A 64-year-old male patient with hemophilia A was scheduled for the surgical removal of a pulmonary mass. Preoperative evaluation revealed that the coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) activity was 0.5%, with an F Ⅷ inhibitor level of 32 BU/ml; the R value could not be detected on the thromboelastogram. Thoracoscopic lobectomy was successfully completed. On the day of the operation and the first day after the operation, 6 mg of recombinant activated coagulation factor Ⅶ (rFⅦa) was intravenously administered every 6 h. On postoperative day 1, the patient’s blood pressure dropped and the HGB gradually declined from 102 g/L to 65 g/L. Chest X-ray revealed a large amount of pleural effusion on the left side, and urgent thoracoscopic thoracic exploration was performed. A total of 3200 mL fresh blood was cleared, and a thoracic drainage tube was placed. On postoperative day 2, the rFⅦa dose was increased to 6 mg, which was intravenously administered every 4 h, and concentrated red cells were intermittently infused to correct anemia. Four days later, due to the inability to obtain rFⅦa, PCC (50 IU/kg every 8 hours) was administered. Additionally, treatment with methylprednisolone (40 mg/d) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg, every 2 weeks) was initiated to remove FⅧ inhibitors. The thoracic drainage tube was removed on postoperative day 9, and the patient was successfully discharged 3 weeks later.

ObjectiveTo investigate the chemical hazards in the production line of lithium batteries, so as to provide a scientific basis for the management of occupational-health risk and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the lithium battery industry. MethodsAn on-site survey on the process flow of the production of lithium battery was conducted in an enterprise. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the occupational environment were collected by Summa canisters, carbonates and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) were collected using activated carbon tubes, and airborne metals were collected using filter membranes. VOCs, carbonates and NMP were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and airborne metal elements in the dust samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ResultsNon-targeted environmental monitoring results indicated that NMP was detected in the negative /positive electrode coating, assembly and drying filling workstations, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was detected in the assembly, drying and electrolyte injection workstations, and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) was detected solely in the electrolyte injection workstation. Semi-quantitative analyses of VOCs identified 136 pollutants, including acrylonitrile and halohydrocarbons. Quantitative targeted environmental monitoring results revealed the highest geometric mean (GM) concentration of EMC (31.450 mg·m^-3) was found in the assembly and drying workstations, diethyl carbonate (DEC) was detected in all workstations. While vinylene carbonate (VC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) were detected only in electrolyte injection, assembly and drying workstations. NMP was detected in all positive electrode coating samples, with a GM concentration of 5.68 mg·m^-3 (concentration range: 4.0‒ 7.4 mg·m^-³). Lithium was exclusively detected in dust samples from the liquid injection workstation (GM: 0.014 μg·m^-³). ConclusionNMP, EMC, DEC, and other chemicals are identified at the key workstations such as the positive electrode coating, electrolyte injection, assembly and drying in the lithium production line. Furthermore, semi-quantitative VOCs analyses identified 136 pollutants, demonstrating a characteristic of multicomponent chemical exposure.

Congenital coagulation factor Ⅶ deficiency is a rare autosomal incomplete recessive disorder caused by a defect in the coagulation factor Ⅶ (FⅦ) gene, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 500 000. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is relatively common and is a common cause of acquired thrombosis. However, the combination of the latter and the former is extremely rare in clinical practice, which brings difficulties to diagnosis and treatment. This article reported the laboratory examination, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with congenital coagulation factor Ⅶ deficiency and antiphospholipid syndrome after portal vein thrombosis, and reviewed the relevant literature.

A 64-year-old male patient with hemophilia A was scheduled for the surgical removal of a pulmonary mass. Preoperative evaluation revealed that the coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) activity was 0.5%, with an F Ⅷ inhibitor level of 32 BU/ml; the R value could not be detected on the thromboelastogram. Thoracoscopic lobectomy was successfully completed. On the day of the operation and the first day after the operation, 6 mg of recombinant activated coagulation factor Ⅶ (rFⅦa) was intravenously administered every 6 h. On postoperative day 1, the patient’s blood pressure dropped and the HGB gradually declined from 102 g/L to 65 g/L. Chest X-ray revealed a large amount of pleural effusion on the left side, and urgent thoracoscopic thoracic exploration was performed. A total of 3200 mL fresh blood was cleared, and a thoracic drainage tube was placed. On postoperative day 2, the rFⅦa dose was increased to 6 mg, which was intravenously administered every 4 h, and concentrated red cells were intermittently infused to correct anemia. Four days later, due to the inability to obtain rFⅦa, PCC (50 IU/kg every 8 hours) was administered. Additionally, treatment with methylprednisolone (40 mg/d) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg, every 2 weeks) was initiated to remove FⅧ inhibitors. The thoracic drainage tube was removed on postoperative day 9, and the patient was successfully discharged 3 weeks later.

