Nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and its product nitric oxide are involved in learning and memory functions.Increasing evidence shows that NOS plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,influencing β-amyloid protein(Aβ)deposition,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,abnormal microglia activation,synapse damage,autophagy,abnormal mitochondrial function of nerve cells,and cerebral hypoperfusion or vascular endothelial cell injury.This review summarizes the recent evidence for the role of NOS in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and provides new feasible targets for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and its product nitric oxide are involved in learning and memory functions.Increasing evidence shows that NOS plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,influencing β-amyloid protein(Aβ)deposition,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,abnormal microglia activation,synapse damage,autophagy,abnormal mitochondrial function of nerve cells,and cerebral hypoperfusion or vascular endothelial cell injury.This review summarizes the recent evidence for the role of NOS in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and provides new feasible targets for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective:To investigate the interaction of B-group streptococcal infection and chorioamnionitis (CAM) with late pregnancy and low birth weight infant (LBWI).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 524 postpartum women who underwent regular prenatal examinations and completed delivery at the Taizhou Second People′s Hospital from October 2019 to April 2022. According to their newborn birth weight, they were divided into normal group (466 cases) and LBWI group (58 cases). The age, pregnancy times, birth times, pregnancy body mass index (BMI), cesarean section history, abortion history, anemia during pregnancy, hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, diabetes during pregnancy, vaginitis, B-group streptococcal infection, CAM, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infection, neonatal preterm delivery, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal infection, fetal distress were compared between the two groups. The influencing factors of LBWI were analyzed using logistic regression. The correlation and interaction between B-group streptococcal infection and CAM on LBWI were analyzed.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in age, history of miscarriage, gestational hypertension, vaginitis, B-group streptococcal infection, CAM, premature rupture of membranes, neonatal preterm birth, neonatal infection and fetal distress between the two groups (all P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that gestational hypertension, B-group streptococcal infection, CAM, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, neonatal infection, and fetal distress were risk factors for LBWI (all P<0.05). B-group streptococcal infection, CAM, and LBWI were positively correlated ( r=0.587, 0.604, all P<0.001). The interaction analysis results showed a positive correlation between B-group streptococcal infection, CAM, and LBWI (all P<0.001). Conclusions:B-group streptococcal infection in late pregnancy, CAM, and LBWI are positively correlated, and their coexistence can increase the risk of LBWI.

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between processing time, chroma value and UPLC fingerprint map of Dipsaci Radix. METHODS Established the UPLC fingerprint of Dipsaci Radix. Monitored the changes of chemical components in the processing process of wine and salt processed Dipsaci Radix, spectrophotometer was used to objectively quantify the chroma value of different processed products. SPSS 20.0 and SIMCA 14.0 statistical software was used to analyze the correlation between processing time and chroma value and fingerprint. RESULTS In the process of processing, the decoction pieces color of the powder deepened and L*, b* and E* values decreased. The correlation analysis showed that the processing time was significantly correlated with the chroma value and fingerprint of decoction pieces. CONCLUSION The method of UPLC fingerprint is stabled and reliabled, combines with the objective discriminant analysis of the chroma value of the Dipsaci Radix processed products, which lay the foundation for standardizing the processing technology of wine and salt processed products and evaluating the quality of Dipsaci Radix.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects and safety of Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray in the treatment of acute rhinitis after a cold. METHODS:A multicenter,dose parallel controlled,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled clinical tri-al was conducted. Two hundred and thirty-eight patients with acute rhinitis after a cold were selected and divided into group A(24 cases),B(24 cases),C(24 cases),D(24 cases),E(23 cases),F(24 cases),G(23 cases),H(24 cases),I(24 cases),J (24 cases). Group A-C were given Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray 22.5μg,45μg,90μg,respectively,bid,spraying it once for each nostril. Group D-F were given Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray 22.5 μg,45 μg,90 μg,respectively,tid,spraying it once for each nostril. Group G-I were given Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray 22.5 μg,45 μg,90 μg,respectively,qid,spray-ing it once for each nostril. Group J was given placebo. All groups were treated for(4±1)d. Rhinorrhea score and continuous rhi-norrhea duration were compared among 10 groups,and the safety was evaluated. RESULTS:The rhinorrhea score and continuous rhinorrhea duration of 10 groups were improved significantly,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The improvement and trend of group I was slightly better than other 9 groups,without statistical significance(P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR among 10 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray with 90 μg,qid times significantly improves rhinorrhea score and continuous rhinorrhea duration with good safety.

Objective To investigate the clinical roles of lysine methyltransferase 5A(KMT5A)in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and its functions in cell migration and invasion. Methods The expression levels of KMT5A of 60 cases were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC). KMT5A siRNA was used to down-regulate the expression of KMT5A in SMMC-7721 cells. Cell migration and invasion were measured by wound healing assays and transwell assays,respectively. Immunoblotting was used to detect the expression of MMP-2 after siRNA trans-fection. miR-186 mimics were transfected into SMMC-7721 cells and the mRNA levels of KMT5A was detected by qRT-PCR after transfection. Results High expression of KMT5A was associated with large tumor diameter (>5 cm,P=0.047)and advanced TNM stage(Ⅲ+Ⅳ,P=0.035). The expression of KMT5A was knocked down by siRNA in SMMC-7721 cells. Down-regulation of KMT5A suppressed cell migration(P=0.031,P=0.006)and invasion(P=0.010),and impaired MMP-2 expression(P=0.040). Overexpression of miR-186 could significantly inhibit the expression of KMT5A(P = 0.007). Conclusions Over-expression of KMT5A in HCC tissues associ-ates with poor clinical features. KMT5A knockdown inhibits the migration and invasion on HCC cells.

