AIM:This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which celoside I enhances mitophagy in a model of optic nerve injury through regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/c-Jun signaling pathway.METHODS:Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups:sham surgery,model,mecobalamin,and experimental group.Optic nerve injury was induced in the model,mecobala-min,and experimental groups,while the sham surgery group underwent a sham procedure.The mecobalamin group re-ceived mecobalamin,the experimental group received celoside I,and the sham surgery and model groups received saline.Interventions were administered daily for 28 d.Various techniques including endoscopy,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)stain-ing,TUNEL method,immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to assess fundus condition,retinal mor-phology,apoptosis,ROS expression,and protein levels in the retina.RESULTS:Fundus examination revealed im-proved blood flow in the mecobalamin and experimental groups compared to the model group.Retinal morphology showed enhanced retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)in the mecobalamin and experimental groups.Apoptosis index was lower in the mecobalamin group compared to the experimental group.Immunofluorescence staining indicated reduced ROS and P62 ex-pression and increased parkin and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)expression in the experimental group compared to the mecobalamin group.Protein analysis showed decreased JNK,c-Jun,and P62 levels,and increased parkin and LC3 levels in the mecobalamin and experimental groups compared to the model group.CONCLUSION:Celo-side I reduces ROS expression,inhibits the JNK/c-Jun pathway,enhances mitophagy,reduces apoptosis,and protects RGCs in optic nerve injury models.

Purpose To explore the expression of autoph-agy-related 7(ATG7)in breast cancer and its effect on the breast cancer development.Methods Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to detect ATG7 protein expression in breast cancer tissues and the relationship between ATG7 and clinico-pathological features was analyzed.ShRNA was used to interfere with the expression of ATG7 in breast cancer cell line MCF-7.Puromycin was used to screen for stably transfected cells and Western blot was used to detect transfection efficiency.The effect of ATG7 knockdown cells on proliferation ability was de-tected by CCK8 and clone formation experiments.The effect of ATG7 knockdown cells on tumorigenicity in vivo was detected by subcutaneous tumor formation experiment in nude mice.Results IHC showed that ATG7 expression in breast cancer tissues was mainly localized in cytoplasm,and its expression was significant-ly correlated with tumor size and Ki67 expression(P＜0.05).ATG7-shRNA significantly interfered with ATG7 expression in breast cancer cells MCF-7.CCK8 and clone formation experi-ments showed that ATG7 knockdown promoted the cell prolifera-tion compared with the control group.The experiment of subcu-taneous tumor formation in nude mice showed that the tumor for-mation ability of mice was significantly increased after ATG7 knockdown compared with the control group.Conclusion ATG7 may inhibit the proliferation capacity of breast cancer and could be a potential target for breast cancer therapy.

Background::Given that seizures may be triggered by vaccination, this study aimed to evaluate the risk and correlative factors of seizures in patients with epilepsy (PWE) after being vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods::This study retrospectively enrolled PWE who were vaccinated against COVID-19 in the epilepsy centers of 11 hospitals in China. We divided the PWE into two groups as follows: (1) patients who developed seizures within 14 days of vaccination were assigned to the SAV (with seizures after vaccination) group; (2) patients who were seizure-free within 14 days of vaccination were assigned to the SFAV (seizure-free after vaccination) group. To identify potential risk factors for seizure reccurence, the binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Besides, 67 PWE who had not been vaccinated were also included for elucidating the effects of vaccination on seizures recurrence, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether vaccination would affect the recurrence rate of PWE who had drug reduction or withdrawal.Results::The study included a total of 407 patients; of which, 48 (11.8%) developed seizures within 14 days after vaccination (SAV group), whereas 359 (88.2%) remained seizure-free (SFAV group). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that duration of seizure freedom ( P < 0.001) and withdrawal from anti-seizure medications (ASMs) or reduction in their dosage during the peri-vaccination period were significantly associated with the recurrence of seizures (odds ratio= 7.384, 95% confidence interval = 1.732–31.488, P = 0.007). In addition, 32 of 33 patients (97.0%) who were seizure-free for more than three months before vaccination and had a normal electroencephalogram before vaccination did not have any seizures within 14 days of vaccination. A total of 92 (22.6%) patients experienced non-epileptic adverse reactions after vaccination. Binary logistic regression analysis results showed that vaccine did not significantly affect the recurrence rate of PWE who had the behavior of ASMs dose reduction or withdrawal ( P = 0.143). Conclusions::PWE need protection from the COVID-19 vaccine. PWE who are seizure-free for >3 months before vaccination should be vaccinated. Whether the remaining PWE should be vaccinated depends on the local prevalence of COVID-19. Finally, PWE should avoid discontinuing ASMs or reducing their dosage during the peri-vaccination period.