Congenital coagulation factor Ⅶ deficiency is a rare autosomal incomplete recessive disorder caused by a defect in the coagulation factor Ⅶ (FⅦ) gene, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 500 000. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is relatively common and is a common cause of acquired thrombosis. However, the combination of the latter and the former is extremely rare in clinical practice, which brings difficulties to diagnosis and treatment. This article reported the laboratory examination, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with congenital coagulation factor Ⅶ deficiency and antiphospholipid syndrome after portal vein thrombosis, and reviewed the relevant literature.

Objective:To investigate the changes of the liver volume in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension after splenectomy combined with devascularization, and to analyze the related causes.Methods:Clinical and imaging data of 94 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension who underwent surgical treatment at the People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region between January 2014 and May 2024 were included and analyzed before and after surgery. The cohort comprised 61 males and 33 females, aged (47±12) years. The preoperative and postoperative liver volumes were compared, and the patients were divided into two groups based on the changes in postoperative liver volume: the volume increase group ( n=51) and the volume decrease group ( n=43). Clinical data were collected including liver volume, hepatic artery diameter, spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS), portal vein thrombosis (PVT), and hepatic artery dilation. Results:Compared with the volume decrease group, the postoperative liver volume [(1 157±237) cm 3 vs. (977±271) cm 3] and incidence of hepatic artery dilation [92.2%(47/51) vs. 67.4%(29/43)] in the volume increase group both increased, while the incidence of newly formed SPSS [3.9%(2/51) vs. 18.6%(8/43)] and PVT [5.9%(3/51) vs. 34.9%(15/43)] after surgery both decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After splenectomy combined with devascularization, patients with decreased liver volume exhibited aggravated conditions of serrated or wavy changes at the edge of the liver and widening of liver fissures, while patients with increased liver volume had significant reduction or disappearance of serrated or wavy changes at the edge of the liver and narrowing of liver fission. Conclusion:Splenectomy combined with devascularization can increase the postoperative liver volume in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension, and decrease in postoperative liver volume may be related to the occurrence of SPSS and PVT.

Occupational pneumoconiosis (referred to as “pneumoconiosis”) caused by exposure to occupational dust is the most serious occupational disease in China. Biological monitoring on occupational populations exposed to dust is important for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Biological monitoring is a systematic engineering process that includes a series of processes such as biological samples selection, selection of biological monitoring indicators, and selection of detection methods. The biological samples for biological monitoring mainly include urine, blood, exhaled breath gas, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, saliva, sputum, and more. The indicators of biological monitoring involve multiple pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, collagen synthesis/degradation, phagocytic cell apoptosis, and pathways related to the formation of pneumoconiosis. Suitable detection methods need to be determined upon different biological monitoring indicators, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, high-performance liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, etc. Currently, there is a lack of true clinically valuable biological monitoring indicators that can indicate the correlation between dust exposure and the hazards of occupational populations, and there are no systematic and complete biological monitoring methods reported. It is necessary to further standardize the biological monitoring process and search for specific biological monitoring indicators.

Humans ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Genotype ; China/epidemiology* ; Hypertension/epidemiology*

