OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of standard decoction of Longan seed. METHODS The amount of water added， extraction time and extraction times as the influencing factors， using the extract yield， gallic acid content， corilagin content， ellagic acid content， half clearance concentration （IC50） of 1，1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （DPPH） free radical and IC50 of 2，2′-azino-bis （3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） ammonium salt （ABTS） free radical as the evaluation indexes， the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）， criteria importarue though inter-criteria correlation （CRITIC） and AHP-CRITIC method were used to calculate the weight values of each index； the extraction process of Longan seed standard decoction was optimized by single factor test combined with orthogonal experiment； validation test was also performed. RESULTS According to the AHP-CRITIC method， the weights of the above indicators were determined to be 9.224%， 11.784%， 19.320%， 11.206%， 20.597%， 27.869%， respectively. The best process of standard decoction of longan seed was to add 14 times water for the first extraction and extract for 30 minutes； and 12 times water for the second and third extractions， and extract for 20 minutes. Average comprehensive score of the 3 times validation experiments was 97.96 and the RSD was 0.97% （n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS The process is simple to operate， stable and feasible， which can provide a experimental basis for the further development and utilization of standard decoction of longan seed.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of public health emergencies in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the reference for prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods: Data of public health emergencies and related information in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023 were collected through Emergency Public Reporting System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Attack rates, and distribution of time, areas and places were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 276 public health emergencies were reported in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023. There were 10 324 reported cases and 7 deaths, with an attack rate of 0.32%. There were 53 Ⅳ-level (19.20%) and 223 unclassified public health emergencies (80.80%). Infectious disease emergencies were predominant types, accounting for 97.83% (270 events). The three most common infectious disease emergencies were other infectious diarrhea (42.03%), influenza (21.01%) and COVID-19 (16.30%). The reported public health emergencies peaked in November and December, with 66 and 45 events reported, respectively. The three most counties (cities, districts) included Yiwu City, Wucheng District and Lanxi City, accounting for 24.28% (67 events), 18.48% (51 events) and 11.96% (33 events), respectively. School and preschool institutions were predominant places where public health emergencies occurred (198 events, 71.74%). Conclusions The public health emergencies in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023 were Ⅳ-level and unclassified emergencies, and infectious disease emergencies were predominant. November and December were the peak reporting periods, and schools and preschool institutions were the main places where these events occurred.

Background Hypertension is one of the chronic diseases with the highest prevalence in China, and a history of hypertension may potentially exacerbate hearing loss. Investigating the association between long-term blood pressure trends and hearing thresholds could contribute to hearing protection efforts for occupationally noise-exposed populations. Objective By investigating hearing thresholds and blood pressure levels among occupationally noise-exposed workers in an urban rail transit enterprise, and conducting a comprehensive analysis of the association between long-term blood pressure changes and hearing thresholds, to provide data references for health management strategies targeting occupationally noise-exposed workers. Methods Workers exposed to occupational noise at a rail transit enterprise were enrolled as study subjects and underwent pure-tone audiometry. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify blood pressure trajectories. Categorical data were compared using chi-square tests, while normally distributed continuous variables were analyzed via t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were subsequently applied toexamine associations between these trajectory groups and high-frequency hearing thresholds. Results Among 2 002 occupationally noise-exposed workers, the median (P₂₅, P₇₅) age was 32 (28, 35) years, with a median (P₂₅, P₇₅) working tenure of 7 (3, 10) years. In 2019, the positive hypertension rate was 9.04%, with a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of (122.97±11.60) mmHg and a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of (76.37±9.02) mmHg. The hearing loss prevalence was 10.1%, showing bilateral high-frequency average hearing thresholds of (17.18±8.71) dB and speech-frequency average thresholds of (13.79±3.46) dB. Three distinct trajectory groups were identified for both SBP and DBP. Compared with other trajectory groups, the high-stable DBP group exhibited significantly higher hearing loss prevalence (χ²=6.34, P=0.042) and elevated high-frequency hearing thresholds (all Ps<0.05). Specifically, within the 30-39 age subgroup, the moderate-stable DBP group demonstrated 1.96 dB lower high-frequency thresholds than the high-stable group [β(95%CI): −1.96 (−3.61, −0.32), P=0.020]. Conclusion Among occupationally noise-exposed workers in a municipal rail transit enterprise, DBP trajectories demonstrated a positive association with high-frequency hearing thresholds. Notably, in young and middle-aged occupationally noise-exposed populations, DBP may exert a more critical influence than SBP on the progression of hearing loss.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for vaccination willingness of herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) among the elderly, so as to provide the basis for improving the HZV vaccination strategy for the elderly. Methods: From July 2023 to June 2024, permanent residents aged ≥60 years in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province were selected using the multistage random sampling method and probability proportionate to size sampling method. Basic information, disease history, awareness of herpes zoster (HZ) and HZV, vaccination history, and vaccination willingness of HZV were collected through questionnaire surveys. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for vaccination willingness of HZV among the elderly. Results: Totally 1 209 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.95%. The respondents included 657 males (54.34%) and 552 females (45.66%). Among them, 626 (51.78%) individuals were aged 60 -<70 years. There were 113 individuals had vaccination willingness of HZV, with a vaccination willingness rate of 9.35%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.872, 95%CI: 1.624-5.080), urban (OR=4.909, 95%CI: 2.732-8.818), individual monthly income of 1 000-<2 000 yuan (OR=3.085, 95%CI: 1.602-5.940), accessibility of vaccination clinics (OR=5.717, 95%CI: 1.109-29.462), presence of chronic diseases (OR=2.423, 95%CI: 1.325-4.431), history of varicella infection (OR=2.114, 95%CI: 1.213-3.684), awareness of HZ (OR=2.194, 95%CI: 1.096-4.394), awareness of HZV (OR=3.562, 95%CI: 2.005-6.330), history of influenza vaccine vaccination (OR=7.833, 95%CI: 4.189-14.645), and history of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine vaccination (OR=2.955, 95%CI: 1.603-5.449) were promoting factors for vaccination willingness of HZV. Conclusion The vaccination willingness rate of HZV among the elderly is relatively low, which is mainly affected by factors such as gender, residence, individual monthly income, accessibility of vaccination clinics, presence of chronic diseases, history of varicella infection, awareness of HZ and HZV, and history of influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine vaccination.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a deadly condition of the aorta, carrying a significant risk of death upon rupture. Currently, there is a dearth of efficacious pharmaceutical interventions to impede the advancement of AAA and avert it from rupturing. Here, we investigated dihydromyricetin (DHM), one of the predominant bioactive flavonoids in Ampelopsis grossedentata (A. grossedentata), as a potential agent for inhibiting AAA. DHM effectively blocked the formation of AAA in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE^-/-) mice. A combination of network pharmacology and whole transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that DHM's anti-AAA action is linked to heme oxygenase (HO)-1 (Hmox-1 for the rodent gene) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Remarkably, DHM caused a robust rise (∼10-fold) of HO-1 protein expression in VSMCs, thereby suppressing VSMC inflammation and oxidative stress and preserving the VSMC contractile phenotype. Intriguingly, the therapeutic effect of DHM on AAA was largely abrogated by VSMC-specific Hmox1 knockdown in mice. Mechanistically, on one hand, DHM increased the transcription of Hmox-1 by triggering the nuclear translocation and activation of HIF-1α, but not nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). On the other hand, molecular docking, combined with cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and site mutant experiments revealed that DHM bonded to HO-1 at Lys243 and prevented its degradation, thereby resulting in considerable HO-1 buildup. In summary, our findings suggest that naturally derived DHM has the capacity to markedly enhance HO-1 expression in VSMCs, which may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for AAA.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) is a promising target for sensitizing solid tumors to immune checkpoint blockades. However, the highly polar active sites of PTPN2 hinder drug discovery efforts. Leveraging small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology, we developed a novel glutathione-responsive nano-platform HPssPT (HA/PEIss@siPtpn2) to silence PTPN2 and enhance immunotherapy efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HPssPT showed potent transfection and favorable safety profiles. PTPN2 deficiency induced by HPssPT amplified the interferon γ signaling in HCC cells by increasing the phosphorylation of Janus-activated kinase 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, resulting in enhanced antigen presentation and T cell activation. The nano-platform was also able to promote the M1-like polarization of macrophages in vitro. The unique tropism of HPssPT towards tumor-associated macrophages, facilitated by hyaluronic acid coating and CD44 receptor targeting, allowed for simultaneous reprogramming of both tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages, thereby synergistically reshaping tumor microenvironment to an immunostimulatory state. In HCC, colorectal cancer, and melanoma animal models, HPssPT monotherapy provoked robust antitumor immunity, thereby sensitizing tumors to PD-1 blockade, which provided new inspiration for siRNA-based drug discovery and tumor immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVE To establish anticoagulation pharmaceutical service model based on the integrated theory of health behavior change （ITHBC）， and analyze its effects. METHODS Referring to relevant literature and soliciting opinions from 8 experts from departments such as pharmacy， respiratory medicine， and vascular surgery， a anticoagulation pharmaceutical service model based on ITHBC was ultimately formed. VTE inpatients were selected from The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from December 2023 to June 2024 as the research subjects. They were randomly assigned into intervention group （58 cases） and control group （60 cases） using a random number table method. The intervention group implemented pharmacist-led anticoagulant pharmaceutical service model based on ITHBC， while the control group adopted a conventional anticoagulant pharmaceutical service model. The anticoagulation-related outcomes of two groups were compared after 3 months： anticoagulation compliance rate， the incidence of adverse drug reactions， the score of medication adherence and compliance rate of anticoagulant prescription； economic evaluation was conducted. RESULTS After implementing ITHBC-based anticoagulant pharmaceutical services for 3 months， the intervention group had higher anticoagulation compliance rate， score of medication adherence， and compliance rate of anticoagulant prescription than the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups （P＞0.05）. For every 1% point increase in anticoagulant compliance rate， the hospital needed to invest 4.35 yuan additionally in anticoagulant pharmaceutical service fees. Compared with China’s per capita gross domestic product （GDP， 89 358 yuan） in 2023， the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio value that increased the anticoagulation compliance rate by 50% is far less than one time of per capita GDP. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacist- led anticoagulant pharmaceutical service model based on ITHBC can effectively improve the outcomes of anticoagulant therapy for VTE patients， enhance medication compliance， improve patients’ awareness and recognition of adverse drug reactions to anticoagulants， and has certain economic and social benefits.

