ObjectiveTo establish a quality evaluation method for Zhuye Shigao granules（Zhuye Shigaotang） based on fingerprint and determination of index components， and to investigate the therapeutic effect of Zhuye Shigao granules on mice with cold-dampness pestilence attacking lung syndrome. MethodsThe fingerprint of Zhuye Shigao granules was established by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the methods for determination of total calcium， orientin， isoorientin， ginsenosides Rg₁， Re and Rb₁ and other 2 index components were established. Fifty ICR mice were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， Zhuye Shigao granules low， medium and high dose groups（9.3， 18.6， 37.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. In addition to the blank group， the model mice with cold-dampness pestilence attacking lung syndrome was prepared by nasal drip of lipopolysaccharide combined with cold-dampness environment. Each administration group was given the corresponding liquid by gavage according to the dose， while the blank group and model group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage. Then， the body temperature and organ index of mice in each group were measured， hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to investigate the lung tissue injury of mice in each group， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the changes of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， interleukin（IL）-lβ， IL-6， IL-10 levels in serum and lung tissue， as well as immunoglobulin（Ig）A and IgM levels in serum. ResultsThe fingerprint similarity of 10 batches of Zhuye Shigao granules was>0.950， and 20 common peaks were calibrated. Seven of them were identified， including peak 11（isoorientin）， peak 12（orientin）， peak 14（apioside liquiritin）， peak 15（liquiritin）， peak 17（apioside isoliquiritin）， peak 19（isoliquiritin） and peak 20（liquiritigenin）. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the content range of each index component in 10 batches of Zhuye Shigao granules was as follows：Total calcium of 9.978-11.294 mg·g^-1， isoorientin of 0.033-0.041 mg·g^-1， orientin of 0.046-0.055 mg·g^-1， ginsenoside Rg₁+ginsenoside Re of 0.748-0.762 mg·g^-1， ginsenoside Rb₁ of 0.151-0.197 mg·g^-1， liquiritin of 1.106-1.366 mg·g^-1， glycyrrhizic acid of 0.904-1.182 mg·g^-1_. Compared with the blank group， the body temperature of mice in the model group was significantly increased， the organ indexes of liver， lung and spleen were significantly decreased， the organ index of thymus was significantly increased， HE staining of lung tissue showed infiltration of inflammatory cells， a small amount of serous exudation was observed in the alveoli， and lung tissue was damaged. After the intervention of Zhuye Shigao granules， the pathological changes were improved compared with the model group. The expression levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased， the expression level of IL-10 was significantly decreased in serum and lung tissue. The levels of IgA and IgM in serum were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the body temperature， the organ indexes and immune factor levels in serum and lung tissue of mice in the Zhuye Shigao granules medium and high dose groups were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionIn this study， the quality evaluation of Zhuye Shigao granules was carried out based on fingerprint combined with determination of index components， and the fingerprint of four herbs（Lophatheri Herba， Ophiopogonis Radix， Pinelliae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma） in this formula and the determination of 8 index components were established. The therapeutic effect of Zhuye Shigao granules on mice with cold-dampness pestilence attacking lung syndrome may be related to inhibiting inflammatory response and mediating immune regulation.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of using acicular electrosurgical knife for coniza-tion of cervix in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the surgical data,pathological findings,and pregnancy-related complications of 60 patients who underwent acicular electrosurgical knife conization(AEKC)from January 2016 to December 2019.Results The operation time ranged from 10 to 140 minutes(median,26 minutes),and the amount of bleeding during surgery was minimal to 100 mL(median,10 mL).The cone cutting width is between 1-3 cm,the cone cutting depth is between 0.5-2.5 cm.No hemorrhoeaoccur within 14 days after surgery.The pathological concordance rate before and after surgery was 68.3%,the margins were clear and negative,and the ex-cision rate was 100%.The incidence of cervical incompetency,preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes during preg-nancy after AEKC was 3.3%,18.6%and 23.7%respectively.Conclusion By selecting acicular electrosurgical knife,suffi-cient excision and intraoperative hemostasis were ensured during conization.At the same time,it does not affect the pathological diagnosis of margin.Moreover,it has a low incidence of pregnancy-related complications such as cervical incompetency,preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes.

