The Pharmacopeia of the People’s Republic of China 2025 Edition (referred to as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, ChP 2025) will be promulgated and implemented. This article introduces the process of development of ChP 2025 Edition (Volume Ⅱ), including the selection, the revision of general notices,the addition and revision of drug monographs, etc., and provides some analysis and examples to illustrate,which can facilitate the readers to understand and implement the ChP 2025 Edition (Volume Ⅱ).

The Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China 2025 Edition(referred to as the Chinese Pharmaco-poeia 2025 Edition,ChP 2025)will be promulgated and implemented.This article introduces the process of devel-opment of ChP 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅱ),including the selection,the revision of general notices,the addition and revision of drug monographs,etc.,and provides some analysis and examples to illustrate,which can facilitate the readers to understand and implement the ChP 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅱ).

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum levels of capsaicin receptor 1(TRPV1),matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 4(TIMP4)and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)for disease recurrence in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV).Methods A total of 326 BPPV patients were selected and used as the BPPV group,and 357 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected and used as the control group.According to the recurrence status of BPPV patients after 1 year of reduction treatment,patients were divided into the non recurrence group(264 cases)and the recurrence group(62 cases).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of TRPV1,TIMP4 and TGF-β1 in patients.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze influencing factors of recurrence in BPPV patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TRPV1,TIMP4,and TGF-1 levels for recurrence in BPPV patients.Results TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower in the BPPV group than those in the control group,while TGF-β1 was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The TGF-β1 score in the recurrence group were higher than those in the non recurrence group,while TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower than those in the non recurrence group(P＜0.05).Serum TRPV1 and TIMP4 levels were lower in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group,and TGF-1 levels were higher in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group(P＜0.05).The decreased serum levels of TRPV1 and TIMP4 were risk factors for recurrence in BPPV patients(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of TRPV1,TIMP4,TGF-β1 and their combined prediction of recurrence in BPPV patients were 0.795(95%CI:0.748-0.838),0.803(95%CI:0.756-0.845),0.810(95%CI:0.764-0.851)and 0.945(95%CI:0.914-0.967),respectively.The combined detection value of TRPV1,TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels were better than that of single detection in predicting the recurrence in BPPV patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of TRPV1,TIMP4 and TGF-β1 are independent factors affecting the recurrence of BPPV patients,and the combination of the three has a higher predictive value for the recurrence of BPPV patients.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), whose etiology is influenced by genetic and clinical risk factors, considerably impacts women's quality of life. However, the genetic underpinnings in non-European populations and comprehensive risk models integrating genetic and clinical factors remain underexplored. This study constructed the first polygenic risk score (PRS) for POP in the Chinese population by utilizing 20 disease-associated variants from the largest existing genome-wide association study. We analyzed a discovery cohort of 576 cases and 623 controls and a validation cohort of 264 cases and 200 controls. Results showed that the case group exhibited a significantly higher PRS than the control group. Moreover, the odds ratio of the top 10% risk group was 2.6 times higher than that of the bottom 10%. A high PRS was significantly correlated with POP occurrence in women older than 50 years old and in those with one or no childbirths. As far as we know, the integrated prediction model, which combined PRS and clinical risk factors, demonstrated better predictive accuracy than other existing PRS models. This combined risk assessment model serves as a robust tool for POP risk prediction and stratification, thereby offering insights into individualized preventive measures and treatment strategies in future clinical practice.
Humans ; Female ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Assessment/methods* ; China/epidemiology* ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Case-Control Studies ; Adult ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Genetic Risk Score ; East Asian People