Objective:To explore the impact of different autonomous breathing exercises on regional pulmonary ventila-tion using electrical impedance tomography(EIT),in order to provide effective rehabilitation guidance for pa-tients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in selecting exercise standards and methods. Method:A total of 28 healthy volunteers were recruited in the study,who performed the following breathing exercises in a comfortable standing position:①quiet breathing;②diaphragmatic breathing;③pursed-lip breath-ing;④pursed-lip combining diaphragmatic breathing.The four breathing modes were randomly determined for each subject.Chest EIT was continuously performed during the whole process.The tidal volume(TV),end-ex-piratory lung impedance(EELI),center of ventilation(CoV),global inhomogeneity index(GI)and regional ventilation delay(RVD)were compared during the four breathing modes. Result:Compared with quiet breathing,diaphragmatic breathing,pursed-lip breathing,and diaphragmatic pursed-lip breathing significantly increased TV(P＜0.05),reduced EELI(P＜0.05)and decreased CoV(P＜0.05,with in-creased ventral ventilation).GI of diaphragmatic breathing and pursed lip combining diaphragmatic breathing was significantly reduced(P＜0.05,more uniform ventilation),while RVD of pursed lip breathing and pursed lip combining diaphragmatic breathing was significantly increased(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Diaphragmatic breathing,pursed-lip breathing,and pursed-lip combining diaphragmatic breathing can effectively increase pulmonary ventilation and reduce pulmonary functional residual volume.However,the three breathing exercises have different impacts on pulmonary ventilation:pursed-lip breathing shifts ventilation more significantly towards the ventral side(smaller COV),and has a more significant regional ventilation de-layed(larger RVD),while diaphragmatic breathing improves ventilation homogeneity(smaller GI).Therefore,from the perspective of regional pulmonary ventilation,it is recommended that COPD patients should alternate between diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing independently during breathing exercises to achieve better breathing exercise effects.

Background Perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a large group of emerging pollutants, are ubiquitous in the ecological environment. Their multiple organ toxic effects on human body are reported. Understanding the exposure level of PFAS in cord serum and associated influencing factors can provide scientific evidence for studying maternal and newborn health effects and risk regulation. Objective To explore the exposure levels of PFAS in cord serum and potential impact factors. Methods This study was based on the maternal and infant database and the cord serum sample bank of the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study (SMBCS) established in 2009. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, living environment, and lifestyle of mothers during pregnancy. A total of 1097 cord serum samples were measured utilizing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify influencing factors related to PFAS exposure level in cord serum. Results A total of 38 types of PFAS were detected in the cord serum samples, including 20 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA), 14 perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSA), and 4 other types of PFAS. The detection rates of 14 PFAS compounds were above 50%. The detection rates of perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluoro-1-octanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) were in the range of 99.18%-100.00%. The median concentrations of PFOA and 6∶2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6∶2CI-PFESA) were higher than those of the other compounds, which were 3.76 µg·L⁻¹ and 2.61 µg·L⁻¹, respectively. The correlation coefficients among cord serum PFAS were in the wide range of 0.0911-0.8429 (P < 0.05). The associations between PFHxS and perfluoro-1-heptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS) (r=0.8429, P < 0.05), PFOS and PFHpS (r=0.7012, P < 0.05), and PFUdA and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) (r=0.7875, P < 0.05) were positive. The proportions of PFCA and PFSA in the cord serum samples were 60.1% and 38.4%, respectively. PFOA and 6∶2 Cl-PFESA were the predominant compounds in the cord serum samples, whose proportions were 37.8% and 19.3%, respectively. The concentrations of specific types of cord serum PFAS had varied associations with the following demographic variables of pregnant women: age, parity, education level, gestational age, and occupation. The multiple linear regression analysis found that the concentrations of 8 PFAS (PFHxS, PFHpS, PFNA, PFOS, PFDA, PFUdA, PFDoA, and 6∶2 CI-PFESA) in umbilical cord serum were lower in pregnant women aged 25 years and older than in those under the age of 25 years; compared to pregnant women with education levels at or below junior middle school, those with education levels at or above high school had lower concentrations of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA); the concentration of PFHpA in cord serum was negatively correlated with household annual income; multiparous women had higher concentrations of PFNA, PFUdA, and PFDoA than primiparous women; compared to mothers engaged in manual labor, the concentration of perfluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid (PFBS) in umbilical cord serum was lower in mothers engaged in mental labor, while the concentrations of PFBS and PFOA were lower and the concentrations of perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and 8∶2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (8∶2CI-PFESA) were higher in mothers of other occupational types; the concentrations of umbilical cord serum PFOA, PFOS, PFUdA, and PFDoA were positively correlated with the gestational age of pregnant women, while N-methylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido acetic acid (N-MeFOSAA) was negatively correlated with the gestational age of pregnant women; PFTrDA was negatively correlated with the birth weight of newborns; compared with those with insufficient gestational weight gain, those with adequate gestational weight gain had lower PFDoA, while those with excess gestational weight gain had higher N-MeFOSAA. Conclusion PFAS compounds exposure is common in the mothers and infants in the study area. PFOA and 6∶2 CI-PFESA are the two main compounds in cord serum. Cord serum PFAS are associated with several demographic characteristics of the pregnant women. Future research needs to pay more attention to PFAS alternatives and other emerging contaminants.