Objective: To analysis pathogenic conditions and pathogenic characteristics of organic fluorosis caused by applying of anti-fingerprint coating material on touch screen glass of the mobile phone. Methods: To collect clinical data and analyze the causes and pathogenic characteristics of poisoning through surveying occupational health, detecting occupational hazards in the workplace, collecting clinical data and diagnosing of occupational diseases. 6 employees in workshop 1 of packaging were as the organic fluorine exdposed group, and 16 employees in other workshops were as the non-exposed group. Results: Organic fluorine chemicals (perfluoro-1, 3-dimethylcyclohexane, hexadecafluoroheptane, perfluoro-hexane, perfluoromethy lopentane, perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene, etc.) can be volatilized by spraying and baking of anti-fingerprint nano-coating material on touch screen. The relative percentage of volatile components in air is 85.65%. Four cases of acute poisoning were caused by organic fluorosis deposited in a dustless air conditioning workshop with poor ventilation.The clinical manifestations of the patients were acute bronchitis, pulmonary edema and/or myocarditis. The average concentration of urine fluorine in the organic fluorine exposed group was 13.7± 4.4 mmol/mol creatinine, which was 4-5 times higher than that of other non-organic fluorine exposed groups. The difference of urine fluorine level between the organic fluorine exposed group and non exposed group was statistically significant (P<0.01) . The main indicators were abnormal for the blood oxygen saturation of finger pulse under suction air, leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, hypersensitivec-reactive protein, procalcitonin, l-lactate dehydrogenase, forebrain diuretic natriuretic peptide, hypersensitive troponin T in the four cases. One case was myocardial ischemia, four cases had bilateral lung symmetrically exudative lesions, one case was accompanied by a small amount of pleural pericardial effusion. Conclusion Acute organofluorine poisoning can caused by the applying of the fingerprint nano-coating material on touch screen of the mobile phone. Attention should be paid to occupational poisoning caused by the applying of the small molecular perfluoroalkanes (olefins) in new industries, new processes and new materials.

Beta-lactams are the most widely used antibiotics. One of the principle mechanisms for Gram-negative bacteria to resist β-lactams is by producing β-lactamases that degrade β-lactams. This review highlights two regulatory mechanisms for inducing β-lactamase in Gram-negative bacteria. In the ampR-ampC paradigm, the induction of β-lactamase is intimately linked to peptidoglycan recycling. AmpR, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, plays a central role in regulating expression of β-lactamase. Recent studies found that two-component signal transduction pathway is activated by β-lactams, which in turn induces the expression of β-lactamase. Finally, we discussed the future research directions in β-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.

Objective:To investigate the role of CD46 and Nectin-4 on Measles virus (MV) infecting human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC),and the interaction between CD46 and Nectin-4.Methods: Measles virus was divided into pre-infection group and 2 h-infection group,HPAEpiCs treatment with anti-CD46 antibody and/or anti-Nectin-4 antibody as experimental groups,and untreated HPAEpiCs as a control.The variation of viral replication level was detected.A Co-immunoprecipitation assay (Co-IP) was used to explore whether CD46 and Nectin-4 had interactive relationship in MV infection.Results: Compared with the control group,MV titers were reduced in HPAEpiCs of the pre-infection group treated with anti-CD46 and anti-Nectin-4 respectively (48.03% and 49.53%).Furthermore,virus titers showed a more reduction in which treated with anti-CD46 and anti-Nectin-4 antibodies (27.15%,P<0.01).Western blot and Real-time PCR showed that anti-CD46 antibody and anti-Nectin-4 antibodies decreased the rate of MV infection.In the 2 h-infection group,however,the treatment with anti-CD46 and anti-Nectin-4 could significantly reduce the MV titer and NP protein in HPAEpiCs.The Co-IP assay showed that there were interaction between CD46 and Nectin-4.Conclusion: CD46 and Nectin-4 mediated MV infecting HPAEpiCs.Moreover,CD46 and Nectin-4 may play a synergetic role in MV infection,which could enhance the infection effect.

