This article systematically reviews and examines the historical evolution of Bambusae Succus as a medicinal material， covering aspects such as nomenclature， origin， geographical distribution， harvesting and processing methods， quality assessment， therapeutic effects and indications， by consulting ancient herbal texts， medical compendia， and modern literature. The aim is to provide a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. Research indicated that Bambusae Succus was first documented in the Shennong Bencaojing during the Han dynasty， with Zhuli being the standard name used throughout history， alongside aliases like Zhuzhi， Zhuyou and Huoquan. Historically， the primary source of Bambusae Succus has been Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis（Danzhu）， although other species such as Pleioblastus amarus and Bambusa emeiensis have also been used medicinally. Ancient records predominantly noted its origin in Yizhou（present-day Chengdu and surrounding areas in Sichuan） and the Wuling region（between present-day Hunan， Guangdong， Guangxi and Jiangxi provinces）， while contemporary sources are mainly from regions south of the Yangtze River and southwestern China. Traditionally， Bambusae Succus was harvested from bamboo that had grown for exactly one year， today， it can be collected year-round without strict age requirements. Ancient preparation methods included direct fire roasting or dry distillation， whereas modern industrial production employs dry distillation， reflux extraction， and percolation. In terms of quality evaluation， ancient texts considered a sweet taste to be superior， while today， clarity and transparency are prioritized. Historically， Bambusae Succus was characterized as sweet and cold nature， targeting the lung and stomach meridians， with uses evolving from clearing heat and resolving phlegm to nourishing Yin， moistening dryness， and relaxing tendons and unblocking meridians. Modern descriptions classify it as sweet， bitter， and cold in nature， affecting the heart， liver， and lung meridians， with functions including clearing heat， resolving phlegm， and facilitating orifices. It is indicated for conditions such as stroke with phlegm confusion， lung heat with phlegm congestion， convulsions， epilepsy， excessive phlegm in febrile diseases， high fever with thirst， irritability during pregnancy， and tetanus， with more clearly defined applications. Based on the results of the research， it is recommended that when developing and utilizing famous classical formulas containing Bambusae Succus， the one-year-old Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis， which has been highly praised throughout history， should be selected as the source material. Industrial production should adopt the dry distillation method. Furthermore， in-depth research should be conducted on the modern technological characterization of the traditional quality control indicator of sweet taste， and reasonable modern quality control standards should be established.

Objective To explore the effects of vitamin D on anxiety and depression behavior and the mechanism of hippocampal inflammation in obese rats.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=12):control group(group C),obesity group(group F),low-dose vitamin D group(L-VD group),and high-dose vitamin D group(H-VD group).Group C was fed a standard diet,and the other three groups were fed a high-fat diet.After successful establishment of the rat obesity model,L-VD group and H-VD group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 μg·kg-1·d-1 and 20 μg·kg-1·d-1 vitamin D,respective-ly,and groups C and F were injected with the same volume of normal saline;relevant indexes were detected af-ter continued feeding for 6 weeks.The sucrose preference test and open field test were used to study the be-havior of rats in each group.The histopathological changes of hippocampal tissue were observed by HE stai-ning.The expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κB protein in hippocampal tissue were detected by Western blot.Results After 6 weeks of intervention,compared with group C,the serum 25(OH)D concentration,sugar-wa-ter preference rate,total distance of open field movement,number of entries into the central area,and duration of stay in the central area were significantly decreased in group F rats.The expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κB proteins in hippocampal tissues were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with group F,serum 25(OH)D concentration and sugar-water preference rate were significantly increased in L-VD and H-VD groups.Anxiety and depression-like behaviors in the open field were markedly improved.TNF-α and NF-κB protein levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Statistically significant differences were observed in all aforementioned indicators between the groups(P<0.05).HE staining revealed looser arrangement of hipp-ocampal neurons,with extensive neuronal degeneration in group F.In contrast,L-VD and H-VD groups exhib-ited tighter and more regular neuronal arrangements,with only mild edema and cytoplasmic vacuolation in some cells.No significant neuronal degeneration was observed in the H-VD group.Conclusion Reduced vita-min D levels in obese rats exacerbate anxiety-depression-like behaviors,potentially through activation of hipp-ocampal inflammatory factors.