[Objective] To perform genetic analysis on samples with weak agglutination and mixed agglutination of ABO blood group antigens in neonates, and to investigate the molecular biological characteristics of ABO subtypes in neonates. [Methods] Serological identification of ABO blood group was performed by tube method and microcolumn gel method. The ABO exons 2-7 were amplified by PCR, and the amplified products were sequenced by Sanger sequencing method to determine the genotype. [Results] Among the ABO blood group serological results of 14 neonates, 8 cases showed weakened A antigen, and 6 cases showed weakened B antigen. Seven samples were identified with ABO subtype alleles, with genotypes as A102/B101+c.538C>T, Aw26/B102, A205/O02, A205/B101(2 cases), Aw26/O02, B(A)06/O01, B101/O01(3 cases), A102/O01(2 cases), A102/B101 and B101/O02. Additionally, three other family members were also found to carry B(A)06 allele in a pedigree investigation. [Conclusion] For samples showing weakened antigens in ABO blood type identification of neonates, it is necessary to consider the possibility of ABO subtype in addition to age factors, and genetic testing can be used to prevent missed detection of ABO subtypes in neonates.

Background Although current evidence suggests a link between outdoor air pollution and depressive symptoms, the effect of solid fuel use (a significant indoor air pollutant) on depressive symptoms in China's rural middle-aged and elderly population remains poorly understood. Objective To explore the association between solid fuel use for cooking and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas of China, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of depressive symptoms among residents in rural areas. Methods Data were obtained from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), depressive symptoms were assessed using 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and cooking fuel type was self-reported. Subsequently, two-level binary unconditional logistic regression models were fitted to assess the impact of solid fuel use for cooking on depressive symptoms. Results A total of 7991 participants aged 45 years and older [mean age (58.52±9.18) years] were included in the study, with a mean CES-D score of 6.07±4.48 and a mean positive depressive symptoms rate of 34% (40.54% in the solid fuel group and 30.81% in the clean fuel group, χ²=74.40, P<0.001). After controlling for potential confounding covariates, rural middle-aged and elderly residents in the solid fuel group had a higher risk of reporting depressive symptoms than those in the clean fuel group (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.20-1.54), an association that was unaffected by participant characteristics and was positive across age and gender groups. Conclusion There is a positive association between solid fuel use for cooking and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas of China. It is recommended that rural areas promote the upgrading of stoves through the installation of ventilation equipment or the switch from solid cooking fuel to clean fuel. This approach is directed toward reducing exposure to household air pollution, alleviating the prevalence of depression among middle-aged and elderly residents in vast rural areas, and enhancing their mental health.