Aim To explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) in Astragaloside Ⅳ-induced cardioprotection in H9c2 cardiac cells, and to explore the potential mitochondrial mechanism.Methods Conventional culture was performed of rat heart tissue-derived H9c2 cells.Experiment was randomly divided into the control group, the ERS inducer 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose(2-DG) group, Astragaloside Ⅳ and 2-DG combination group, Astragaloside Ⅳ group.Confocal microscopy was used to observe the changes of TMRE fluorescence intensity so as to confirm the influence of ERS on the mitochondrial potential, and further speculate on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP).Western blot analysis was applied to detect the expressions of ERS proteins GRP 78, GRP 94 and IRE1.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the cells.Results Different doses of 2-DG could mimic the mPTP opener atractyloside to induce the mPTP opening with the peak at 100 μmol·L-1;Astragaloside Ⅳ significantly reduced 2-DG-induced mPTP opening, the expression of GPR 78, GRP 94 and IRE1 and reduced injury of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.Conclusions Endoplasmic reticulum stress could be induced by 2-DG.Astragaloside ⅳ-induced mitochondrial cardioprotection involves inhibition of the ERS through GRP 78, GRP 94 and IRE1 by prevention of the mPTP opening.

Objective To explore the characteristics and clinical significance of lung function in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods The pulmonary ventilation function of 60 cases of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was tested in the acute stage and 2 weeks after treatment by the pneumatometer made by JAEGER company in Germany. FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25,FEF50、FEF75 and MMEF75/25 was detected. Results In acute phase, lung function indexs (FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, MMEF75/25) of 60 children with MPP were less than expected:(1.56 ± 0.53) L vs.(1.99 ± 0.69) L, (1.37 ± 0.47) L vs. (1.68 ± 0.57) L, (2.90 ± 0.86) L/s vs. (3.95 ± 1.08) L/s, (2.48 ± 0.67) L/s vs. (3.56 ± 0.89) L/s, (1.42 ± 0.41) L/s vs. (2.51 ± 0.64) L/s, (0.65 ± 0.20) L/s vs. (1.28 ± 0.33) L/s, (1.22 ± 0.77) L/s vs.(2.18 ± 0.61) L/s], and there were significant difference (P<0.01). In recovery period, the level of FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, MMEF75/25 was significantly better than that in acute phase: (98.80 ± 9.34)% vs.(79.14 ± 6.28)%, (98.67 ± 8.28)% vs. (81.63 ± 6.56)%, (86.23 ± 6.86)% vs.(73.17 ± 6.21)%, (85.17 ± 7.86)% vs. (69.79 ± 8.16)%, (79.08 ± 7.99)% vs. (56.57 ± 8.77)%, (70.85 ± 7.48)% vs. (50.66 ± 9.86)%, (77.35 ± 6.81)% vs. (56.19 ± 9.61)%, P<0.01. Conclusions In the acute stage, the pulmonary function of children with MPP shows hybrid ventilation dysfunction. In the recovery period, pulmonary function index improves significantly, but there are still abnormal small airway indicators.

Objective To investigate the genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Guangdong Province by linear probe assay (LiPA) and core,non-structural protein 5B (NS5B) sequence analysis,and to evaluate the accuracy of LiPA for genotyping.MethodsOne hundred and ten HCV specimens from chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in Guangdong Province were genotyped by both core,NS5B sequence analysis and INNO-LiPA 2.0.The data were then analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software.ResultsAmong the 110 specimens,core and NS5B fragment could be amplified from 97 and 62 specimens,respectively,while both fragments were obtained from 57 specimens. The results of genotyping by core sequence analysis were completely consistent with the results of NS5B sequencing.One hundred and two specimens were classified into five subtypes,i.e.genotype 1a,2a,3a,3b,6a,with frequencies of 61.8％ (64),9.8％ (10),3.9％ (4),3.9％ (4),20.6％ (21),respectively.All but genotype 6 strains can be genotyped correctly by using INNO-LiPA 2.0.However,only subtype 1b and 3b could be genotyped accurately.81.5％ genotype 6a strains were genotyped as 1b by mistake. Conclusions Genotype 6a has become the second most prevalent genotype in Guangdong Province.The LiPA cannot distinguish genotype 6a from 1b strains accurately which needs further investigation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) and