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum levels of capsaicin receptor 1(TRPV1),matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 4(TIMP4)and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)for disease recurrence in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV).Methods A total of 326 BPPV patients were selected and used as the BPPV group,and 357 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected and used as the control group.According to the recurrence status of BPPV patients after 1 year of reduction treatment,patients were divided into the non recurrence group(264 cases)and the recurrence group(62 cases).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of TRPV1,TIMP4 and TGF-β1 in patients.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze influencing factors of recurrence in BPPV patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TRPV1,TIMP4,and TGF-1 levels for recurrence in BPPV patients.Results TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower in the BPPV group than those in the control group,while TGF-β1 was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The TGF-β1 score in the recurrence group were higher than those in the non recurrence group,while TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower than those in the non recurrence group(P＜0.05).Serum TRPV1 and TIMP4 levels were lower in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group,and TGF-1 levels were higher in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group(P＜0.05).The decreased serum levels of TRPV1 and TIMP4 were risk factors for recurrence in BPPV patients(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of TRPV1,TIMP4,TGF-β1 and their combined prediction of recurrence in BPPV patients were 0.795(95%CI:0.748-0.838),0.803(95%CI:0.756-0.845),0.810(95%CI:0.764-0.851)and 0.945(95%CI:0.914-0.967),respectively.The combined detection value of TRPV1,TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels were better than that of single detection in predicting the recurrence in BPPV patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of TRPV1,TIMP4 and TGF-β1 are independent factors affecting the recurrence of BPPV patients,and the combination of the three has a higher predictive value for the recurrence of BPPV patients.

Objective: Whether peripheral blood 5-hydroxytrptamine (5-HT) levels serve as biomarker for depression diagnosis/response evaluation has not been well determined. This work was explored to address this inconclusive issue. Methods: Animals were randomized into normal control group (NC, n = 10) and chronic unpredictable mild stress model group (CUMS-model, n = 20), respectively. Animals in CUMS-model group were subjected to chronic stress, then they were randomly subdivided into CUMS subgroup and CUMS + fluoxetine subgroup (CUMS + FLX). After FLX treatment, blood and tissues were collected. 5-HT and relevant protein expression were measured. Results: In mice model, there was a significant increase in serum and a significant reduction in plasma 5-HT levels in CUMS-model group versus NC group, while platelet 5-HT levels change little. After FLX treatment, serum and platelet 5-HT levels were significantly decreased in CUMS + FLX subgroup, while plasma 5-HT levels had not much change versus CUMS subgroup. Chronic stress enhanced colon and platelet serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and FLX treatment mitigated SERT expression. In rats’ model, there was a significant increase in serum 5-HT levels while plasma and platelet 5-HT levels showed little change in CUMS group versus NC group. After FLX treatment, serum, plasma and platelet 5-HT levels were significantly decreased in CUMS + FLX subgroup versus CUMS subgroup. The profile of relevant proteins expression changed by FLX were like those in mice. Conclusion Serum 5-HT levels might serve as a potential biomarker for depression diagnosis, meanwhile serum and platelet 5-HT levels might respond to antidepressant treatment.

Curettage is the main treatment method for oral maxillofacial cystic lesions,but simple curettage may easily damage surrounding structures such as adjacent teeth and nerves,leading to incomplete removal of the cyst and large jaw defects.The curettage assisted by endoscopy can provide a good surgical field for the surgeons,can clearly identify the important anatomical structure during the operation and can remove the cyst wall tissue as much as possible,thereby reducing the damage and reducing the recurrence rate of the lesion.This article combines the characteristics of maxillofacial surgery with clinical treatment experience,summarizes relevant literature from both domestic and international sources,and engages in discussions with experts in order to provide reference for the clinical treatment of jaw cystic lesions with endo-scope assisted curettage.