Objective: To explore the positive rate and distribution characteristics of unexpected antibodies in hospitalized children. Methods: A total of 22 336 hospitalized pediatric patients admitted to Henan Children's Hospital from August 2018 to September 2022 were selected as the research subjects, and their relevant clinical data were collected. Blood samples of the patients were subjected to blood type identification and unexpected antibody screening. For samples with positive screening results, further antibody specificity identification was conducted using panel cells. The distribution patterns of unexpected antibodies across different genders, age groups, blood types, and disease categories were analyzed, and inter-group differences were compared. Results: Of the 22 336 patients, 286 (1.3%) tested positive for unexpected antibodies. The most frequently identified specificities belonged to the MNS blood group system (45.1%, 129/286), followed by the Rh system (24.5%, 70/286) and antibodies of undetermined specificity (24.5%, 70/286). Less common specificities included those from the P blood group system (2.4%, 7/286), Lewis blood group system (1.4%, 4/286), mixed antibodies from multiple systems (0.9%, 3/286), drug-induced antibodies (0.7%, 2/286), and LW blood group system (0.3%, 1/286). Within the MNS blood group system, anti-M was the most prevalent (129 cases). In the Rh blood group system, anti-E (30 cases, 10.5%) and anti-D (28 cases, 9.8%) were the main antibodies detected; other antibodies included anti-DE (4 cases, 1.4%), anti-DC (3 cases, 1.0%), anti-Ec (3 cases, 1.0%), and anti-c (2 cases, 0.7%). Only anti-P was identified in the P blood group system (7 cases), while anti-Lea was found in the Lewis blood group system (4 cases) and anti-LW in the LW blood group system (1 case). Mixed antibodies from multiple systems consisted of anti-D+Fy , anti-e+Fy , and anti-Le +P , with 1 case (0.3%) each. Among the antibodies with undefined specificity, 26 cases were autoantibodies. All drug-induced antibodies were anti-CD38 (2 cases). The distribution of unexpected antibodies showed statistically significant differences among different genders, ages, and ABO blood types (P<0.05). Regarding age distribution, Rh blood group antibodies associated with hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) were predominant in the 0-1 month group, which differed significantly from all other age groups (P<0.001). In contrast, anti-M was predominant in children over 1 year of age (89.0%), while anti-E was detected in only 3 cases (10.0%) in children over 3 years old. After Bonferroni correction (α' = 0.003 3), a statistically significant difference was observed only between the 6-17 year group and the 1-3 year group (P=0.003). Among ABO blood types, type B had the highest antibody detection rate. Following Bonferroni correction (α' ≈ 0.008 3), a significant difference in detection rates was found solely between type B and type O blood (P=0.005), with no statistically significant differences among other blood types (P>0.008 3). Conclusion: In hospitalized pediatric patients, unexpected antibodies were mainly distributed in the MNS and Rh blood group systems, with anti-M being the most commonly detected specificity and anti-E the most prevalent within the Rh system.. Sex, age and blood type significantly influence the development of unexpected antibodies. Clinically, it is necessary to pay attention to the prenatal monitoring of unexpected antibodies in pregnant women, so as to achieve homotypic transfusion of other Rh antigens as early as possible.

Objective : To explore the adverse effects of mild traumatic brain injury ( MTBI) on the memory monito- ring function of patients． Methods : This study adopted a paired control research method，combined neuropsycho- logical background tests and memory monitoring task ( feeling of knowing，FOK) to conduct cognitive assessments on two groups of subjects: the patient group ( n = 42) and the matched control group ( n = 42) ． Results : In neuropsychological background test，the patients' performance in digit span test，Stroop color task，digit link task and auditory verbal learning test were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P＜0. 05) ．In addition，there was significant difference in accuracy of FOK task between the two groups ( P ＜0. 05) ．The ratio of right judge- ment / right recognition was relatively high in the control group，while the ratio of correct judgement /wrong recogni- tion was relatively high in the patient group． Conclusion This study confirms that memory impairment in MTBI patients is centered on damage to memory monitoring function．Moreover，the damage to attention，execution，and item content memory abilities in MTBI patients are important driving factors for their memory monitoring dysfunction．

Objective To observe the changes in intradiscal internal internal pressure before and after percutaneous nucleoplasty (PN) in the patients with discogenic low back pain (DLBP),and to explore the mechanism of PN for alleviating DLBP.Methods Thirty patients definitely diagnosed as DLBP undergoing PN in the orthopedic department of this hospital from June 2023 to October 2023 were selected.The internal pressure of the lumbar disc was measured before and after the surgery.The visual analog scale (VAS),Japa-nese orthopedic association score (JOA) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to assess the pain level of the patients before operation and at postoperative 1 d,1 month,3 months.The surgical efficacy was e-valuated by using the modified MacNab criteria.The linear correlation analysis was used to observe the relation-ship between the internal pressure of lumbar disc and changes in each pain score,and the factors possibly affecting postoperative effect was analyzed by using the multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results Compared with be-fore the surgery,the immediate postoperative internal pressure of lumbar disc in the patients was significantly decreased.The JOA scores at postoperative 1 d,1 month and 3 months were significantly increased,while the VAS and ODI scores were significantly decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The excellent rates of surgical efficacy at postoperative 1 d,1 month and 3 months were 66.7％,73.3％ and 63.3％,respectively.The internal pressure of lumbar disc difference value between before operation and on postoperative 1 d and internal pressure of lumbar disc decrease rate had no significant correlation with the change value of each pain score (P>0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the dis-ease duration and the decrease rate of internal pressure of lumbar disc were the influencing factors of clinical efficacy in PN (P<0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of DLBP may be related with the increase of internal pressure of lumbar disc.PN could effectively reduce internal pressure of lumbar disc and achieve the goal of pain relief.

