Objective To investigate the role and significance of opportunistic screening in cervical cancer screening for elderly women aged≥65 years old. Methods The screening data of 1 304 elderly women (≥65 years old) who underwent opportunistic screening for cervical cancer at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, between January 1, 2010, and December 31 st, 2018, were analyzed retrospectively. Women who underwent cervical cytology tests and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing were divided into two groups according to age as following 65-69 and ≥70 years old. Women with abnormal cytology or who were hrHPV-positive were followed up. The cervical cytological abnormalities and high-risk HPV infection rates in women aged≥65 years in opportunistic screening were analyzed. Results Of all cases, 175 had abnormal cytology or were hrHPV-positive. Among the 1 304 women, 69 were TCT-positive, with a positivity rate of 5.3%, including 17 cases (24.6%) of high-degree squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and 3 cases (4.4%) of squamous cell carcinoma. The total abnormality rate of TCT in the 65-to 69-year age group (6.7%, 43 cases) was significantly higher than that in the≥70 age group (3.9%, 26 cases), and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.024). The overall prevalence of hrHPV infection was 10.7% (139/1 304). HPV58 (31/174, 17.9%) was identified as the most common high-risk HPV type, followed by HPV16, HPV52, HPV33, and HPV31. Follow-up showed that 50.3% of the women had never been screened in the past 10 years, and no statistically significant difference in TCT abnormality and hrHPV infection positivity rate were found between those who had been screened (80 cases) and those who had not been screened at least once in 5 years (87 cases) (P>0.05). Conclusion Attention should be paid to the screening for cervical cancer in elderly women aged ≥65 years old. Opportunistic screening is a supplement to the population-based organized cervical cancer screening. The termination age of cervical cancer screening for elderly women may be appropriately extended.

Objective: To determine the screening and early detection reference age for individuals with family history of cancer in either one of the parents. Methods: We examined the family history of 33 200 subjects who visited the Department of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between January 2008 and March 2018 for cancer screening and early detection. The age differences between the subjects in the research population were analyzed using an independent t-test. All statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: We documented 480 families in which fathers and one or more of their children were diagnosed with malignancies, attributing to 614 father-child pairs. We also documented 476 families with mothers and one or more of their children diagnosed with malignancies, attributing to 614 mother-child pairs. In total, we included 956 families in our study with a total of 505 sons and 723 daughters diagnosed with cancer during the study period. In the father-child group the average age at diagnosis for fathers, sons, and daughters were 66.6±10.8, 56.6±11.7, and 51.7±11.7 years, respectively. Sons and daughters were diagnosed with malignancy 10.0 and 14.9 years earlier than their fathers, respectively (P<0.001). Daughters developed malignancies approximately 5 years earlier than sons in the father-child group (P<0.001). In the mother-child group, the average age at diagnosis for mothers, sons, and daughters were 65.8±12.2, 57.8±12.2, and 52.3±12.4 years, respectively. Mothers were diagnosed with malignant disease 8 years later than their sons (P<0.001) and 13.5 years later than their daughters (P<0.001). Interestingly, daughters developed malignant diseases 5.5 years earlier than sons even in this group (P<0.001). Average age at diagnosis for subjects whose fathers and mothers developed malignancy before 50 years was 4.8 years and 4.4 years earlier than those whose fathers and mothers developed malignancy after 50 years old (P<0.05, P<0.001). Sons and daughters were diagnosed with lung cancer 9.3 and 12.6 years earlier than the fathers, and 10.2 and 13.6 years earlier than the mothers, respectively (P<0.001).The daughters in the mother-children group and the father-daughter group were diagnosed with breast cancer 10.5 and 11.1 years earlier than the mothers in the mother-child group (P<0.001). Conclusions Children develop malignancy earlier than their parents in families with cancer in parents and children. Hence, individuals with a family history of cancer in either of their parents should undergo interventions for cancer screening and early detection at a relatively earlier age compared to the initial screening age recommended by conventional screening guidelines for certain cancers.