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of subretinal injection of Aflibercept for the treatment of refractory or recurrent polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).Methods:A prospective clinical research. From January to June 2022, 18 patients of 18 eyes with PCV diagnosed in The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University were included in the study. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The BCVA examination was performed using the international standard visual acuity chart, which was converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity during statistics. The large choroidal vessel thickness (LVCT), central retinal thickness (CRT), sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) height were measured by enhanced depth imaging technique of OCT. The choroidal vascular index (CVI) was calculated. There were 18 patients of 18 eyes, 11 males of 11 eyes and 7 females of 7 eyes. The age was (64.22±3.86) years old. The disease duration was (5.22±1.80) years. The patient had received intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for (7.72±1.36) times. The logMAR BCVA of the affected eyes was 1.28±0.25. The SFCT, CRT, LVCT, PED height were (436.56±9.80), (432.44±44.29), (283.78±27.10), (342.44±50.18) μm, respectively, and CVI was 0.65±0.01. All eyes were treated with a single subretinal injection of 40 mg/ml Aflibercept 0.05 ml (including Aflibercept 2.0 mg). According to the results of OCT and BCVA after treatment, the lesions were divided into active type and static type. The active lesions were treated with intravitreal injection of Aflibercept at the same dose as before. Quiescent lesions were followed up. Examinations were performed 1-3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment using the same equipment and methods before treatment. The BCVA, LVCT, CRT, SFCT, PED height, CVI, interretinal or subretinal fluid, lesion regression rate, injection times, and complications during and after treatment were observed. The BCVA, SFCT, CRT, LVCT, PED height and CVI before and after treatment were compared by repeated measures analysis of variance.Results:Eighteen eyes received subretinal and/or intravitreal injection of Aflibercept (1.61±0.85) times (1-4 times). At the last follow-up, the polypoid lesions regressed in 4 eyes and PED disappeared in 1 eye. Compared with before treatment, BCVA ( F=50.298) gradually increased, CRT ( F=25.220), PED height ( F=144.16), SFCT ( F=69.77), LVCT ( F=136.69), CVI ( F=72.70) gradually decreased after treatment. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Macular hole occurred in 1 eye after treatment, and the hole closed spontaneously 3 months after treatment. No serious complications such as retinal tear, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis and vitreous hemorrhage occurred during and after treatment. Conclusion:Subretinal injection of Aflibercept is safe and effective in the treatment of refractory PCV.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of vitrectomy combined with subretinal injection of alteplase (tPA) and intravitreal injection of Conbercept in the treatment of large area submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From January to September 2021, 32 eyes of 32 patients with massive SMH secondary to PCV diagnosed in the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University were included in the study. Large SMH was defined as hemorrhage diameter ≥4 optic disc diameter (DD). There were 32 patients (32 eyes), 20 males and 12 females. The mean age was (72.36±8.62) years. All patients had unilateral disease.The duration from onset of symptoms to treatment was (7.21±3.36) days. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination. BCVA examination was performed using the international standard visual acuity chart, which was converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity during statistics. The central macular thickness (CMT) was measured by spectral domain-OCT. The average size of SMH was (6.82±1.53) DD. The logMAR BCVA 1.73±0.44; CMT was (727.96±236.40) μm. All patients were treated with 23G pars plana vitrectomy combined with subretinal injection of tPA and intravitreal injection of Conbercept. At 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, the same equipment and methods were used for relevant examinations before treatment. The changes of BCVA and CMT, the clearance rate of macular hemorrhage, and the complications during and after surgery were observed. BCVA and CMT before and after treatment were compared by repeated measures analysis of variance.Results:Compared with before treatment, BCVA gradually increased at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=77.402, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in BCVA between any two groups at different time points after treatment ( P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that BCVA at 12 months after treatment