Skeletal Class II malocclusion is a common dentofacial deformity in adolescents, primarily characterized by mandibular retrognathism. Functional appliance therapy during the pubertal growth spurt to guide mandibular advancement is considered the gold standard. However, traditional functional appliances are often associated with limitations such as bulkiness, poor esthetics, and soft tissue irritation, which can compromise patient compliance. With advancements in digital orthodontics, clear aligner technology integrated with mandibular advancement (clear aligner mandibular advancement, CAMA) has emerged as a novel strategy for treating adolescent skeletal Class II malocclusion, offering advantages in esthetics and comfort while significantly improving patient compliance. CAMA exhibits multidimensional clinical advantages in adolescent malocclusion correction: ① Its mechanical mechanism based on material viscoelasticity optimizes temporomandibular joint stress distribution and induces physiological condylar remodeling, microscopically manifested as increased trabecular fractal dimensions; ② While ensuring mandibular growth, it effectively controls molar eruption through the "bite block effect," providing an optimal solution for vertical control in high-angle cases, and the enhanced precision wing design significantly improves torque control of lower incisors; ③ It improves oropharyngeal airway morphology and respiratory function, benefiting patients' overall health. Although CAMA holds significant value in treating skeletal Class II malocclusion, current research remains insufficient regarding the specific proportions of skeletal versus dental effects, long-term stability of treatment outcomes, and therapeutic boundaries for severe skeletal discrepancies, with most studies being retrospective or short-term. Future research should prioritize prospective multicenter randomized controlled trials, establish personalized diagnostic and treatment systems integrating artificial intelligence-assisted design and biomechanical simulation, and comprehensively analyze multiple factors including temporomandibular joint adaptability to further enhance the clinical value of CAMA.

Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice. Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances, clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies, presenting new clinical challenges. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique. This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty, principle of clear aligner therapy, clinical procedures and potential complications, which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Orthodontic Appliance Design ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods* ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation*

OBJECTIVE: To testify the spatial relationship between the subscapularis muscle splitting window and the axillary nerve in modified arthroscopic Latarjet procedure, which could provide anatomical basis for the modification of the subscapularis muscle splitting. METHODS: A total of 29 adult cadaveric shoulder specimens were dissected layer by layer, and the axillary nerve was finally confirmed to walk on the front surface of the subscapularis muscle. Keeping the shoulder joint in a neutral position, the Kirschner wire was passed through the subscapularis muscle from back to front at the 4 : 00 position of the right glenoid circle (7 : 00 position of the left glenoid circle), and the anterior exit point (point A, the point of splitting subscapularis muscle during Latarjet procedure) was recorded. The vertical and horizontal distances between point A and the axillary nerve were measured respectively. RESULTS: In the neutral position of the shoulder joint, the distance between the point A and the axillary nerve was 27.37 (19.80, 34.55) mm in the horizontal plane and 16.67 (12.85, 20.35) mm in the vertical plane. CONCLUSION In the neutral position of the shoulder joint, the possibility of axillary nerve injury will be relatively reduced when radiofrequency is taken from the 4 : 00 position of the right glenoid (7 : 00 position of the left glenoid circle), passing through the subscapularis muscle posteriorly and anteriorly and splitting outward.
Adult ; Humans ; Shoulder ; Rotator Cuff/surgery* ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Scapula/surgery* ; Shoulder Joint/surgery* ; Cadaver ; Joint Instability/surgery*

Objective To investigate the effect of seretide plus montelukast on clinical symptoms、pulmonary functions and the serum IL-6 and TNF-α of patients with asthma.Methods 73 cases patients with asthma were randomly divided into seretide group and seretide plus montelukast group and were treated respectively for two weeks.The clinical symptoms,lung functions and serum IL-6,TNF-α contents of patients were measured respectively before treatment and after two weeks treatment.Results After two weeks treatment,the clinical symptom scores、FEV1.0、FVC and PEFR of two groups had significantly changed than that before treatment(P<0.05);Each index was further compared after treatment,and it was found that two groups had significant differernces statistically (P<0.05),these showed that combination of seretide and montelukast could significantly enhance the therapeutic effect.After treatment,the TNF-α and IL-6 contents in the peripheral blood of seretide group and seretide plus montelukast group had both significantly reducted (P<0.05 or P<0.01);The TNF-α and IL-6 contents of seretide plus montelukast group had reduced more significantly than that of the seretide group(P<0.05).Conclusion The seretide plus montelukast group could improve the clinical symptoms and pulmonary function of patients with asthma,and the action mechanism might be related to lower the serum IL-6 and TNF-α contents.

Objective To explore the surgical types in fractures of the proximal femur by internal fixation. Methods One hundred and three cases of femoral peritrochanteric fracture underwent operation were studied retrospectively. According to AO classification, the cases of each type were treated by four methods of internal fixation: the cannulated compression screw, dynamic hip screw (DHS), anatomical plate and proximal femoral nail (PFN). Results All patients were followed up from 6 to 40 months. All fractures were healed. Complications occurred in 9 patients, including aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in 2, coax magna in 7. According to Sanders standard of function of joint, the final effect was satisfactory. Conclusion It is important to select different surgical types according the different peritrochanteric fracture separately.

Magnetic motor evoked potentials (MEP) were measured in 46 patients with Graves′ disease (GD) and 50 normal controls, and its latency、amplitude and central motor conduction time (CMCT) were recorded. Prolonged latency, lowed amplitude and shortened CMCT in MEP suggest the damage of the neurons.