Objective To evaluate the effect of exogenous resolvin D2 on radicular pain in a rat model of non-compressive lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.Methods Thirty-six clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 230-270 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group S),radicular pain induced by non-compressive lumbar intervertebral disc herniation group (group P) and exogenous resolvin D2 group (group R).The right L5 dorsal root ganglions were covered by autologous nucleus pulposus tissues to establish the model of non-compressive lumbar disc herniation in P and R groups.The corresponding surgical site was only exposed in group S.The corresponding drugs were intrathecally injected within 3 days after establishing the model,phosphate buffer solution 10 μl was injected in group P,1 ng/μl resolvin D2 solution 10 μl was injected in group R,and normal saline 10 μl was given for pipe washing after administration in the three groups.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured on 1 day before establishing the model and 1-7 days after establishing the model.The spinal dorsal horns of lumbar enlargement segments were removed on day 7 after establishing the model for determination of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (by Western blot) and co-expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 18 with GFAP (by double-label immunofluorescence).Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased at 1-7 days after establishing the model,and the expression of GFAP was up-regulated in group P (P＜0.05).Compared with group P,the MWT was significantly increased at 3-7 days after establishing the model,and the expression of GFAP was down-regulated in group R (P＜0.05).G-protein-coupled receptor 18 was co-expressed with GFAP.Conclusion Exogenous resolvin D2 can reduce radicular pain in a rat model of non-compressive lumbar intervertebral disc herniation,and the mechanism is related to inhibiting activation of astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horns.

Objective To explore the effect of resolvin D2 ( RvD2) on radicular pain induced by interver-tebral disc herniation. Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham opera-tion group, a model group and an RvD2 group, each of 12. Non-compressive lumbar disc herniation was induced in the rats in the model and RvD2 groups using the autologous nucleus pulposus filling method. Those in the sham group had the surgical site exposed without any other treatment. After the modeling, 10μl of phosphate-buffered sa-line solution was administered intrathecally to the rats in the sham and model groups for 3 days, while the rats in the RvD2 group received 10 ng/10 μl of RvD2 intrathecally as well. Paw withdrawal thresholds (50％PWT) were ob-served 1 day before modeling and 7 days afterward for the rats of all three groups. On the 7th day after modeling, the L4 to L6 spinal dorsal horns on the surgery side were resected to detect the protein expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B ( p-AKT) , protein kinase B ( t-AKT) , phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β( p-GSK-3β) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β( GSK-3β) using western blotting. The protein levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6) , transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1) and interleukin-10 ( IL-10) were de-termined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results On the 1st and 7th day after modeling, significant differences were observed between the model and sham groups in terms of the 50％PWT. From the 3rd day the aver-age 50％PWT in the RvD2 group was significantly higher than that of the model group at the same time points. On the 7th day after the modeling the average p-AKT and p-GSK-3βprotein levels of the model and RvD2 groups were significantly different from that of the sham group, and the model group′s average was also of significantly different from that of the RvD2 group. The average protein levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL-6, as well as of the anti-inflammatory factors TGF-β1 and IL-10 in the dorsal horns of the model group and the RvD2 group were also significantly different on the 7th day, and both were significantly different from the sham group′s average. Conclusion RvD2 can alleviate radicular pain in rats with non-compressive disc herniation. The mechanisms might involve inhibition of GSK-3β activity, down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the expression and possible modulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