Objective: Whether peripheral blood 5-hydroxytrptamine (5-HT) levels serve as biomarker for depression diagnosis/response evaluation has not been well determined. This work was explored to address this inconclusive issue. Methods: Animals were randomized into normal control group (NC, n = 10) and chronic unpredictable mild stress model group (CUMS-model, n = 20), respectively. Animals in CUMS-model group were subjected to chronic stress, then they were randomly subdivided into CUMS subgroup and CUMS + fluoxetine subgroup (CUMS + FLX). After FLX treatment, blood and tissues were collected. 5-HT and relevant protein expression were measured. Results: In mice model, there was a significant increase in serum and a significant reduction in plasma 5-HT levels in CUMS-model group versus NC group, while platelet 5-HT levels change little. After FLX treatment, serum and platelet 5-HT levels were significantly decreased in CUMS + FLX subgroup, while plasma 5-HT levels had not much change versus CUMS subgroup. Chronic stress enhanced colon and platelet serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and FLX treatment mitigated SERT expression. In rats’ model, there was a significant increase in serum 5-HT levels while plasma and platelet 5-HT levels showed little change in CUMS group versus NC group. After FLX treatment, serum, plasma and platelet 5-HT levels were significantly decreased in CUMS + FLX subgroup versus CUMS subgroup. The profile of relevant proteins expression changed by FLX were like those in mice. Conclusion Serum 5-HT levels might serve as a potential biomarker for depression diagnosis, meanwhile serum and platelet 5-HT levels might respond to antidepressant treatment.

Objective: Whether peripheral blood 5-hydroxytrptamine (5-HT) levels serve as biomarker for depression diagnosis/response evaluation has not been well determined. This work was explored to address this inconclusive issue. Methods: Animals were randomized into normal control group (NC, n = 10) and chronic unpredictable mild stress model group (CUMS-model, n = 20), respectively. Animals in CUMS-model group were subjected to chronic stress, then they were randomly subdivided into CUMS subgroup and CUMS + fluoxetine subgroup (CUMS + FLX). After FLX treatment, blood and tissues were collected. 5-HT and relevant protein expression were measured. Results: In mice model, there was a significant increase in serum and a significant reduction in plasma 5-HT levels in CUMS-model group versus NC group, while platelet 5-HT levels change little. After FLX treatment, serum and platelet 5-HT levels were significantly decreased in CUMS + FLX subgroup, while plasma 5-HT levels had not much change versus CUMS subgroup. Chronic stress enhanced colon and platelet serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and FLX treatment mitigated SERT expression. In rats’ model, there was a significant increase in serum 5-HT levels while plasma and platelet 5-HT levels showed little change in CUMS group versus NC group. After FLX treatment, serum, plasma and platelet 5-HT levels were significantly decreased in CUMS + FLX subgroup versus CUMS subgroup. The profile of relevant proteins expression changed by FLX were like those in mice. Conclusion Serum 5-HT levels might serve as a potential biomarker for depression diagnosis, meanwhile serum and platelet 5-HT levels might respond to antidepressant treatment.

Objective: Whether peripheral blood 5-hydroxytrptamine (5-HT) levels serve as biomarker for depression diagnosis/response evaluation has not been well determined. This work was explored to address this inconclusive issue. Methods: Animals were randomized into normal control group (NC, n = 10) and chronic unpredictable mild stress model group (CUMS-model, n = 20), respectively. Animals in CUMS-model group were subjected to chronic stress, then they were randomly subdivided into CUMS subgroup and CUMS + fluoxetine subgroup (CUMS + FLX). After FLX treatment, blood and tissues were collected. 5-HT and relevant protein expression were measured. Results: In mice model, there was a significant increase in serum and a significant reduction in plasma 5-HT levels in CUMS-model group versus NC group, while platelet 5-HT levels change little. After FLX treatment, serum and platelet 5-HT levels were significantly decreased in CUMS + FLX subgroup, while plasma 5-HT levels had not much change versus CUMS subgroup. Chronic stress enhanced colon and platelet serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and FLX treatment mitigated SERT expression. In rats’ model, there was a significant increase in serum 5-HT levels while plasma and platelet 5-HT levels showed little change in CUMS group versus NC group. After FLX treatment, serum, plasma and platelet 5-HT levels were significantly decreased in CUMS + FLX subgroup versus CUMS subgroup. The profile of relevant proteins expression changed by FLX were like those in mice. Conclusion Serum 5-HT levels might serve as a potential biomarker for depression diagnosis, meanwhile serum and platelet 5-HT levels might respond to antidepressant treatment.