classical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation pathway in the pathogenesis and progress of cystitis and bladder cancer.MethodsThe LTβR and P65 mRNA expression were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR in 108 cases of fresh bladder tissue specimens (75 cases of bladder cancer,10 cases of inflammation and 23 normal bladder mucosa cases grouped by the tissue classification ),and protein expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay in 118 cases of paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens (73 cases of bladder cancer,30 cases of cysitis and 15 normal bladder mucosa cases).The correlation analysis between the expressions of LTβR and P65 with clinical pathological data was then performed.Differences between LTβR and P65 mRNA and protein expression level were compared in different groups of bladder tissues using Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Chi-square test.Results( 1 )The mRNA expressions of LTβR and NF-κB/P65were higher in bladder cancer than those in normal group ( LTβR:29.4 ( 14.2 - 46.7 ) × 10 - 3/1.2 ( 0.3 -7.0) ×10-3,Z=-5.508; P65:9.7 (2.7 -21.1) ×10-3/1.0(0.8 ～1.8) ×10-3,Z=-5.030,P＜0.05 ).There were significantly differences between bladder cancer with different histological grades ( LTβR:18.2(2.1-31.3) × 10-3/ 28.4(16.6-36.2) × 10-3/47.9(34.3 -70.5) ×10-3,x2K-W=20.378;P65:4.9(1.3 - 12.0) × 10-3/7.4(3.0-21.9) × 10-3/17.0(10.0 ～28.3)× 10-3 ,x2K-W2 =15.219,P all ＜0.05) and lymph node metastasis (LTβR:27.2(9.7-40.1) ×10-3/39.4(26.7 -52.6) ×10-3,Z=-2.552; P65:7.4(2.3-15.6) ×10-3/13.4(6.7-23.3) ×10-3,Z=-2.026,P＜0.05).(2)The positive rates of LTβR and phosphorylated P65 ( p-P65 ) protein in cancer were higber than those of normal group (LTβR:69.8％/13.3％,x2 =16.600 ; p-P65:56.2％/6.7％,x2 =12.220,P ＜ 0.05 ).Upregulation of LTβR and p-P65 were associated with the histological grade (LTβR:56.3％/70.0％/90.4％,x2 =7.055; p-P65:40.6％ /60.0％/76.2％,x2 =6.679,P ＜0.05) and with lymph node metastasis (LTβR:58.3％/92.0％,x2 =8.849; p-P65:52.1％/64.0％,x2 =5.088,P ＜0.05).(3)There was a positive correlation between LTβR and P65 expression ( mRNA:r =0.654,P ＜ 0.05,protein:r =0.399,P ＜ 0.05 )in the bladder cancer and cystitis (r =0.521,P＜0.05).ConclusionsThe activation of LTβR and P65 was associated with progression and metastasis of bladder cancer.The activation of classical NF-κB pathway by LTβR may be achieved by P65.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)+ ribavirin (RBV) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC),and to evaluate the predictors of treatment response.Methods One hundred and thirty CHC patients treated with PEG-IFN a-2a 180 μg weekly or PegIFNα-2b 80 μg weekly plus RBV 900-1200 mg/d for 48 weeks in Guangdong Province were enrolled.The clinical data including age,gender,body mass index (BMI),spleen index (SPI),the diameter of portal vein (PV),hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype,HCV RNA level were collected at baseline,week 4,12,24,48 of treatment and week 24 of follow-up.Patients obtained sustained virological response (SVR) were compared to those with non-sustained virological response (NSVR).The related factors of SVR were analyzed.The data were compared by t test,chi square test or Logistic regression.Results The total SVR rate was 84％ (109/130),among which rapid virological response ( RVR ),early virological response ( EVR ),and end-of-treatment virological response (ETVR) were 21％ (27/130),72％ (94/130) and 93％ (121/130),respectively.HCV genotype was determined in 70 patients and the SVR rate was 82 ％ (45/55) in the genotype 1 patients and 87％ (13/15) in the genotype non-1 patients.Age,baseline HCV RNA,BMI and SPI were all negatively associated with SVR rate (regression coefficient＜0,all OR＜1,all P＜0.05),while EVR and total cumulative treatment dose of RBV were positively associated with SVR rate (regression coefficient＞0,both OR＞ 1,both P＜0.05).However,RVR,PV and total cumulative treatment doses of PEG-IFN were not associated with SVR rate (P＞0.05).Conclusions The SVR rate of PEG-IFN plus RBV combined treatment is high in CHC patients and more than 80％ of patients can be cured.However,the SVR rates are lower in patients elder than 35 years,with previous treatment failure history,baseline HCV RNA＞6 × 105 IU/mL,BMI＞26 kg/m2,SPI＞40 cm2,or the total cumulative treatment doses of RBV less than 80 ％ of standard dose.