METHODSNasal polyps and uncinate process tissues were collected from 25 CRSwNP patients and 19 healthy controls with nasal septal deviation. HO-1 expression was examined using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistric staining and Western blot analysis. Moreover, additional uncinate process mucosal samples of 15 healthy controls with nasal septal deviation were harvested for nasal explant culture experiments. HO-1 expression was measured in cultured nasal explant in response to specific inflammatory and glucocorticoid stimulation. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSThe mRNA and protein expression of HO-1 was significantly increased in polyp tissues, 1.220±0.397 in mRNA and 1.409±0.701 in protein, compared with healthy controls 0.464±0.318 in mRNA and 0.017±0.1147 in protein (U=22.00 in mRNA and U=1.00 in protein, both P< 0.05). The immunohistochemical results showed that HO-1 was mainly distributed in the epithelial layer, submucosal glands and inflammatory cells in nasal tissues. Nasal explant culture experiments demonstrated that HO-1 mRNA was upregulated by IL-17A. The HO-1 mRNA level before the stimulation was 1.000, and 17.264±4.275 after the stimulation of 1 ng/ml IL-17A (U=0, P<0.05), 19.128±4.605 after the stimulation of 10 ng/ml IL-17A (U=0, P<0.05), but was significantly suppressed after stimulation with glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, DEX). The mRNA level after the glucocorticoids stimulation was 0.370±0.101 (U=0, P<0.05) and 0.316±0.167 (U=0, P<0.05) respectively. Furthermore, the HO-1 mRNA was inhibited by TGF-β1, the mRNA level was 0.217±0.322 (U=0, P<0.05), 0.070±0.070 (U=0, P<0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONIncreased HO-1 expression may play a role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP, which may be considered as the therapeutic target.

Blotting, Western ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Glucocorticoids ; pharmacology ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-17 ; pharmacology ; Nasal Polyps ; complications ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rhinitis ; complications ; metabolism ; Sinusitis ; complications ; metabolism ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect of Resolvin D1 (RvD1) on radicular pain induced by herniated nucleus pulposusand its underlying mechanism.Methods Fifty-six male rats were randomly divided intoa sham group,a model group,a 10 ng group anda 100 ng group,each of 14.The rat model of non-compressive lumber disc herniation was established in all except the sham group.The former two groups were then injected with 10 μl of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) while the latter 2 groups were injected with 10 μl of PBS containing 10 and 100 ng of RvD1 respectively daily for three successive days.The rats' 50％ paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was evaluated 1 day before and on 7 successive days after surgery.On day 7 the rats' spinal cords were removed to assess the expression of tumor necrosis factor-or (TNF-α),interlukin-1β (IL-1β) and interlukin-10 (IL-10) using ELISA methods.The levels of ERK and NF-κB/p65 were measured using Western blotting.Results Theaverage 50％PWT of the model group decreased significantly from day 1 to day 7 compared with the sham group,but was significantly lower thanthe RvD1 10 ng group from day 3 to day 7.Moreover the 50％PWT in the RvD1 100 ng group increased significantlyfrom day 2 to day 7 compared with the model group (P＜0.05).The average expression of both TNF-α and IL-1β of the model group was upregulated significantly and that of IL-10 decreased significantly compared with the sham group.Compared with the model group,the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β decreased significantly (P＜0.05)and the level of IL-10 was significantlyup-regulated (P＜0.05) both in the RvD1 10 ng group and 100 ng group.Moreover,the changes were larger in the RvD1 100 ng group (P＜0.05).Compared with the sham group,the levels of p-ERK and NF-κB/p65 in the model group were significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,intrathecal injection of RvD1 (10 ng or 100 ng) significantly decreased the expressions of p-ERK and NF-κB/p65 (P＜0.05).Moreover,the decrease wasgreater in the RvD1 100 ng group (P＜0.05).Conclusions RvD1 might alleviate the radicular inflammation and pain byregulating the balance of inflammatory mediators and activation of p-ERK and NF-κB/p65 pathways.It may offer novel therapeutic approaches for the management of lumbar disc herniation.