Objective To examine the precise function of influenza A virus target genes(IATGs)in malignancy. Methods Using multi-omics data from the TCGA and TCPA datasets,33 tumor types were evaluated for IATGs.IATG expression in cancer cells was analyzed using transcriptome analysis.Copy number variation(CNV)was assessed using GISTICS 2.0.Spearman's analysis was used to correlate mRNA expression with methylation levels.GSEA was used for the enrichment analysis.Pearson's correlation analysis was used to examine the association between IATG mRNA expression and IC50.The ImmuCellAI algorithm was used to calculate the infiltration scores of 24 immune cell types. Results In 13 solid tumors,IATG mRNA levels were atypically expressed.Except for UCS,UVM,KICH,PCPG,THCA,CHOL,LAMI,and MESO,most cancers contained somatic IATG mutations.The main types of CNVs in IATGs are heterozygous amplifications and deletions.In most tumors,IATG mRNA expression is adversely associated with methylation.RT-PCR demonstrated that EGFR,ANXA5,CACNA1C,CD209,UVRAG were upregulated and CLEC4M was downregulated in KIRC cell lines,consistent with the TCGA and GTEx data. Conclusion Genomic changes and clinical characteristics of IATGs were identified,which may offer fresh perspectives linking the influenza A virus to cancer.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Gansu Province.Methods:The information of HFRS case data and rodent density monitoring data from 2012 to 2022 in Gansu Province were collected and epidemiological methods were used to analyze and investigate the characteristics of the epidemic focus.Results:A total of 869 cases of HFRS were reported, and four patients died from 2012 to 2022. The annual incidence rate is between 0.05 per 100 000 and 1.21 per 100 000. The cases were mainly distributed in the eastern, southeast, southern, and south of the central region of Gansu Province. Most cases were distributed between age 20-60, and the sex ratio was 1.85∶1 (564∶305). Most cases were farmers (61.80%, 537/869), herdsmen (19.79%,172/869) and students (6.33%, 55/869). In a wild rat-type epidemic focus,the incidence peak was from November to January of the following year. The natural rodent hosts of HFRS were Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, and Mus musculus. The hantaan virus carriage rates were 2.79% (21/754), 0.42% (5/1 179) and 0.31% (2/643),respectively. Three epidemic foci were defined: two derived from the Pingliang and Gannan prefecture new outbreaks epidemic foci, respectively, while the other was the residue of the Dingxi epidemic focus. Conclusions:The southern, south of the central region and eastern part of Gansu Province are current key HFRS epidemic foci dominated by Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, and Mus musculus, respectively. The virus genotype is hantaan virus. Case reporting areas should strengthen epidemic monitoring; the key epidemic areas should strengthen and implement various prevention and control measures to reduce the harm caused by HFRS.

Bioactive compounds derived from herbal medicinal plants modulate various therapeutic targets and signaling pathways associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's primary cause of death. Ginkgo biloba, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with notable cardiovascular actions, has been used as a cardio- and cerebrovascular therapeutic drug and nutraceutical in Asian countries for centuries. Preclinical studies have shown that ginkgolide B, a bioactive component in Ginkgo biloba, can ameliorate atherosclerosis in cultured vascular cells and disease models. Of clinical relevance, several clinical trials are ongoing or being completed to examine the efficacy and safety of ginkgolide B-related drug preparations in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemia stroke. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and mechanisms of action of ginkgolide B in atherosclerosis prevention and therapy. We highlight new molecular targets of ginkgolide B, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NADPH oxidase), lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), platelet-activating factor (PAF), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and others. Finally, we provide an overview and discussion of the therapeutic potential of ginkgolide B and highlight the future perspective of developing ginkgolide B as an effective therapeutic agent for treating atherosclerosis.