Objective:To analyze the genetic characteristics of the complete genome of a strain of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in Qinghai province in 2024.Methods:A total of 300 samples were collected during 2024 influenza surveillance in Qinghai province sentinel hospitals from patients with fever accompanied by severe respiratory infection symptoms. We used real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR) method to screen out HRSV subtype B (HRSVB) positive specimens, whole genome sequencing was performed on positivespecimens meeting the requirements for the sequencing. After downloading the global representative HRSVB genotypes at GenBank database, sequence alignment was performed, related evolutionary tree was built and the calculation and analyses of genetic distance were done, analyses of HRSVB sequencing of sequence homology of nucleotides, amino acids and amino acid mutation were performed.Results:The first strain in Qinghai, China/qinghai/2024-03 had a complete sequence of 15 140 bp nucleotides, with HRSV′s all structural characteristics, and subtype HRSVA prototype strain Long strains of nucleotide the lowest homology was 80.0%, and subtype HRSVB prototype strain nucleotide homology was above 94.7%. The result indicated that the first strain in Qinghai belonged to HRSVB subtype. Genetic evolution shows China/qinghai/2024-03 and USA/WA-S23450/2021 (OR326803.1) and Germany/2021 (OR795235.1) all belong to a branch, they have the closest relationship. Phylogenetic analysis of G gene showed that the strain belonged to BA9 genotype of HRSVB subtype, and the hypervariable regions of the genome were SH and G genes.Conclusions:In this study, the complete genome sequence of HRSV China/qinghai/2024-03 was obtained for the first time, and the basic molecular structural characteristics were elucidated, which filled the gaps in the gene and amino acid data of HRSV in our province, and also provided a basis for HRSV epidemiology.

Objective:To explore the standardized performance of a FISH probe before clinical detection.Methods:The probe sensitivity and specificity of ETV6/RUNX1 were analyzed via interphase and metaphase FISH in 20 discarded healthy bone marrow samples. The threshold system of the probe was established using an inverse beta distribution, and an interpretation standard was established. Finally, a parallel-controlled polymerase chain reaction detection study was conducted on 286 bone marrow samples from patients at our hospital. The clinical sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic coincidence rate of ETV6/RUNX1 FISH detection were analyzed, and the diagnostic consistency of the two methods was analyzed by the kappa test.Results:The probe sensitivity and specificity of the ETV6/RUNX1 probe were 98.47% and 100%, respectively. When 50, 100, and 200 cells were counted, the typical positive signal pattern cutoffs were 5.81%, 2.95%, and 1.49%, respectively, and the atypical positive signal pattern cutoffs were 13.98%, 9.75%, and 6.26%, respectively. The clinical sensitivity of FISH was 96.1%, clinical specificity was 99.6%, diagnostic coincidence rate was 99.00%, diagnostic consistency test kappa value was 0.964, and P value was <0.001.Conclusion:For FISH probes without a national medical device registration certificate, standardized performance verification and methodology performance verification can be performed using laboratory developed test verification standards to ensure a reliable and accurate reference basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of combining venetoclax (VEN) with hypomethylated drugs (HMA) in the treatment of higher-risk (IPSS-R score >3.5) myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) .Methods:From March 2021 to December 2022, forty-five MDS patients with intermediate and high risk were treated with VEN in combination with HMAs. Clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively, including gender, age, MDS subtype, IPSS-R score, treatment regimen, and efficacy, etc. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to analyze univariate and multivariate of survival prognosis.Results:①Forty-five patients with MDS, including ninety-one percent were classified as high or very high risk. According to the 2023 consensus proposal for revised International Working Group response criteria for higher-risk MDS, the overall response rate (ORR) was 62.2% (28/45), with the complete response rate (CR) was 33.3% (15/45). For twenty-five na?ve MDS, the ORR was 68% (17/25) and the CR rate was 32% (8/25). In nonfirst-line patients, the ORR and CR were 55% (11/20) and 35% (7/20) respectively. The median cycle to best response was 1 (1-4). ②With a median followup of 189 days, the median overall survival (OS) time was 499 (95% confidence interval, 287-711) days, and most patients died from disease progression. Responders had a significantly better median OS time than nonresponders (499 days vs 228 days, P<0.001). Multifactor analysis revealed that IPSS-R score and response to treatment were independent prognostic factors for OS; the presence of SETBP1 gene mutations was associated with a longer hospital stay (51.5 days vs 27 days, P=0.017) . Conclusions:There is clinical benefit of venetoclax in combination with hypomethylated agents in patients with higher-risk MDS, but adverse events such as severe hypocytopenia during treatment should be avoided.

