Objective:To explore the characteristics of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:Cerebrospinal fluids from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and healthy controls attending the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2023 to October 2024 were collected and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry, and T and NK cell characteristics were summarized and compared in the two groups. The proposed time-series analysis was used to explore the differentiation trajectories of T cells and NK cells.Results:A total of 3 patients with RRMS and 3 healthy controls underwent scRNA-seq, and 6 patients with RRMS and 4 healthy controls underwent flow cytometry. The composition of cerebrospinal fluid T and NK cell subtypes was similar in the RRMS group and the healthy control group, but the proportion of the cell subtypes differed. The RRMS group exhibited significantly higher frequencies of CD4 +Naive T- IL7R [1 529/9 055(16.89%) vs 1 423/9 910(14.36%), χ2=22.980, P<0.001], CD4 +Naive T- CCR7 [1 573/9 055(17.37%) vs 948/9 910(9.57%), χ2=250.114, P<0.001], and CD4 +Naive T- LTB [1 369/9 055(15.12%) vs 1 079/9 910(10.89%), χ2=75.336, P<0.001] subsets compared to controls. Conversely, the control group demonstrated greater proportions of CD4 +Th1- GZMA [1 255/9 910(12.66%) vs 719/9 055(7.94%), χ2=113.213, P<0.001] and CD8 +Tem- GZMK cells [1 607/9 910(16.22%) vs 1 232/9 055(13.61%), χ2=25.326, P<0.001] than the RRMS group. The transcription factors and gene expression of each T cell subtype were also different between the 2 groups, and CD4 initial T cells and CD8 effector T cells were located at the beginning and the end of the differentiation trajectory, respectively. Conclusions:The cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients is characterized by increased expression of genes involved in T cell differentiation and over-activation of immune cells.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:Cerebrospinal fluids from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and healthy controls attending the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2023 to October 2024 were collected and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry, and T and NK cell characteristics were summarized and compared in the two groups. The proposed time-series analysis was used to explore the differentiation trajectories of T cells and NK cells.Results:A total of 3 patients with RRMS and 3 healthy controls underwent scRNA-seq, and 6 patients with RRMS and 4 healthy controls underwent flow cytometry. The composition of cerebrospinal fluid T and NK cell subtypes was similar in the RRMS group and the healthy control group, but the proportion of the cell subtypes differed. The RRMS group exhibited significantly higher frequencies of CD4 +Naive T- IL7R [1 529/9 055(16.89%) vs 1 423/9 910(14.36%), χ2=22.980, P<0.001], CD4 +Naive T- CCR7 [1 573/9 055(17.37%) vs 948/9 910(9.57%), χ2=250.114, P<0.001], and CD4 +Naive T- LTB [1 369/9 055(15.12%) vs 1 079/9 910(10.89%), χ2=75.336, P<0.001] subsets compared to controls. Conversely, the control group demonstrated greater proportions of CD4 +Th1- GZMA [1 255/9 910(12.66%) vs 719/9 055(7.94%), χ2=113.213, P<0.001] and CD8 +Tem- GZMK cells [1 607/9 910(16.22%) vs 1 232/9 055(13.61%), χ2=25.326, P<0.001] than the RRMS group. The transcription factors and gene expression of each T cell subtype were also different between the 2 groups, and CD4 initial T cells and CD8 effector T cells were located at the beginning and the end of the differentiation trajectory, respectively. Conclusions:The cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients is characterized by increased expression of genes involved in T cell differentiation and over-activation of immune cells.

Aortic dissection, especially Stanford type A aortic dissection, is an acutely progressive and highly fatal cardiovascular disease.Early prevention and timely treatment can greatly reduce mortality and reduce the burden on families and society.However, due to the etiological mechanism is still unclear, the clinical treatment is still mainly surgery, and the early prevention and drug application are very limited.And some recent studies have found that ferroptosis may play an important role in the occurrence and development of aortic dissection, revealing the relationship between them may provide ideas for the prevention, treatment and scientific research of the disease.

BACKGROUND:Kidney-tonifying herbs have been reported to promote tendon-bone healing in rabbits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). OBJECTIVE:To verify the effects of kidney-tonifying herbs on tendon-bone healing after ACLR. METHODS:Seventy patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury undergoing ACLR were randomly assigned to study group (administration of Liuwei dihuang pil s+celecoxib) and control group (administration of celecoxib alone). Preoperative, postoperative 6-and 12-month assessments of patients by the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form and MRI imaging were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Postoperative Lysholm scores were significantly increased compared with preoperation in the study and control groups (P<0.05), and the scores of sections stair-climbing and instability and total scores of the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale in the study group were superior to those in the control group (P<0.05). Postoperative IKDC scores were significantly increased compared with pre-operation in the study and control groups (P<0.05), and the scores of section flaccid leg and subjective function and total scores of the IKDC in the study group were superior to the control group (P<0.05). The enlargement rate of middle and proximal parts of grafts was significantly increased in the study group compared with the control group 6 months postoperatively (P<0.05), and the enlargement rate of middle and distal parts of grafts was significantly increased in the study group compared with the control group 12 months postoperatively (P<0.05). The tibial and femoral tunnel enlargement was observed in both groups at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P<0.05). The enlargement rate of the tibial tunnel was significantly decreased in the study group compared with in the control group (P<0.05). The signal-noise ratio of the femoral end and middle part of grafts in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group 6 months postoperatively (P<0.01). In contrast, the signal-noise ratio of the femoral end and middle part of grafts in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group 12 months postoperatively (P<0.05). Our results indicate that kidney-tonifying herbs can improve the tendon-bone healing after ACLR.

