Objective: To explore the intra class transmission pattern of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) among students, so as to provide a basis for formulating precise prevention and control strategies. Methods: The data of AHC students in 2023 was obtained from the teacher-student health information module of the "Xiamen i-Education" platform. Taking the onset date from January 1st to December 31st, 2023 as the search criteria, the epidemiological data of confirmed AHC cases among students in the whole city in 2023 was collected. And the Knox test method was employed to quantify cluster risk at the class level. Subgroup comparisons were conducted to examine differences in cluster risk between academic stages and gender combinations. Cross analysis was performed to investigate the interactive effects of two characteristics on cluster risk. Results: In 2023, 708 cases of AHC students were reported in Xiamen, among which 54 class clustered outbreaks were identified. These outbreaks accounted for 40.54% of total cases. Among them, the incidence of class clustered outbreaks with male first onset cases was higher than that with female first onset cases ( χ 2=4.55, P <0.05). The class cluster risk was at a relatively high level within the incubation period (0-2 d) after AHC onset ( RR =4.61-6.43, P <0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that female-female case pairs had a higher class cluster risk ( RR = 4.81- 10.29) compared to other gender combinations ( P <0.05). Primary school case pairs showed a higher risk ( RR =4.60-6.77) than middle school case pairs ( RR =3.85-4.57) (both P <0.05). Cross analysis indicated that primary school and female-female combinations had a higher risk ( RR =4.70-11.24) than other combinations, while middle school and male-female combinations showed a positive interaction ( RR =3.68-6.68)(both P <0.05). Conclusions AHC infection among students is primarily transmitted within classes. Gender and educational stage are key demographic factors influencing class cluster transmission risks. Transmission risks should be assessed by analyzing population characteristics and contact patterns, and targeted interventions should be implemented.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence,mortality and survival of cancers in Xiamen City in 2020.[Methods]The data relating to the incidence and mortality of cancers in Xiamen was collected from the Tumor Registration Information Direct Reporting Platform of Fujian Province to calculate the crude rate,age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population(ASRC),cumula-tive rate,truncated rate and their rank.The 5-year survival rate was analyzed by Period Analysis method.[Results]In 2020,the reported incidence rate of cancers in Xiamen residents was 350.46/105.The ASRC,the cumulative rate(0～74 years old),and the truncated rate of incidence(35～64 years old)were 275.12/105,29.70％,477.37/105,respectively.The top five cancers of in-cidence were lung cancer,female breast cancer,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer and liver cancer.The incidence of cancers in men was higher than that in women(ASRC:280.14/105 vs 271.45/105).The curde mortality rate of cancers was 150.62/105.The ASRC,the cumulative rate(0～74 years old),and the truncated rate(35～64 years old)of mortality were 109.62/105,12.27％,160.38/105,respectively.The top five cancer deaths were lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,esoph-agus cancer and stomach cancer.The mortality of caners in men was much higher than that in women(ASRC:155.01/105 vs 69.11/105).The 5-year observed survival rate(OSR),relative sur-vival rate(RSR)and age-standardized relative survival rate(ARSR)were 53.09％(95％C1:51.80％～54.36％),56.30％(95％CI:54.94％～57.65％)and 48.14％(95％CI:46.67％～49.64％),respectively.The 5-year ARSR was lower in men than that in women(40.23％vs 57.75％).[Conclusion]The comprehensive diagnosis and treatment level of cancers in Xiamen is in the middle and above level of the country,but the incidence rate is high.Prevention and control should be strengthened,fo-cusing on the growth trend of thyroid cancer,lung cancer,breast cancer,colorectal cancer and so on.

Objective:To investigate the resistance of adult Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides, in order to scientifically select and use insecticides. Methods:In Siming, Jimei and Haicang districts of Xiamen City in September 2018, and in Siming, Jimei and Xiang'an districts of Xiamen City in August 2019, larvae and egg blocks of Aedes albopictus in the field were collected by ladle method, and then raised to adult mosquitoes in the laboratory. The resistance of adult Aedes albopictus to 7 commonly used insecticides was determined by the contact tube method, and the knockdown rate of 1 h and mortality rate of 24 h recovery were calculated. The resistance level was determined according to the mortality rate: ≥98% was the sensitive group (S); 80% - < 98% was potential resistant group (M); < 80% was resistant group (R). Results:In 2018 and 2019, adult Aedes albopictus were exposed to 0.1% deltamethrin, 0.4% beta-cypermethrin, 0.5% lambda-cyhalothrin, 1.4% alpha-cypermethrin, 3% permethrin, 0.5% malathion and 0.05% propoxur, the knockdown rates of 1 h were 95.1% (117/123), 98.3% (115/117), 100.0% (116/116), 99.2% (120/121), 98.4% (123/125), 97.5% (119/122), 100.0% (127/127) and 96.7% (118/122), 98.6% (143/145), 100.0% (139/139), 100.0% (149/149), 98.0% (146/149), 96.8% (121/125), and 100.0% (126/126), respectively. In 2018, the mortality rates of 24 h recovery were 91.1% (112/123), 78.6% (92/117), 75.0% (87/116), 88.4% (107/121), 96.0% (120/125), 99.2% (121/122), and 100.0% (127/127), respectively. In 2019, the adjusted mortality rates of 24 h recovery were 74.9%, 76.9%, 79.5%, 91.4%, 92.3%, 100.0%, and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusions:Adult Aedes albopictus in Xiamen City is sensitive to malathion and propoxur, and it has a high resistance to pyrethroids insecticides such as deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen resistance monitoring and use different insecticides in turn to reduce and delay the development of resistance.