was negatively correlated with the course of disease ( r=-0.053, P=0.774). One week after treatment, macular hemorrhage was completely cleared in 30 eyes (93.75%, 30/32). The CMT was (458.56±246.21), (356.18±261.46), (345.82±212.38) and (334.64±165.54) μm at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, respectively. Compared with before treatment, CMT decreased gradually after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=112.480, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in different follow-up time before and after treatment ( P<0.001). The number of treatments combined with Conbercept during and after surgery was (4.2±1.8) times. At the last follow-up, there was no recurrence of SMH, retinal interlamellar effusion and other complications. Conclusion:Subretinal injection of tPA combined with intravitreal injection of Conbercept is safe and effective in the treatment of large SMH secondary to PCV, and it can significantly improve the visual acuity of patients.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for lung metastasis from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), predict the occurrence of lung metastasis, and diagnose lung metastasis early.Methods:From April 2013 to May 2023, 442 DTC patients (145 males, 297 females; age (41.6±13.1) years) who received 131I treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into lung metastasis group ( n=124) and non-lung metastasis group ( n=318) according to pathology or clinical, imaging and laboratory test results. Patients were randomly divided into training set ( n=309) and validation set ( n=133) at the ratio of 7∶3. The differences of clinical data between the two groups were compared by χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test. Factors affecting lung metastasis were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the model. Results:The differences of sex, primary tumor type, multifocal, extra thyroid tissue invasion, number of operations, thyroglobulin (Tg) level before 131I treatment, maximum diameter of primary lesion, lymphocyte absolute value, neutrophil absolute value and B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E mutation between the two groups were statistically significant ( χ2 values: 7.72-107.77, z values: from -6.50 to -2.44, all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that multifocal (odds ratio ( OR)=5.646, 95% CI: 1.763-18.089, P=0.004), BRAF V600E mutation ( OR=0.184, 95% CI: 0.062-0.543, P=0.002), Tg level before 131I treatment ( OR=1.015, 95% CI: 1.004-1.025, P=0.005), lymphocyte absolute value ( OR=0.395, 95% CI: 0.166-0.940, P=0.036) and maximum diameter of primary lesion ( OR=1.932, 95% CI: 1.207-3.093, P=0.006) were independent factors affecting lung metastasis. The AUCs of the training set and validation set obtained by the nomogram prognostic model were 0.899 and 0.889, respectively. Conclusion:Large primary tumor, multiple focus, non-mutated BRAF V600E gene, high Tg level before 131I treatment and low lymphocyte absolute value may be considered as risk factors for lung metastasis of DTC.

An important issue facing university education is the adaptation and transformation of freshmen.In order to guide students to adapt to the needs of research-based learning,Jilin University has opened a freshman seminar for all first-year undergraduate students,emphasizing the cultivation of students'thinking patterns and learning abilities.For medical students,it is necessary to ap-ply the learned medical knowledge to clinical problem analysis.Therefore,it is particularly important to cultivate students'integrated thinking from basic to clinical at the beginning of enrollment.In recent years,organ system integration has gradually been carried out in medical schools both domestically and internationally.In the course of integrating the immune system and diseases,the morphology of the immune system is relatively abstract and difficult to observe.In the early stages of enrollment,students still lack the thinking of organ system integration,and the initial stage of immune system integration courses is difficult to carry out.Therefore,we aimed to guide students towards adaptability and academic transformation through freshman seminars,explored the integration of the immune system's organ system as a pathway,and used the BOPPPS teaching model as a means for preliminary exploration.In the freshman seminar,the main focus is on the"morphology and structure-mechanism and function-disease-diagnosis-treatment"of the immune sys-tem,helping students establish a learning mindset that integrates disease diagnosis and treatment based on basic medical courses such as immunology and anatomy.Using BOPPPS to reform the"teaching"of teachers,establishing a student-centered teaching model from six aspects:bridge,objective,pre-assessment,participatory learning,post-assessment and summary,can better guide students to actively think and participate in the entire learning process,focus on the construction of students'fragmented knowledge thinking mode,internalize medical humanities literacy,and improve the quality of medical talent cultivation in colleges and universities.

