AIM: To observe the effect of fudosteine on induced sputum cell components and lung function in patients with stable neutrophil-dominated COPD. METHODS: From October 2019 to October 2022, 53 patients with stable COPD were selected and divided into fudosteine group and placebo group. The placebo group was treated with routine treatment, and the fudosteine group was treated with fudosteine on the basis of routine treatment. The two groups were treated for 6 months. The clinical symptoms [Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea scale (MMRC), Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale (BCSS)], lung function index, induced sputum cytology analysis and other related examination results were recorded in detail before and after treatment. RESULTS: (1) Compared with the baseline, the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC) of the two groups were improved after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). However, after treatment, there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the two groups except for the percentage of carbon monoxide diffusion in the predicted value (DLCO%pre) (DLCO%pre in the fudosteine group was higher than that in the placebo group). (2) After treatment, the total number of induced sputum cells and neutrophil counts in the fudosteine group were lower than those in the placebo group. Compared with the number of cells in each component at baseline, the total number of induced sputum cells and neutrophil count in the fudosteine group were significantly lower (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Fudosteine treatment in patients with stable neutrophil-dominated COPD can improve lung function, reduce the total number of induced sputum cells and the total number of neutrophils, thereby improving airway inflammation.

AIM:To observe the effect of fudostei-ne on induced sputum cell components and lung function in patients with stable neutrophil-dominat-ed COPD.METHODS:From October 2019 to Octo-ber 2022,53 patients with stable COPD were select-ed and divided into fudosteine group and placebo group.The placebo group was treated with routine treatment,and the fudosteine group was treated with fudosteine on the basis of routine treatment.The two groups were treated for 6 months.The clinical symptoms[Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),COPD Assessment Test(CAT)and Modified British Medical Research Council Dys-pnea scale(MMRC),Breathlessness,Cough,and Sputum Scale(BCSS)],lung function index,induced sputum cytology analysis and other related exami-nation results were recorded in detail before and after treatment.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the baseline,the forced expiratory volume in one sec-ond(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and the ra-tio of FEV1 to FVC(FEV1/FVC)of the two groups were improved after treatment,and the differenc-es were statistically significant(P＜0.05).However,after treatment,there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the two groups ex-cept for the percentage of carbon monoxide diffu-sion in the predicted value(DLCO％pre)(DLCO％pre in the fudosteine group was higher than that in the placebo group).(2)After treatment,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil counts in the fudosteine group were lower than those in the placebo group.Compared with the number of cells in each component at baseline,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil count in the fudosteine group were significantly lower(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Fudosteine treatment in pa-tients with stable neutrophil-dominated COPD can improve lung function,reduce the total number of induced sputum cells and the total number of neu-trophils,thereby improving airway inflammation.

AIM:To observe the effect of fudostei-ne on induced sputum cell components and lung function in patients with stable neutrophil-dominat-ed COPD.METHODS:From October 2019 to Octo-ber 2022,53 patients with stable COPD were select-ed and divided into fudosteine group and placebo group.The placebo group was treated with routine treatment,and the fudosteine group was treated with fudosteine on the basis of routine treatment.The two groups were treated for 6 months.The clinical symptoms[Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),COPD Assessment Test(CAT)and Modified British Medical Research Council Dys-pnea scale(MMRC),Breathlessness,Cough,and Sputum Scale(BCSS)],lung function index,induced sputum cytology analysis and other related exami-nation results were recorded in detail before and after treatment.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the baseline,the forced expiratory volume in one sec-ond(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and the ra-tio of FEV1 to FVC(FEV1/FVC)of the two groups were improved after treatment,and the differenc-es were statistically significant(P＜0.05).However,after treatment,there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the two groups ex-cept for the percentage of carbon monoxide diffu-sion in the predicted value(DLCO％pre)(DLCO％pre in the fudosteine group was higher than that in the placebo group).(2)After treatment,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil counts in the fudosteine group were lower than those in the placebo group.Compared with the number of cells in each component at baseline,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil count in the fudosteine group were significantly lower(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Fudosteine treatment in pa-tients with stable neutrophil-dominated COPD can improve lung function,reduce the total number of induced sputum cells and the total number of neu-trophils,thereby improving airway inflammation.

AIM:To observe the effect of fudostei-ne on induced sputum cell components and lung function in patients with stable neutrophil-dominat-ed COPD.METHODS:From October 2019 to Octo-ber 2022,53 patients with stable COPD were select-ed and divided into fudosteine group and placebo group.The placebo group was treated with routine treatment,and the fudosteine group was treated with fudosteine on the basis of routine treatment.The two groups were treated for 6 months.The clinical symptoms[Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),COPD Assessment Test(CAT)and Modified British Medical Research Council Dys-pnea scale(MMRC),Breathlessness,Cough,and Sputum Scale(BCSS)],lung function index,induced sputum cytology analysis and other related exami-nation results were recorded in detail before and after treatment.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the baseline,the forced expiratory volume in one sec-ond(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and the ra-tio of FEV1 to FVC(FEV1/FVC)of the two groups were improved after treatment,and the differenc-es were statistically significant(P＜0.05).However,after treatment,there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the two groups ex-cept for the percentage of carbon monoxide diffu-sion in the predicted value(DLCO％pre)(DLCO％pre in the fudosteine group was higher than that in the placebo group).(2)After treatment,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil counts in the fudosteine group were lower than those in the placebo group.Compared with the number of cells in each component at baseline,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil count in the fudosteine group were significantly lower(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Fudosteine treatment in pa-tients with stable neutrophil-dominated COPD can improve lung function,reduce the total number of induced sputum cells and the total number of neu-trophils,thereby improving airway inflammation.