Objective To establish the quality standards for salt eucommia dispensing granules. Methods The extractives were obtained by alcohol extraction method. HPLC was applied for the determination of pinoresinol diglucoside in dispensing granules. HPLC fingerprints were established by the contrast of Agilent 1260 HPLC, Waters HPLC and various chromatogram column. Results Pinoresinol diglucoside showed a good linear relationship ( Y = 2. 9594X + 3. 2825,R2 =0.9999) at 102.8-2056.0 mg?L-1 with average recovery of 99.85％ (RSD = 0.31％,n = 9). Conclusion The method is easy-operated and accurate,which has a good specificity for the quality control of common salt eucommia dispensing granules.

Objective:To study the effect and safety of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Meth-ods:Clinical data of 306 patients,who received PCI in our hospital from Mar 2012 to Jan 2014,were retrospectively analyzed,including radial group (n=153),and femoral group (n=153).Therapeutic effect,time and postoperative complications etc.were compared between two groups.Results:A total of 151 cases completed PCI successfully in radial group,the success rate was 98.7%;a total of 150 cases completed PCI successfully in femoral group,the suc-cess rate was 98.0%,there was no significant difference in success rate of operation between two groups,P >0.05. Compared with femoral group,there were significant reductions in hospitalization time [(8.0±3.5)d vs.(3.5± 1.7)d],treatment cost [(3.74±2.06) × 104 yuan vs.(2.61 ± 1.4) × 104 yuan],P <0.01 both,in incidence rates of postoperative coronary occlusion (3.92% vs.0%),arrhythmia (11.76% vs.1.31%),vascular spasm (6.54% vs.1.96%)and hematoma (7.19% vs.0.65%)etc.in radial group,P < 0.05 or < 0.01. Conclusion:Transradial PCI possesses better effect than that of transfemoral ,and it can reduce hospitalization time,cost and postoperative complications,which is worth extending.

Objective To analyze the optimal scales of secondary public hospitals so as to optimize the expansion of public hospitals.Methods Forty-six secondary public general hospitals in Beijing were selected as the sample,with input and output indicators pinpointed,for analysis of the status of economic return to scale of such hospitals from 1996 to 2012,and identification of inflexion points of the returns to scale.These efforts will help find an optimal scale of such hospitals.Resalts The period from 1996 to 2012 found the general effectiveness of such hospitals in a decline.In 2012,only 4 of the 46 hospitals were in DEA effectiveness status,and the other 42 hospitals were not; Forty-three inflexion points were identified.This study found that the strict control standards for secondary public general hospitals in Beijing were 298 beds and 585 staffs; the flexible control standards were 421 beds and 807 staffs.Conclclsion The optimal scales for secondary public hospitals were drown from the analysis,for references of other regions in China.The hospitals should prioritize resources efficiency instead of scale expansion.

Fed with high-fat diet and assessed by hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia clamp technique, rat models with insulin resistance were successfully induced. Compared with normal chow group ( NC ), serum concentrations of free-fatty acids(FFAs) and baseline insulin in high-fat diet group(HF) was higher( P＜0.05 ), the average glucose infusion rate from 60 to 120 min( GIR60-120 ) was lower( P＜0.01 ), and the expression of p-IRE-lα in the liver was higher( P＜0.05 ). Furthermore, the expression of p-IRE-1α in the liver was positvely correlated with the serum concentration of FFAs. All these data indicate that high-fat diet may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver by elevating serum concentration of FFAs, and may participate in the genesis of insulin resistance via p-IRE-1α.

Objective To investigate the effect of swimming exercise on insulin sensitivity and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)mRNA expression in muscle tissue of insulin-resistant (IR) rats induced by high-fat diet.Methods The IR rat model was induced by high-fat diet feeding for 10 weeks and assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique (HEC). The rats were divided into the fllowing three groups: normal group without exercise, IR groups with and without swimming exercise. After 4 weeks swimming excersie, insulin sensitivity and serum IL-1β levels were measured.Results Glucose infusion rate (GIR) of the IR rats was significantly elevated than that of non-exercise IR rats (P<0.01). Moreover, serum IL-1β levels were reduced markedly in IR rats (P<0.01). Conclusion High-fat diet feeding can partly reverse IR of rats to normal value. Swimming exercise improves insulin sensitivity and reduces the levels of IL-1β in IR rats induced by high-fat diet.

OBJECTIVETo determine whether affected reticulocytes could be a reliable marker for the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), we analyzed CD59-antigen expression on the membranes of reticulocytes and erythrocytes.

METHODSWe studied 10 PNH patients and 5 healthy volunteers by two-color flow cytometry with a membrane permeable fluorescent dye, thiazole orange (TO), and anti-CD59 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). TO was introduced to gate reticulocytes and anti-CD59 MoAb were used to identify glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-deficient cells.

RESULTSCells from healthy individuals were only CD59 positive. However, in all PNH patients, CD59-antigen expression could be divided into 3 types: type I cells (CD59 normally positive), type II cells (CD59 partly positive) and type III cells (CD59 negative). The majority of reticulocytes belonged to type III cells, GPI-deficient cells (61.0%). In addition, the percentage of affected reticulocytes was higher than that of erythrocytes.

CONCLUSIONSAnalyzing PNH reticulocytes was important, because most patients had elevated numbers of reticulocytes, which represent more closely the recent erythroid output of BM. However, circulating mature erythrocytes were subject to complement-mediated intravascular lysis. Therefore, the percentage of abnormal erythrocytes may not accurately reflect the proliferation rate of normal and abnormal erythroid progenitor cells. Thus, affected reticulocytes could be a more reliable indicator for the diagnosis of PNH than mature erythrocytes.

Adult ; CD59 Antigens ; analysis ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reticulocytes ; cytology ; immunology