Objective:To explore the effects of computer-navigated surgery and traditional surgery on the functional and oncological outcomes of pelvic chondrosarcoma.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 136 cases of pelvic chondrosarcoma surgically treated at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2000 to December 2017. There were 65 males and 71 females with an average age of 46.07±13.37 years (range 13-73 years). There were 120 primary cases and 16 secondary cases, of which 109 cases were ordinary chondrosarcoma (7 cases with pathological differentiation grade I, 83 cases with grade II. There were 109 cases of common type chondrosarcoma (7 cases of pathological differentiation grade I, 83 cases of grade II, 19 cases of grade III), 21 cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, 3 cases of mesenchymal type, 2 cases of clear cell type, 1 case of mucinous type; 12 cases of malignant degeneration of multilocular chondrosarcoma of bone; 104 cases of Enneking staging stage IB, 32 cases of stage IIB. According to the pelvis zone classification, there were 14 cases of pelvic zone I, 1 case of zone II, 13 cases of zone III, 16 cases of zone I+II, 16 cases of zone I+IV, 47 cases of zone II+III, 25 cases of zone I+II+III, 25 cases of zone I+II+III, 4 cases of zone I + II + III + IV. All cases were classified as intracapsular, marginal, or wide resection according to the resection boundary classification. There were 45 cases in computer-navigated surgery (navigated group) and 91 cases in non-navigated surgery group. The demographic data, preoperative tumor staging, surgical characteristics, surgical boundary classification, oncological indexes, reconstruction methods, postoperative complications, and bone and soft tissue tumor function score (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score, MSTS) were compared between the two groups.Results:No surgical complications related to the computerized navigation system occurred in the navigation group. The postoperative follow-up time was 68.56±37.82 months (range 6-197 months) and 76.85±52.60 months (range 5-225 months) for the navigation and non-navigation groups, respectively. The MSTS was 25.43±2.85 and 24.56±4.19 points in the navigation and non-navigation groups, respectively, with no significant difference ( t=1.191, P=0.237). There were 10 cases of marginal resection and 35 cases of wide resection in the navigation group, and 12 cases of intracapsular resection, 32 cases of marginal resection and 47 cases of wide resection in the non-navigation group with significant difference (χ 2=10.977, P=0.004). There were 4 cases (8.9%, 4/45) of local recurrence after surgery in the navigation group and 20 cases (21.9%, 20/91) in the non-navigation group, with significant difference (χ 2=4.040, P=0.046). There were 2 cases of final amputation and 2 cases of re-excision with recurrence in the navigation group and 6 cases of final amputation and 14 cases of re-excision in the non-navigation group. Distant metastases occurred in 3 cases (7%, 3/45) in the navigation group and 18 cases (20%, 18/91) in the non-navigation group wtih significant difference (χ 2=4.478, P=0.034). The five-year postoperative survival rates of the navigation and non-navigation groups were 93.3% and 72.6%, and the three- and five-year progression-free survival rates were 91.1% and 84.4% and 74.8% and 62.7%, respectively, with significant differences (χ 2=5.081, P=0.024; χ 2=6.800, P=0.009). The five-year survival rate of stage IB tumors was 96.7% in the navigation group and 84.5% in the non-navigation group with significant difference (χ 2=3.897, P=0.048); the five-year survival rate of stage IIB tumors was 75.0% in the navigation group and 35.0% in the non-navigation group with no significant difference ( P>0.05). Postoperative complications included 15 cases of postoperative infection, 16 cases of deep vein thrombosis, 14 cases of double lower limb inequality, 2 cases of prosthesis dislocation, 2 cases of lymphedema, 1 case of hernia and 1 case of allograft bone resorption. There was no significant difference of complication rates between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Computer navigation-assisted resection of pelvic chondrosarcoma was better in obtaining a safe surgical border of the tumor compared with traditional surgery, reducing the rate of local recurrence of the tumor and thus effectively improved the survival and prognosis of patients.

Objective:To compare the early therapeutic effects of internal fixation with percutaneous minimally invasive hollow nail assisted by electromagnetic navigation robot and guided by C-arm in the treatment of Tile type C pelvic fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 32 patients with Tile type C pelvic fracture admitted to Weihai Central Hospital from January 2020 to March 2022, including 18 males and 14 females; aged 36-60 years [(44.1±3.9)years]. Among them, 17 patients were treated with internal fixation with percutaneous minimally invasive hollow nail assisted by electromagnetic navigation robot (electromagnetic navigation group), and 15 with internal fixation with percutaneous minimally invasive hollow nail guided by C-arm (C-arm guidance group). Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, sacroiliac screw placement time, pubic branch screw placement time, ambulation time and fracture healing time were compared between the two groups. Visual analog scale (VAS), Majeed function score and complication rate at 1 day, 6 months, 12 months after surgery and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-24 months [(15.4±0.5)months]. The operative time and intraoperative blood loss in the electromagnetic navigation group were (42.0±2.5)minutes and (10.9±2.6)ml, shorter or less than (50.0±3.5)minutes and (14.9±3.1)ml in the C-arm guidance group (all P<0.01). The placement time of sacroiliac screw and pubic branch screw in the electromagnetic navigation group was (12.4±0.2)minutes and (10.1±0.3)minutes, shorter than (15.3±0.3)minutes and (13.2±0.3)minutes in the C-arm guidance group (all P<0.01). The ambulation time was (3.2±0.4)weeks in the electromagnetic navigation group, earlier than (3.5±0.4)weeks in the C-arm guidance group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in fracture healing time between the two groups ( P>0.05). VAS scores of the electromagnetic navigation group were (4.4±0.3)points and (1.1±0.1)points at 1 day and 6 months after surgery respectively, lower than those of the C-arm guidance group [(4.8±0.4)points and (1.2±0.3)points] ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Majeed function scores of the electromagnetic navigation group were (37.3±1.1)points and (88.5±1.4)points at 1 day and 6 months after surgery respectively, higher than those of the C-arm guidance group [(30.7±4.2)points and (82.6±1.8)points] (all P<0.01). There were no significant differences in VAS and Majeed scores at 12 months after surgery and at the last follow-up between the two groups (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with C-arm guidance, electromagnetic navigation robot-assisted internal fixation with percutaneous minimally invasive hollow nail for Tile type C pelvic fracture can reduce operative time and intraoperative blood loss, shorten screw placement time and ambulation time, relieve pain and improve functional recovery at early stage.