Objective:To investigate the changes of blood glucose and blood lipid in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients with different insulin sensitivity during pregnancy and the effect of non-drug intervention.Methods:Data of 240 pregnant women with GDM and 240 healthy pregnant women were collected from July 1 to September 1, 2023 in Shijing People′s Hospital in Baiyun District and other five hospital. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated by homeostasis model assessment 2(HOMA2) model, according to the 25th percentile of ISI of normal pregnant women, GDM patients were divided into insulin sensitive group (group A) and insulin sensitive deficiency group (group B), and group A and group B were divided into two groups according to 36-week blood glucose control: group A1 with good blood glucose control (group A1 and group B1) and group A2 with bad blood glucose control (group A2 and group B2). The age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood lipids and blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) in the first trimester, blood glucose and blood lipids in the second trimester were compared at the 28th, 32nd and 36th weeks of gestation, the number of cases, blood glucose, blood lipids and non-drug intervention were measured. Results:There were 166 cases in group A and 74 cases in group B. Blood glucose and blood lipid were normal in early pregnancy. There was no significant difference in blood glucose between group A and group B during the second trimester. The levels of blood lipids were significantly higher than those during the first trimester, and the levels of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher than those during the first trimester. The number of pregnant women in group A1 was significantly more than that in group A2 in the third trimester ( P = 0.01), and the number of pregnant women in group B1 was more than that in group B2 at 28 weeks ( P = 0.01). At 32 weeks, the number of pregnant women in group B1 and group B2 was similar ( P = 0.31). At 36 weeks, the number of pregnant women in group B1 was significantly lower than that in group B2 ( P = 0.01). In the third trimester of pregnancy, the levels of blood glucose in group B2 were higher than those in group A2 ( P<0.05). The levels of TG and LDL-C in group A2 and group B2 were higher than those in group A1 and group B1 respectively, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower than that in group A1 and group B1( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in TC between group A2 and group A1 at 28 and 32 weeks ( P>0.05), but it was significantly higher at 36 weeks ( P = 0.01). In the third trimester of pregnancy, diet control was the most common (91.7%, 87.7%, 81.6%, respectively) in group A ( P>0.05). The proportions of diet-only and diet-plus exercise interventions were similar in group B1 at 28 weeks and 32 weeks (52.9% vs. 47.1%, 45.7% vs. 54.3%)( P = 0.072, 0.113). At the 36 weeks, the main intervention was diet combined with exercise (73.3%). In group B2, dietary intervention (69.6%, 71.8%, 69.5%) was the main cause of poor control of blood glucose. Conclusions:In GDM patients with insulin sensitivity deficiency, the blood glucose and blood lipids in the second trimester are obviously increased, and the abnormality in the third trimester is even greater.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the most effective revascularization treatments for coronary heart disease. Secondary prevention strategies, which rely on antiplatelet and lipid-lowering drugs, are crucial after CABG to ensure the durability of revascularization treatment effects and prevent adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the medium to long term. Previous research conducted by Professor Zhao Qiang's team from Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, known as the DACAB study, indicated that dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT, specifically ticagrelor+aspirin) after CABG can enhance venous graft patency. However, it remains uncertain whether DAPT can further improve the medium to long-term clinical outcomes of CABG patients. Recently, the team reported the medium to long-term follow-up results of the DACAB study, termed the DACAB-FE study, finding that DAPT administered after CABG can reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events over five years and improve patients' medium to long-term clinical outcomes. This article will interpret the methodological highlights and significant clinical implications of the DACAB-FE study.

OBJECTIVES: In light of the rise in the global aging population, this study investigated the potential of the oxidative balance score (OBS) as an indicator of phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) to better understand and potentially slow down aging. METHODS: Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 2001 and 2010, including 13,142 United States adults (48.7% female and 51.2% male) aged 20 and above, OBS and PhenoAgeAccel were calculated. Weighted generalized linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between OBS and PhenoAgeAccel, including a sex-specific analysis. RESULTS: The OBS demonstrated significant variability across various demographic and health-related factors. There was a clear negative correlation observed between the higher OBS quartiles and PhenoAgeAccel, which presented sex-specific results: the negative association between OBS and PhenoAgeAccel was more pronounced in male than in female. An analysis using restricted cubic splines revealed no significant non-linear relationships. Interaction effects were noted solely in the context of sex and hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS A higher OBS was significantly associated with a slower aging process, as measured by lower PhenoAgeAccel. These findings underscore the importance of OBS as a biomarker in the study of aging and point to sex and hyperlipidemia as variables that may affect this association. Additional research is required to confirm these results and to investigate the biological underpinnings of this relationship.