AIM:To observe the effect of fudostei-ne on induced sputum cell components and lung function in patients with stable neutrophil-dominat-ed COPD.METHODS:From October 2019 to Octo-ber 2022,53 patients with stable COPD were select-ed and divided into fudosteine group and placebo group.The placebo group was treated with routine treatment,and the fudosteine group was treated with fudosteine on the basis of routine treatment.The two groups were treated for 6 months.The clinical symptoms[Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),COPD Assessment Test(CAT)and Modified British Medical Research Council Dys-pnea scale(MMRC),Breathlessness,Cough,and Sputum Scale(BCSS)],lung function index,induced sputum cytology analysis and other related exami-nation results were recorded in detail before and after treatment.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the baseline,the forced expiratory volume in one sec-ond(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and the ra-tio of FEV1 to FVC(FEV1/FVC)of the two groups were improved after treatment,and the differenc-es were statistically significant(P＜0.05).However,after treatment,there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the two groups ex-cept for the percentage of carbon monoxide diffu-sion in the predicted value(DLCO％pre)(DLCO％pre in the fudosteine group was higher than that in the placebo group).(2)After treatment,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil counts in the fudosteine group were lower than those in the placebo group.Compared with the number of cells in each component at baseline,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil count in the fudosteine group were significantly lower(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Fudosteine treatment in pa-tients with stable neutrophil-dominated COPD can improve lung function,reduce the total number of induced sputum cells and the total number of neu-trophils,thereby improving airway inflammation.

AIM:To observe the effect of fudostei-ne on induced sputum cell components and lung function in patients with stable neutrophil-dominat-ed COPD.METHODS:From October 2019 to Octo-ber 2022,53 patients with stable COPD were select-ed and divided into fudosteine group and placebo group.The placebo group was treated with routine treatment,and the fudosteine group was treated with fudosteine on the basis of routine treatment.The two groups were treated for 6 months.The clinical symptoms[Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),COPD Assessment Test(CAT)and Modified British Medical Research Council Dys-pnea scale(MMRC),Breathlessness,Cough,and Sputum Scale(BCSS)],lung function index,induced sputum cytology analysis and other related exami-nation results were recorded in detail before and after treatment.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the baseline,the forced expiratory volume in one sec-ond(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and the ra-tio of FEV1 to FVC(FEV1/FVC)of the two groups were improved after treatment,and the differenc-es were statistically significant(P＜0.05).However,after treatment,there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the two groups ex-cept for the percentage of carbon monoxide diffu-sion in the predicted value(DLCO％pre)(DLCO％pre in the fudosteine group was higher than that in the placebo group).(2)After treatment,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil counts in the fudosteine group were lower than those in the placebo group.Compared with the number of cells in each component at baseline,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil count in the fudosteine group were significantly lower(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Fudosteine treatment in pa-tients with stable neutrophil-dominated COPD can improve lung function,reduce the total number of induced sputum cells and the total number of neu-trophils,thereby improving airway inflammation.

AIM:To observe the effect of fudostei-ne on induced sputum cell components and lung function in patients with stable neutrophil-dominat-ed COPD.METHODS:From October 2019 to Octo-ber 2022,53 patients with stable COPD were select-ed and divided into fudosteine group and placebo group.The placebo group was treated with routine treatment,and the fudosteine group was treated with fudosteine on the basis of routine treatment.The two groups were treated for 6 months.The clinical symptoms[Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),COPD Assessment Test(CAT)and Modified British Medical Research Council Dys-pnea scale(MMRC),Breathlessness,Cough,and Sputum Scale(BCSS)],lung function index,induced sputum cytology analysis and other related exami-nation results were recorded in detail before and after treatment.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the baseline,the forced expiratory volume in one sec-ond(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and the ra-tio of FEV1 to FVC(FEV1/FVC)of the two groups were improved after treatment,and the differenc-es were statistically significant(P＜0.05).However,after treatment,there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the two groups ex-cept for the percentage of carbon monoxide diffu-sion in the predicted value(DLCO％pre)(DLCO％pre in the fudosteine group was higher than that in the placebo group).(2)After treatment,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil counts in the fudosteine group were lower than those in the placebo group.Compared with the number of cells in each component at baseline,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil count in the fudosteine group were significantly lower(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Fudosteine treatment in pa-tients with stable neutrophil-dominated COPD can improve lung function,reduce the total number of induced sputum cells and the total number of neu-trophils,thereby improving airway inflammation.