To investigate the effects of Pithecellobium clypearia extract on the tissue structure,in-flammatory lesions as well as microbial diversity in the intestinal of yellow-feathered broilers.2401-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups(groups A,B,C and D),groups A,B and C were supplemented with Pithecellobium clypearia extract in basal diets with concentrations of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 g/kg,respectively.Group D served as the control group without adding Pithecellobium clypearia extract in diets,and the full trial period lasted for 70 d.Duodenum and jejunum samples were collected on the 20th,40th and 70th days of the test,the vil-lous/crypt ratio of duodenum and jejunum were calculated,and the mRNA expression level of in-flammatory cytokine as well as related pathways were detected in each group,respectively.In addition,the contents of cecum were collected at 70 th day of the experiment and the microbial di-versity in cecum were also analysed by 16S rDNA sequencing.The results showed that adding 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg of Pithecellobium clypearia extract in the diet could significantly increase the veloci-ty height/crypt depth ratio of duodenum and jejunum(P＜0.05)compared to control group,as well as the mRNA expression level of tight junction protein(CLDN1 and CLDN5)in jejunum,which further improved the structure of mucous of intestinal.Pithecellobium clypearia extract could significantly(P＜0.05)decrease the mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokine inclu-ding IL-1β,IL-8 and TNF-α,as well as the related pathway genes such as TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB in jejunum,thus reduced the inflammatory lesions in intestinal.Pithecellobium clypearia ex-tract also could significantly increase the abundance of beneficial microbial such as Parabacteroide and Prevotellaceae,while significantly decrease the abundance of pathogenic microbial such as Proteobacteria in cecum(P＜0.05)and improve the microbial diversity in intestinal.In summary,Pithecellobium clypearia extract could improve the structure of intestinal tissue and the gut barri-er function,as well as the microbial diversity in cecum,and also decrease the inflammatory lesions in jejunum,which is helpful to the intestinal health for yellow-feathered broilers.The present study provides scientific basis for the development of Pithecellobium clypearia as a safe feed additive in the future.

Cancer genomics has led to the discovery of numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that play critical roles in cancer development and progression.Oncogenes promote cell growth and proliferation,whereas tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell growth and division.The dysregulation of these genes can lead to the development of cancer.Recent studies have focused on non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),including circular RNA(circRNA),long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),and microRNA(miRNA),as therapeutic targets for cancer.In this article,we discuss the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes of ncRNAs associated with different types of cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets.Here,we highlight the mechanisms of action of these genes and their clinical applications in cancer treatment.Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and identifying specific therapeutic targets are essential steps towards the development of effective cancer treatments.