Objective　 To conduct surveillance on sapovirus among hospitalized children under five years old with diarrhea in Qinghai Province in 2023, to preliminarily study the positive rate and prevalent genotypes of sapovirus, and to accumulate molecular epidemiological data on sapovirus infections in the province. Methods　A surveillance sentinel was established at the Qinghai Provincial Women and Children's Hospital. According to the "National Viral Diarrhea Surveillance Program" (2021 edition), surveillance of viral diarrhea in hospitalized children under five with diarrhea was conducted. Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to test patient samples, and whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples with a CT value ≤32. Sequence analysis of the VP1 gene of sapovirus was conducted, including phylogenetic tree analysis, homology analysis, average genetic distance analysis, and amino acid variation site analysis. Results　The positive rate of sapovirus surveillance in Qinghai Province in 2023 was 3.89% (7/180). The VP1 gene sequence analysis showed that the virus had 6 amino acid substitutions and was the closest to the isolates from China in 2013 (MK111629.1), 2014 (MK111630.1), 2015 (MH477433.1), and 2016 (KX980412.1). This virus belongs to the GⅠ.1 genotype, which is currently the predominant genotype currently infecting China. The nucleotide homology between the five reference strains was 93.71%-98.81%, and the amino acid homology was 99.29%-99.82%. The average nucleotide genetic distance was 0.012-0.067. Conclusions　The study found that the epidemic level of sapovirus diarrhea in Qinghai Province in 2023 was similar to that reported in several provinces from 2020 to 2023. This is the first time that whole-genome sequencing has been used to identify the genotype of sapovirus in the province, and sequence analysis indicates that the virus strain (23-14) is the dominant strain prevalent in China. This research provides sequence references for molecular evolution studies of sapovirus infections and serves as a reference for future pathogen detection of viral diarrhea and molecular epidemiological analysis of sapovirus.

Objectives:To investigate the clinical and genetic features of young Chinese patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) .Methods:In this cross-sectional study, anonymous questionnaires were distributed to patients with MPN patients nationwide. The respondents were divided into 3 groups based on their age at diagnosis: young (≤40 years) , middle-aged (41-60 years) , and elderly (>60 years) . We compared the clinical and genetic characteristics of three groups of MPN patients.Results:1727 assessable questionnaires were collected. There were 453 (26.2%) young respondents with MPNs, including 274 with essential thrombocythemia (ET) , 80 with polycythemia vera (PV) , and 99 with myelofibrosis. Among the young group, 178 (39.3%) were male, and the median age was 31 (18-40) years. In comparison to middle-aged and elderly respondents, young respondents with MPN were more likely to present with a higher proportion of unmarried status (all P<0.001) , a higher education level (all P<0.001) , less comorbidity (ies) , fewer medications (all P<0.001) , and low-risk stratification (all P<0.001) . Younger respondents experienced headache (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.007; MF, P=0.001) at diagnosis, had splenomegaly at diagnosis (PV, P<0.001) , and survey (ET, P=0.052; PV, P=0.063) . Younger respondents had fewer thrombotic events at diagnosis (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.011) and during the survey (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.003) . JAK2 mutations were found in fewer young people (ET, P<0.001; PV, P<0.001; MF, P=0.013) ; however, CALR mutations were found in more young people (ET, P<0.001; MF, P=0.015) . Furthermore, mutations in non-driver genes (ET, P=0.042; PV, P=0.043; MF, P=0.004) and high-molecular risk mutations (ET, P=0.024; PV, P=0.023; MF, P=0.001) were found in fewer young respondents. Conclusion:Compared with middle-aged and elderly patients, young patients with MPN had unique clinical and genetic characteristics.