The clinical utilization of doxorubicin (Dox) in various malignancies is restrained by its major adverse effect: irreversible cardiomyopathy. Extensive studies have been done to explore the prevention of Dox cardiomyopathy. Currently, ferroptosis has been shown to participate in the incidence and development of Dox cardiomyopathy. Sorting Nexin 3 (SNX3), the retromer-associated cargo binding protein with important physiological functions, was identified as a potent therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy in our previous study. However, few study has shown whether SNX3 plays a critical role in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy. In this study, a decreased level of SNX3 in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy was observed. Cardiac-specific Snx3 knockout (Snx3-cKO) significantly alleviated cardiomyopathy by downregulating Dox-induced ferroptosis significantly. SNX3 was further demonstrated to exacerbate Dox-induced cardiomyopathy via induction of ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro, and cardiac-specific Snx3 transgenic (Snx3-cTg) mice were more susceptible to Dox-induced ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy. Mechanistically, SNX3 facilitated the recycling of transferrin 1 receptor (TFRC) via direct interaction, disrupting iron homeostasis, increasing the accumulation of iron, triggering ferroptosis, and eventually exacerbating Dox-induced cardiomyopathy. Overall, these findings established a direct SNX3-TFRC-ferroptosis positive regulatory axis in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy and suggested that targeting SNX3 provided a new effective therapeutic strategy for Dox-induced cardiomyopathy through TFRC-dependent ferroptosis.

Objective:To compair the clinical effect of endoscopic spine surgery with and without assistance of an electromagnetic navigation surgical robot(ENSR) system in the treatment of lumbar disc herniations(LDH).Methods:From March 2021 to December 2021, 73 patients with LDH underwent endoscopic minimally invasive treatment in the Department of Spine Surgery, Limin Hospital of Weihai High District. Thirty-eight patients were treated with endoscopic spine surgery assisted by domestic ENSR system(ENSR group), and 35 patients were treated with endoscopic spine surgery alone(endoscopic group). The patients received follow up regularly by telephone or Wechat. The intraoperative fluoroscopy times, puncture times, upper facet arthroplasty times, operation time, preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores(JOA), and the MOS item short from health survey(SF-36)were compared between the 2 groups. The early postoperative efficacy was evaluated by modified MacNab criteria at 1 week after surgery. SPSS 26.0 was used to analyse the data. P<0.05 was considered that the difference was statistically significant. Results:The age, gender, body mass index(BMI) and other general data of the 2 groups were basically the same, and there was no statistically significant difference( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of postoperative treatment between ENSR group(97.37%) and endoscopic group(94.29%)( Z=0.90, P>0.05). In terms of operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, puncture times, and plasty times, ENSR group[(67.00±17.00) min, (4±2) times, 1 time, 1 time, respectively] was compared with the endoscopic group[(82.00±16.00] min, (17±6) times, (9±5) times, (5±2) times], and the difference was statistically significant( t=3.87,12.62, 9.87, respectively, P<0.05). There were significant differences in VAS, JOA and SF-36 scores between the 2 groups between before and after surgery( F=106.42, 112.14, 26.88, respectively, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS, JOA and SF-36 scores before and after surgery between the 2 groups( F=0.95, 3.54, 0.97, respectively, P>0.05). Conclusion:The endoscopic spine surgery assisted by the ENSR can achieve satisfactory clinical results and is a safe and effective surgical assistance system. For the endoscopic surgery, assisted by the ENSR has obvious advantages in reducing the times of fluoroscopy, puncture, and facet arthroplasty, and shortening the operation time.