Objective To compare the cell-killing and sensitization effect of 6-gingerol on human hepatoma carcinoma (HepG-2) cell in normal mode versus hypoxia-hypoglycemia mode in chemotherapy.Methods The HepG-2 cells was cultured to logarithmic phase and treated with adriamyein doxorubicin hydrochloride (ADM) (5,10,15,20,40,60 mg/L) and 6-gingerol(25,50,100,200 μmol/L)in different concentrations.Then the cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay kit was used to determine the proliferation inhibition of HepG-2 cells.Cell apoptosis was detected by combining flow cytometry and AnnexinV-FITC PI double staining after treated with different drugs.The expressions of bcl-2,bax and birc-5 mRNA in HepG-2 cells was detected by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay.Results 6-gingerol and ADM had a certain degree of growth inhibition on HepG-2 cells.In two modes,the inhibition ratios of the 6-gingerol and ADM were both increased along with the increase of the concentration,which showed a dose-dependent manner.Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the apoptosis rate in the control group,6-gingerol group,ADM group and the 6-gingerol+ADM group in the normal mode was (7.98±0.76)％,(9.63 ± 1.00) ％,(12.70 ± 2.13) ％ and (19.92 ± 1.41) ％ respectively.The apoptosis rate in the control group,6-gingerol group,ADM group and the 6-gingerol+ ADM group in the hypoxia-hypoglycemia mode was (13.92 ± 2.02)％,(19.36 ±-1.22)％,(27.87 ± 0.99)％ and (38.63 ± 2.25)％ respectively.It demonstrated that the apoptosis rate was increased in the experimental groups as compared to the control group under the two culture conditions(the normal mode and the hypoxiahypoglycemia mode)(t=7.250,5.259,12.185,8.140,15.000,47.576,respectively,all P＜0.05,0.01 or 0.001).The combination group had the highest number of apoptosis cells,and the number of apoptosis cells was higher in hypoxia-hypoglycemia group than in normal culture group.Real-time PCR analysis showed that,compared with the control group,the expressions of bcl-2 and birc-5 mRNA were decreased and the expression of bax mRNA had no significant changes in experimental group under the normal culture conditions.The expressions of bcl-2 and birc-5 mRNA were significantly decreased and the expression of bax mRNA was increased in experimental group as compared with the control group under the hypoxia-hypoglycemia conditions.Under the hypoxiahypoglycemia environment,the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was significantly increased,the expressions of bax and birc-5 mRNA was significantly reduced,and the ratio of bcl-2 and bax was significantly increased as compared with the normal culture conditions.Conclusions 6 gingerol may decrease the inhibitory effect of survivin protein on tumor cells apoptosis by reduced the expression of birc-5,which generates the cell-killing and sensitizing effect on HepG-2 cell in chemotherapy.This performance is more obvious in the hypoxia-hypoglycemia environment.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) on lumbar spondylolisthesis and lumbar instability in Chinese patients.Methods Literatures about clinical effects of TLIF and PLIT on lumbar spondylolisthesis and lumbar instability were collected from Chinese academic literature database (CNKI),Chinese biomedical literature database (CMBdisc),Wanfang database and Chinese journals of orthopedics.Data from those literatures including operation time,bleeding volume,surgical complications,postoperative interspace height,visual analog scale (VAS) score,Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and improvement rate of Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were analyzed by Stata SE 11.2 software.Results A total of 12 literatures met the inclusion criteria and 1041 cases were included (PLIF group,n=520; PLIF group,n=521).The operation time was longer in PLIF group than in TLIF group [standardized mean difference (SMD)=1.26,95％CI:0.58-1.94,P＜0.001].The bleeding volume was more in PLIF group than in TLIF group SMD=1.70,95％CI:0.94 2.46,P＜0.001).The surgical complications were more in PLIF group than in TLIF group (SMD=4.50,95％CI:2.65-7.64,P＜0.001).There were no statistical differences in postoperative interspace height,VAS score,ODI score,improvement rate of JOA score and fusion rate between the two groups [SMD=-0.07,-0.07,0.15,1.43,95％CI:-0.44-0.30,-0.27-0.13,-0.06-0.35,0.75-2.73,0.63-2.15,respectively,all P＞0.05].Conclusions TLIF has significant advantages on decreasing operation time,bleeding volume and risk of surgical complications as compared with PLIF.TLIF and PLIF have the same clinical efficacy on restoring and maintaining postoperative interspace height.

Objective To investigate the impacts of psychosocial factors on the development of breast cancer.Methods Thirty-seven patients with confirmed breast cancer and 37 healthy women were enrolled in this study to complete psychological assessment,including ENRICH marital inventory,Life Event Scale(LES),Social Support Rate Scale(SSRS),and Trait Copying Styles Questionnaire(TCSQ).Results In comparison with the healthy controls,the patients experienced more stress events and negative response,and lowered quality of marriage over the last 5 years.The logistic regressive analyses indicated that the important contributors to breast cancer were stress events,objective social support and negative coping styles.Conclusion Stress events,insufficient access to available psychosocial support and negative responses are important risk factors of breast cancer in women.

OBJECTIVE To understand and use reasonably the strategy of prevention and management of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection(OPSI). METHODS According to intervention to patients with postsplenectomy by means of education,vaccination,antibotic prophylaxis after April 1998,clinical and follow-up data were reviewed and analyzed from 337 cases patients with traumatic splenectomy from Jan 1992 to Jan 2004,and correlative factors of four OPSI cases were further analyzed. RESULTS Incidence of OPSI descended obviously after intervention(P

0.05). Conclusions E 3/3 and the prevalence of ? 3 allele were significantly higher in Shandong elderly population.