Objective:To compare the differences in the prevalence of mild micro-hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) among patients with cirrhosis by using the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and the Stroop smartphone application (Encephal App) test.Methods:This prospective, multi-center, real-world study was initiated by the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Infectious Diseases and the Portal Hypertension Alliance and registered with International ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05140837). 354 cases of cirrhosis were enrolled in 19 hospitals across the country. PHES (including digital connection tests A and B, digital symbol tests, trajectory drawing tests, and serial management tests) and the Stroop test were conducted in all of them. PHES was differentiated using standard diagnostic criteria established by the two studies in China and South Korea. The Stroop test was evaluated based on the criteria of the research and development team. The impact of different diagnostic standards or methods on the incidence of MHE in patients with cirrhosis was analyzed. Data between groups were differentiated using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test. A kappa test was used to compare the consistency between groups. Results:After PHES, the prevalence of MHE among 354 cases of cirrhosis was 78.53% and 15.25%, respectively, based on Chinese research standards and Korean research normal value standards. However, the prevalence of MHE was 56.78% based on the Stroop test, and the differences in pairwise comparisons among the three groups were statistically significant (kappa = -0.064, P < 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the MHE prevalence in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C was 74.14%, 83.33%, and 88.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Chinese researchers, while the MHE prevalence rates in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C were 8.29%, 23.53%, and 38.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Korean researchers. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of MHE in the three groups of patients with Child-Pugh grades A, B, and C were 52.68%, 58.82%, and 73.53%, respectively, according to the Stroop test standard. However, among the results of each diagnostic standard, the prevalence of MHE showed an increasing trend with an increasing Child-Pugh grade. Further comparison demonstrated that the scores obtained by the number connection test A and the number symbol test were consistent according to the normal value standards of the two studies in China and South Korea ( Z = -0.982, -1.702; P = 0.326, 0.089), while the other three sub-tests had significant differences ( P < 0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence rate of MHE in the cirrhotic population is high, but the prevalence of MHE obtained by using different diagnostic criteria or methods varies greatly. Therefore, in line with the current changes in demographics and disease spectrum, it is necessary to enroll a larger sample size of a healthy population as a control. Moreover, the establishment of more reliable diagnostic scoring criteria will serve as a basis for obtaining accurate MHE incidence and formulating diagnosis and treatment strategies in cirrhotic populations.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and imaging features of population receiving opportunistic screening for lung cancer and in convalescent stage of COVID-19.Methods:Cross-sectional study and analysis was performed on the patients who underwent chest low-dose CT examination for cancer prevention in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from December 28, 2022 to January 19, 2023. All the patients completed the COVID-19 questionnaire. A total of 334 questionnaires were sent out, all of which were recovered, and 321 valid questionnaires were collected, among them, 293 questionnaires were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted according to the questionnaire information, clinical symptoms and chest CT imaging results. The potential influencing factors of COVID-19 infection were explored, and the imaging characteristics of COVID-19 infection and early stage of lung cancer were compared.Results:A total of 293 patients underwent lung cancer screening during the convalescent stage of COVID-19 infection. A total of 231 (78.8%) cases had cough and 228 (77.8%) cases had fever. 214 (73.0%) cases still had clinical symptoms within 2 weeks after nucleic acid or antigen test showing negative, especially for cough in 171 (58.4%) cases, fatigue in 79 (25.3%) cases and sputum in 73 (24.9%) cases. There were 54 (18.4%) cases with positive chest CT changes. The main imaging findings showed that there were 46 cases with new patchy shadows, 25 cases with linear opacities, 10 cases with ground-glass opacities, 10 cases with nodular like shadows and 2 cases with consolidation, and most lesions were in the subpleural area of both lungs. Univariate analysis showed that positive CT findings were correlated with the time from positive detection of COVID-19 to screening ( P=0.026), age ( P<0.001) and underlying diseases ( P=0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that age≥65 years old ( OR=6.425, 95% CI: 2.688-15.358; P<0.001) and underlying diseases ( OR=2.292, 95% CI: 1.120-4.691; P=0.023) were risk factors for pulmonary imaging changes of COVID-19 infection. For lung cancer opportunistic screening, 36 (12.3%) cases showed ground-glass opacities in bilateral or unilateral lung lobes, among which 4 cases were suspected to be atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and 2 cases s were suspected to be early stage of lung cancer. Conclusions:Abnormal clinical symptoms and chest CT findings are still observed in the patients during the convalescent stage of COVID-19 infection. Age≥65 years, underlying diseases were the high-risk factors for the changes in chest CT imaging after COVID-19 infection. Attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis of chest CT findings between changes in the convalescent stage of COVID-19 and early stage of lung cancer.