Objective To investigate the change in NF-κB activity in astrocytes in spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of neuropathic pain and the underlying mechanism. Methods Sixteen male SD rats aged 2-3 months weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 8 each) : sham operation group (group S) and CCI group. Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) . Right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 chromic catgut. In group S the right sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to von Frey filament stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant heat stimulation were measured at 1 d before (baseline) and 7 d after operation. The animals were then killed and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord (L_(4-6)) was removed. The expression of NF-κB in the astrocytes in spinal dorsal horn was determined by immuno-histochemistry. Results PWT and PWL to mechanical and thermal stimuli were significantly decreased after operation as compared with the baseline before operation in group CCI. The number of NF-κBp65 immunoreaction positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn on the operated side was significantly larger in group CCI than in group S. Conclusion NF-κB signal transduction pathway in the astrocytes in the spinal dorsal hom may be involved in neuropathic pain.

Objective To investigate the expression and aberrant methylation of Ptchl gene in hedgehog signal pathway in carcinogenesis of human gastric cancer.Methods The total RNA and genomic DNA were extracted from 10 human gastric carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissues(＞3 cm from cancerous tissue)and gastric cancer eell line AGS.Ptchl mRNA expression was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR.The pattern of CpG island in Ptchl gene 5'regulation sequence was analyzed by software and its methylation extent was tested by bisulfite sequencing PCR.Results The analysis of CpG island(starting-3950 bases upstream of the Ptchl mRNAla transcription start site and ending 2050 bases downstream)revealed that there were two CpG islands in Ptchl gene 5' regulation sequence(first CpG:-1139 bp～+860 bp;second CpG:+875 bp～+1692 bp).Bisulfite sequencing PCR analysis of 19 CpG sites included in the first CpG island(-870 bp～+229 bp)showed that there was methylation present in all cell lines and the average extent of the methylation of these CpG sites was significantly higher in cancerous tissues(64%±32%,ranged 16%～100%)than that in adjacent tissues(13%±14%,ranged 0%～42%,P＜0.05).There was a negative correlation of the Ptchl methylation with its expression.Conclusion The high methylation of Ptchl gene that involves in the carcinogenesis of human gastric carcer will be a new biomarker for gastric carcer.

Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) can detect the atherosclerotic calcification of coronary artery qualitatively and quantitatively. It was also verified that the atherosclerotic calcification was directly related to the atherosclerotic extent and had a limited relation to the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD). So EBCT is one of the good non-invasive methods for predicting the risk of CHD. However, there are some problems in the calcification parameters (calcification area, calcification score) adopted by EBCT which have high variability and low reproducibility. As a result, these parameters have imperfection and need to be improved further. This research provides a new calcification parameter (calcification volume) which makes the use of three dimensional information of all calcific pixels in EBCT scanning images of coronary artery. After experiment in 11 human coronary artery specimens, it was testified that calcification volume had a lower variability than calcification area and calcification score in 25% percentile, median, 75% percentile, Mean, respectively. P value of t test in Mean variability is 0.027, and 0.058. These results suggest that calcification volume may be a new calcification parameter.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Algorithms ; Calcinosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Berberine hydrochloride alone or combined with antibiotics on the formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm and the expressions of relative genes in order to explore a new way to treat the infection induced by the bacteria.Methods Biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis was constructed in vitro first,and then Berberine hydrochloride alone or combined with norvancomycin,ciprofloxacin or erythromycin was used to affect the biofilm formation.Then the inhibition was detected by CRA,and the expressions of icaA and agr by the way of fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR.Results The effectiveness of Berberine hydrochloride on the expressions of icaA and agr in Staphylococcus epidermidis was not as better as the other antibiotics.When different-dosed berberine hydrochloride was combined with norvancomycin,ciprofloxacin or erythromycin to affect the biofilm,the inhibition on the expressions of icaA and agr showed a negatively dose-dependent fashion.Conclusion Berberine hydrochloride can inhibit the formation of the biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidisthrough suppressing the relative genes,though not as good as the antibiotics,such as norvancomycin,ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.It should not be combined with these antibiotics because the effectiveness is antagonism.