Objective:To investigate the association between oxygen saturation (SpO 2) and risk of 3-year all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults aged 65 or over. Methods:The participants were enrolled from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in year of 2012 to 2014 in 9 longevity areas in China. In this prospective cohort study, 2 287 participants aged 65 or over were enrolled. Data on SpO 2 and body measurements were collected at baseline in 2012, and data on survival outcome and time of mortality were collected at the follow-up in 2014. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether SpO 2 was abnormal (SpO 2<94% was defined as abnormal). Results:The 2 287 participants were (86.5±12.2) years old, 1 006 were males (44.0%), and 315 (13.8%) were abnormal in SpO 2. During follow-up in 2014, 452 were died, 1 434 were survived, and 401 were lost to follow-up. The all-cause mortality rate was 19.8%, and the follow-up rate was 82.5%. The mortality rate of SpO 2 in normal group was 21.1%, and that of abnormal group was 41.6% ( P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to participants with normal SpO 2, participants with abnormal SpO 2 had increased risk of all-cause mortality with HR (95% CI) of 1.62 (1.31-2.02); HR (95 % CI) was 1.49 (0.98-2.26) for males and 1.71 (1.30-2.26) for females in abnormal SpO 2group, respectively; HR (95% CI) was 2.70 (0.98-7.44) for aged 65-79 years old, 1.22 (0.63-2.38) for aged 80-89 years old, and 1.72 (1.35-2.19) for aged over 90 years old in abnormal SpO 2 group, respectively. Conclusion:Abnormal SpO 2 was responsible for increased risk of 3-year all-cause mortality among Chinese elderly adults.

Objective:To investigate the association between oxygen saturation (SpO 2) and risk of 3-year all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults aged 65 or over. Methods:The participants were enrolled from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in year of 2012 to 2014 in 9 longevity areas in China. In this prospective cohort study, 2 287 participants aged 65 or over were enrolled. Data on SpO 2 and body measurements were collected at baseline in 2012, and data on survival outcome and time of mortality were collected at the follow-up in 2014. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether SpO 2 was abnormal (SpO 2<94% was defined as abnormal). Results:The 2 287 participants were (86.5±12.2) years old, 1 006 were males (44.0%), and 315 (13.8%) were abnormal in SpO 2. During follow-up in 2014, 452 were died, 1 434 were survived, and 401 were lost to follow-up. The all-cause mortality rate was 19.8%, and the follow-up rate was 82.5%. The mortality rate of SpO 2 in normal group was 21.1%, and that of abnormal group was 41.6% ( P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to participants with normal SpO 2, participants with abnormal SpO 2 had increased risk of all-cause mortality with HR (95% CI) of 1.62 (1.31-2.02); HR (95 % CI) was 1.49 (0.98-2.26) for males and 1.71 (1.30-2.26) for females in abnormal SpO 2group, respectively; HR (95% CI) was 2.70 (0.98-7.44) for aged 65-79 years old, 1.22 (0.63-2.38) for aged 80-89 years old, and 1.72 (1.35-2.19) for aged over 90 years old in abnormal SpO 2 group, respectively. Conclusion:Abnormal SpO 2 was responsible for increased risk of 3-year all-cause mortality among Chinese elderly adults.

Objective: To investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and all-cause mortality in the elderly aged 65 years and older in longevity areas in China. Methods: Data used in this study were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 1 802 elderly adults were collected in the study during 2012-2017/2018. In this study, the elderly were classified into 4 groups, moderate-to-severe group [<45 ml·min^-1·(1.73 m²)^-1], mild-to-moderate group [45- ml·min^-1·(1.73 m²)^-1], mild group [60- ml·min^-1·(1.73 m²)^-1] and normal group [≥90 ml·min^-1·(1.73 m²)^-1] according to their eGFR levels. Results: After 6 years of follow-up, 852 participants died, with a mortality rate of 47.3%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of eGFR were negatively correlated with all-cause mortality risk in the elderly (the HR of elderly was 0.993 and the 95%CI was 0.989-0.997 for every unit of eGFR increased, P=0.001), while compared with the group with normal eGFR, the HRs (95%CI) of the elderly in the moderate-to-severe group, mild-to-moderate group, and mild group were 1.690 (1.224-2.332, P=0.001), 1.312 (0.978-1.758, P=0.070), 1.349 (1.047-1.737, P=0.020) respectively [trend test P<0.001]. Conclusion The decrease in eGFR was associated with higher mortality risk among the elderly in longevity areas in China.