AIM:To observe the effect of fudostei-ne on induced sputum cell components and lung function in patients with stable neutrophil-dominat-ed COPD.METHODS:From October 2019 to Octo-ber 2022,53 patients with stable COPD were select-ed and divided into fudosteine group and placebo group.The placebo group was treated with routine treatment,and the fudosteine group was treated with fudosteine on the basis of routine treatment.The two groups were treated for 6 months.The clinical symptoms[Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),COPD Assessment Test(CAT)and Modified British Medical Research Council Dys-pnea scale(MMRC),Breathlessness,Cough,and Sputum Scale(BCSS)],lung function index,induced sputum cytology analysis and other related exami-nation results were recorded in detail before and after treatment.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the baseline,the forced expiratory volume in one sec-ond(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and the ra-tio of FEV1 to FVC(FEV1/FVC)of the two groups were improved after treatment,and the differenc-es were statistically significant(P＜0.05).However,after treatment,there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the two groups ex-cept for the percentage of carbon monoxide diffu-sion in the predicted value(DLCO％pre)(DLCO％pre in the fudosteine group was higher than that in the placebo group).(2)After treatment,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil counts in the fudosteine group were lower than those in the placebo group.Compared with the number of cells in each component at baseline,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil count in the fudosteine group were significantly lower(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Fudosteine treatment in pa-tients with stable neutrophil-dominated COPD can improve lung function,reduce the total number of induced sputum cells and the total number of neu-trophils,thereby improving airway inflammation.

AIM:To observe the effect of fudostei-ne on induced sputum cell components and lung function in patients with stable neutrophil-dominat-ed COPD.METHODS:From October 2019 to Octo-ber 2022,53 patients with stable COPD were select-ed and divided into fudosteine group and placebo group.The placebo group was treated with routine treatment,and the fudosteine group was treated with fudosteine on the basis of routine treatment.The two groups were treated for 6 months.The clinical symptoms[Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),COPD Assessment Test(CAT)and Modified British Medical Research Council Dys-pnea scale(MMRC),Breathlessness,Cough,and Sputum Scale(BCSS)],lung function index,induced sputum cytology analysis and other related exami-nation results were recorded in detail before and after treatment.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the baseline,the forced expiratory volume in one sec-ond(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and the ra-tio of FEV1 to FVC(FEV1/FVC)of the two groups were improved after treatment,and the differenc-es were statistically significant(P＜0.05).However,after treatment,there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the two groups ex-cept for the percentage of carbon monoxide diffu-sion in the predicted value(DLCO％pre)(DLCO％pre in the fudosteine group was higher than that in the placebo group).(2)After treatment,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil counts in the fudosteine group were lower than those in the placebo group.Compared with the number of cells in each component at baseline,the total num-ber of induced sputum cells and neutrophil count in the fudosteine group were significantly lower(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Fudosteine treatment in pa-tients with stable neutrophil-dominated COPD can improve lung function,reduce the total number of induced sputum cells and the total number of neu-trophils,thereby improving airway inflammation.

Objective:To analyze probability of prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD) and assess the association between global cognitive function and cognitive domain function and probability of pPD in ≥55 years old middle-aged and elderly people in Hebei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Hunan Provinces in China.Methods:Data were collected from dataset of the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease 2020. We selected 4 634 Alzheimer disease and Parkinson's disease free persons aged ≥55 years with completed information on demographics, disease history, cognitive test, and risk factors of Parkinson's disease for this study. Cognitive function was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (Chinese version). Calculation of probability of pPD and assessment of possible/probable pPD were performed according to the criteria published by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the association between cognitive function and probability of pPD.Results:The M ( Q1, Q3) of global cognitive function and cognitive domains in terms of memory, execution, visuospatial function, language, attention and orientation were 25 (20, 30), 13 (11, 15), 10 (7, 12), 6 (4, 7), 5 (4, 6), 15 (12, 18) and 6 (6, 6) points, respectively. The M( Q1, Q3) of probability of pPD was 0.42% (0.80%, 1.73%), and the proportion of the study subjects with possible/probable pPD was 0.4%. Differences in the distribution of probability of pPD were significant among groups by total cognitive score quartiles ( P<0.001), and the difference in proportions of study subjects with possible/probable pPD was significant and showed decline trend ( P=0.001). After adjusted for confounders, the results of multivariate linear regression analyses showed that probability of pPD in the Q2, Q3 and Q4 group decreased by 23.4%, 31.2% and 20.1% compared with Q1 group, and corresponding β values were 0.766 (95% CI: 0.702-0.836), 0.688 (95% CI: 0.631-0.751) and 0.799 (95% CI: 0.730-0.875), respectively, the trend was significant ( P<0.001). Higher index scores of execution, visuospatial function, language, attention and orientation were highly related to lower probability of pPD ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Declines in global cognitive function and cognitive domains of execution, visuospatial function, language, attention and orientation might increase the probability of pPD in middle-aged and elderly people, suggesting the importance of cognitive intervention in early stage for pPD prevention.