing a multi-scale feature space coupling module (MFSC-Module), and a context-gated feature attention module (CGFA-Module) was introduced to filter redundant information and suppress noise interference. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 3 493 physician-annotated two-dimensional thyroid nodule ultrasound images obtained from the publicly available TN3K medical imaging dataset. The dataset was divided into training and validation sets at a ratio of 8∶2, resulting in 2 794 training images and 699 validation images. FAGF-Net was compared with several mainstream semantic segmentation models, including UNet, Deeplabv3, HRNet, PSPNet, and SegFormer using UNet as the baseline model. Additionally, module ablation experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of each core module within the FAGF-Net. Visual comparisons were also conducted between the original ultrasound images, the annotated nodule regions, and the segmentation results produced by the different models.Results:The accuracy, intersection over union and Dice coefficient of the FAGF-Net method were 95.59%, 83.53% and 90.60%, respectively. These values were 3.77%, 2.29% and 3.55% higher than those of the UNet method (91.82%, 81.24% and 87.05%). Additionally, the FAGF-Net method achieved a frame rate of 19.8, meeting the requirements for image segmentation in medical environment scenarios. The module ablation experiments showed that compared with the UNet, the accuracy (92.85%), intersection over union (81.76%) and Dice coefficient (88.45%) of the FC-Encoder model were increased by 1.03%, 0.52% and 1.40%, respectively. The accuracy (93.13%), intersection over union (81.91%) and Dice coefficient (88.76%) of the CGFA-Module model were introduced separately, which were 1.31%, 0.67% and 1.71% higher than those of UNet, respectively. Compared with the FC-Encoder model alone, the accuracy (94.61%), intersection over union (82.45%) and Dice coefficient (89.54%) of the MFSC-Module increased by 1.76%, 0.69% and 1.09%, respectively when FC-Encoder was used as the feature double branch extraction encoder. Compared with the FC-Encoder model alone, the accuracy (94.39%), intersection over union (82.33%) and Dice coefficient (89.46%) of the CGFA-Module were increased by 1.54%, 0.57% and 1.01%, respectively, when FC-Encoder was used as the feature double branch extraction encoder. Visualization results showed that the FAGF-Net method produced smoother and more complete in boundary fitting and was more accurate at identifying small and low-contrast lesions.Conclusions:A thyroid nodule ultrasound image segmentation method based on FAGF-Net was proposed, which effectively improves the segmentation accuracy of thyroid nodule ultrasound image segmentation.