Objective:To investigate subjective ranking of factors influencing life and work among submariners in long oceangoing voyage, and to make some exploratory analysis and classification of those factors.Methods:A total of 546 submariners who had taken part in long oceangoing voyage were investigated by the specially designed Questionnaire on the Influence of Various Factors in the Long Oceangoing Voyage of Submariners. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. Results:During the long oceangoing voyage, the order of the factors influencing submariners′ life and work from high degree to low degree were as follows: submarine harmful gas, submarine noise, biorhythm disorder, worries about personal health, lack of information, monotonous life, temperature and humidity of post and rest cabin, difficulty in personal hygiene maintenance, worries about parents′ health, food problem, narrow space, pressures from operation on post and learning, seasickness, family economic pressure, limited personal development, effects of color and lighting, relationships with leaders and fellow crew members. These factors constituted two categories of factors: physical and chemical environment factors and psychosocial factors. The physical and chemical environmental factors included loud noise and high pollution, seasickness and visual discomfort, high temperature and humidity, self-hygiene problems and biorhythm disorder; and the psychosocial factors were health concerns, life pressure, monotonous life, interpersonal relationship pressure, and work pressure.Conclusion:The main factors that greatly affect submariners′ work and life in long oceangoing voyage are harmful gas, noise, biorhythm disorder, worries about personal health, lack of information, and monotonous life. Generally speaking, the influence of the physical and chemical environment factors is greater than that of the psychosocial factors, although the latter one cannot be neglected as a major factor. It is necessary to improve the working and living environment of submariners through some targeted work, e. g. optimizing submarine design and providing psychological function care, so as to reduce the influence of various factors on the life and work of submariners.

Objective:To investigate subjective ranking of factors influencing life and work among submariners in long oceangoing voyage, and to make some exploratory analysis and classification of those factors.Methods:A total of 546 submariners who had taken part in long oceangoing voyage were investigated by the specially designed Questionnaire on the Influence of Various Factors in the Long Oceangoing Voyage of Submariners. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. Results:During the long oceangoing voyage, the order of the factors influencing submariners′ life and work from high degree to low degree were as follows: submarine harmful gas, submarine noise, biorhythm disorder, worries about personal health, lack of information, monotonous life, temperature and humidity of post and rest cabin, difficulty in personal hygiene maintenance, worries about parents′ health, food problem, narrow space, pressures from operation on post and learning, seasickness, family economic pressure, limited personal development, effects of color and lighting, relationships with leaders and fellow crew members. These factors constituted two categories of factors: physical and chemical environment factors and psychosocial factors. The physical and chemical environmental factors included loud noise and high pollution, seasickness and visual discomfort, high temperature and humidity, self-hygiene problems and biorhythm disorder; and the psychosocial factors were health concerns, life pressure, monotonous life, interpersonal relationship pressure, and work pressure.Conclusion:The main factors that greatly affect submariners′ work and life in long oceangoing voyage are harmful gas, noise, biorhythm disorder, worries about personal health, lack of information, and monotonous life. Generally speaking, the influence of the physical and chemical environment factors is greater than that of the psychosocial factors, although the latter one cannot be neglected as a major factor. It is necessary to improve the working and living environment of submariners through some targeted work, e. g. optimizing submarine design and providing psychological function care, so as to reduce the influence of various factors on the life and work of submariners.

Objective To optimize the flash type extraction ofDanzhuye Granules.Methods With the total flavonoids and extract yield as indices, the orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the extraction times, the ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and the duration of extraction forDanzhuye Granules.Results The factors that infuenced the extract efficiency from high to low were the extraction times, volume fraction of ethanol, the ratio of liquid to solid, and the extraction time. The optimum extracting condition included that the origin was extrated by the ethanol volume fraction 80% with the material to liquid ratio 30:1, total of 3 times, with each time of 3 minutes. Validation experiments of the potimal condition showed that the extraction of total flavonoids was 29.1 mg/g, and the extract yield was 23.6%.Conclusions The flash type extraction method is suitable for extraction, which provides a new method for the development and utilization ofDanzhuye Granules.

Objective To investigate the current dyslipidemia profiles and correlation with etiological factors in early stage post-transplantation, and the impact of lipid metabolic disorder on renal function. Methods The clinical data of 1032 renal allografts from eight hospitals in Beijing between 2004 and 2008 were collected and evaluated retrospectively. Before and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month post-transplantation, the changes in blood total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG),low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol were analyzed. The difference in the blood lipid disorder at different stages stratified by time and different age group, the effects of immunosuppressive agents on blood lipid, and the impact of blood lipid disorder on the blood creatinine were studied. Results Except HDL-cholesterol, TC, LDL-cholesterol and TG levels were increased gradually at the first year, especially LDL-cholesterol and TG. The TC and LDL-choleaterol abnormalities were obviously related with age (P<0. 01 ). The effect of Tacrolimus (Tac)-based immunosuppressive regimen on the lipid metabolic disorder was less than cyclosporine (CsA). At the first year, there was no significant difference in blood creatinine between lipid-lowering treatment and non-lipid-lowering treatment (P>0. 05). For the recipients not subject to lipid-lowering treatment and their TG level higher than the normal at the first month after operation, the creatinine level at the first year was significantly higher than in those with normal TG level (P< 0. 05). Conclusion The lipid metabolic disorder following renal transplantation is a common complication after the first transplant year, and was related with age and immunosuppressive agent regimen. Tac-based immunosuppressive regimen has little effects on the blood lipid metabolism.