Objective:Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathological basis for many chronic liver diseases and can progress to cirrhosis,a leading cause of mortality in liver diseases.Early identification and reversal of hepatic fibrosis are key in the treatment of chronic liver disease.This study aims to compare the expression levels of serum core fucosylated low molecular weight kininogen(LMWK-Fc)and alpha-galactosylated(α-Gal)antibodies in patients with hepatic fibrosis at different stages,and to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy for hepatic fibrosis. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 275 patients with chronic liver disease who visited the Department of Infectious Diseases at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between June 2022 and March 2023.Among these,115 patients underwent liver biopsy.Based on the extent of collagen deposition and its impact on liver structure and microcirculation,patients were staged from 0 to 4:S0(no significant collagen deposition in liver tissues;liver structure and microcirculation are normal),S1(mild collagen deposition in liver tissues,with partial disruption of lobule structure,but microcirculation remains largely normal),S2(moderate collagen deposition in liver tissues,with partial disruption of lobule structure and microcirculation),S3(extensive collagen deposition in liver tissues,with substantial disruption of lobule structure and microcirculation),and S4(development of cirrhosis,with heavy collagen deposition,complete disruption of lobule structure,and severe impairment of microcirculation).Patients were grouped as no fibrosis(S0),fibrosis(S1-S2),and significant fibrosis(S3-S4).For the 160 patients without liver biopsy,they were categorized based on liver stiffness measurement(LSM)value:no fibrosis(F0:LSM＜7.3 kPa),fibrosis(F1-F2:LSM 7.3-12.4 kPa),and significant fibrosis(F3-F4:LSM＞12.4 kPa).Demographic data(age,gender)and laboratory indicators(alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,gamma-glutamyl transferase,alkaline phosphatase,alpha-fetoprotein,platelet count)were collected to calculate the fibrosis-4 index(FIB-4)and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI).Serum LMWK-Fc and α-Gal antibodies were measured and compared across the groups,and their correlation with fibrosis severity was analyzed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to assess the predictive value of serum LMWK-Fc and α-Gal antibody levels for hepatic fibrosis. Results:Among the 160 patients without complete liver biopsy,serum α-Gal antibody and LMWK-Fc levels increased progressively from the no fibrosis group to the significant fibrosis group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Among the 115 patients with liver biopsy,serum LMWK-Fc levels were significantly higher in the fibrosis group and the significant fibrosis groups compared with the no fibrosis group,and α-Gal antibody levels were significantly higher in the significant fibrosis group compared with the no fibrosis group and the fibrosis group(P＜0.001,P=0.032,respectively).Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses showed that hepatic fibrosis was correlated with gender and LMWK-Fc levels(both P＜0.05),but not with age,α-Gal antibody levels,FIB-4,or APRI(all P＞0.05). Conclusion:The expression levels of serum LMWK-Fc and α-Gal antibodies vary across different stages of hepatic fibrosis,suggesting a potential association with fibrosis progression.LMWK-Fc levels have a certain predictive value for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To investigate dynamic shifts in the oral microbiota and their association with the progression and aggravation of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis(RIOM)in patients with head and neck malignancies undergoing radiotherapy.Methods Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing,dynamic changes of oral microbiota in patients was analyzed.Results Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria consistently constituted the predominant bacteria in the oral cavity.While there were no significant changes in the abso-lute abundance of microbiota,there were notable alterations in their relative richness and evenness.Analyses including CCA/RDA and Kruskal-Wallis indicated a significant increase in the proportions of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus genera in the later stages post-radio-therapy,showing statistically meaningful differences.Conclusion RIOM is associated with dysbiosis of oral microbiota.Microbial dys-biosis may aggravate the severity of RIOM.Streptococcus and Lactobacillus could be closely related to the progression of RIOM,pending further validation through animal experiments.

The emergence and evolution of digital intelligent technology has profoundly influenced the development of minimally invasive research-oriented hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery discipline. Over various periods, our team has always adhered to the principle of "being oriented by clinical issues and driven by clinical needs", continuously carried out innovative research across interdisciplinary boundaries, propelling the evolution of digital intelligent technology. Spanning over two decades, this journey includes the progression from digital virtual human, three-dimensional visualization, molecular fluorescence imaging, augmented reality and mixed reality, artificial intelligence, to the realm of human visualization meta-universe. This evolution facilitates the shift from two-dimensional empirical diagnoses of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgical diseases to deep learning intelligent diagnostics, the transition from morphology-based tumor diagnoses to molecular imaging-based diagnostics, and from conventional empirical surgery to intelligent navigation surgery. The authors provide a comprehensive review of our developmental process and achievements within the realm of digital intelligent diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, with the aims to promote the development and application of digital intelligent medicine.