Objective To explore the effect of pedicle fixation for treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures in patients with osteoporosis,and to provide more evidence for the treatment.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 121 patients with osteoporotic vertebral burst fracture from June 2012 to October 2015.And these patients were divided into two groups according to different operation methods, namely the control group (n=56) who were given short segment fixation and the observation group (n=65) who were given single segment fixation.The visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),vertebral height,kyphotic angle and bone mineral density of the two groups were analyzed before surgery and 3 days,1 month,3 months and 12 months after surgery.Results The VAS score,ODI score,vertebral height,and Cobb angle of the injured vertebra were significantly improved in both of the two groups,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The VAS score of the observation group was better than that of the control group 3 days after surgery with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).But there was no significant difference 3 months,6 months and 12 months after surgery(P>0.05).The ODI score of the observation group was better than that of the control group 3 days and 3 months after surgery with statistically significant difference (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the two groups till the end of follow-up.Pedicle fixation at the injured vertebra significantly improved the vertebral height and Cobb angle with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).And the anti-osteoporosis treatment significantly increased the bone mineral density (P<0.05).Conclusion Pedicle fixation at the injured vertebra is useful in pain relief as well as function and anatomical structure restoring.And anti-osteoporosis treatment is necessary for the bone mineral density increase.

Objective To evaluate the effect of asymptomatic hyperuricemia on the postoperative functional recovery in osteoarthritis (OA)patients with knee joint replacement.Methods Among the 294 patients who recieved knee joint replacement in our hospital from Feb-ruary 2013 to September 2015,a total of 187 patients were included in this study with 79 cases in the hyperuricemia group and the other 108 cases in the control group.The WOMAC index of the two groups were analyzed before the surgery,2 weeks,3 months,and 6 months after the knee joint replacement surgery.Multivariable linear regression was performed to test the effect of impact factors on the variation of WOMAC index.Results The WOMAC index of the two groups significantly increased 2 weeks after surgery,and the difference was statistically signifi-cant(P <0.05).And the WOMAC index of the control group was higher than that in the hyperuricemia group 2 weeks and 3 months after sur-gery with statistically significant difference(P <0.05).Conclusion The uric acid level before surgery was a influence factor of WOMAC index, and high uric acid level before knee joint replacement has negatively impact for the postoperative functional recovery in the osteoarthritis patients.

Objective:To explore the proportions of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood and levels of IL-17,IL-23 in the serum of patients with Graves′disease ( GD ) and their clinical significance.Methods: We studied 29 patients with GD ( GD group ) , and reevaluated the GD group after therapy ( euthyroid GD group ).29 gender-and age-matched volunteers were selected as the normal control ( NC group).The proportions of Th17 cells were investigated by flow cytometry.The levels of IL-23,IL-17 in the serums were measured by ELISA.The levels of FT3,FT4,TSH were determined by ECLIA and the levels of TrAb were tested by RRA.Results:There were no significant difference among 3 study groups in sex and age match ( F=0.0075 , P>0.05;χ2=0.4213 , P>0.05 ).The proportions of Th17 cells and the levels of IL-17 , IL-23 were increased in the GD and euthyroid GD patients compared with the control group (respectively,P<0.05).The proportions of Th17 cells and the concentrations of IL-23 in euthyroid GD group were significantly lower than those of GD group ( respectively , P<0.05 ) , but there were no significance in the concentrations of IL-17 between euthyroid GD group and GD group(P>0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that the proportions of Th17 cells ,and the levels of IL-17,IL-23 were positively correlated with the levels of FT3,FT4,TrAb(r=0.588 2,0.337 2,0.371 0;0.549 6,0.287 5,0.342 7;0.361 0,0.420 8, 0.330 8;P<0.05 ,for all parameters ) ,and were negatively correlated with the levels of TSH ( r=-0.319 7 ,-0.472 8 ,-0.428 2;P<0.05,for all parameters).Conclusion:Th17 cells and their related cytokines IL-17,IL-23 are highly expressed in the serum of patients with GD.Th17 cells and their relative cytokines have certain relevance with 4 thyroid function parameters of the patients with GD , which can be used as biological markers for GD.

Objective:To study the protective effect of telmisartan on rats with renal failure and its mechanism. Methods:60 Wistar rats were chosen as study objective, and were divided into 4 groups randomly:15 in group A (sham operation group), 15 in group B (model group), 15 in group C (telmisartan group) and 15 in group D (telmisartan+GW9962 group). The difference of survival rate, blood-urine biochemical indexes, renal pathological change, and the expression level of PPARγ and nNOS were compared. Results:After 12 weeks, the survival rate of group A was 93.33%(14/15), that of group B was 46.67%(7/15), that of group C was 86.67%(13/15), that of group D was 60.00%(9/15), and the difference among 4 groups had statistical significance (P<0.05). After 1 week, the difference of Scr, that of BUN and that of 24h protein urine among 4 groups was not statistical significant (P>0.05);after 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks, these difference was statistical significant (P<0.05). The difference of blood-urine biochemical indexes, that of renal pathological change, and that of the expression level of PPAR毭and nNOS was statistical significant (P<0.05). Conclusions:Telmisartan has protective effect on renal failure caused by 5/6 nephrectomy, which might be relative to the expression level of PPARγ and nNOS.