ObjectiveTo explore the target of Erzhiwan in reducing myocardial injury in ovariectomized mice through non-targeted myocardial metabolomics combined with experimental verification. MethodsOvariectomized mouse model was selected， 40 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， estrogen group（estradiol valerate， 1.3×10^-4 g·kg^-1）， Erzhiwan low and high dose groups（3.12， 9.36 g·kg^-1）， with 8 mice in each group. Each administration group was given the corresponding dose of Erzhiwan by gavage， and the sham operation group and model group were given equal volume of distilled water by gavage for 12 weeks. Echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function， hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe myocardial morphological changes， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of estrogen， N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide（NT-proBNP）， hypersensitive troponin T（hs-TnT）， total cholesterol（TC）， triglyceride（TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）， interleukin（IL）-1β， IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）. The non-targeted metabolomics of mouse myocardium were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）， and the differential metabolites and corresponding metabolic pathways were obtained. The mRNA expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K） and protein kinase B（Akt） in mouse myocardial tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）， and the protein expression levels of PI3K， Akt， phosphorylated（p）-Akt were detected by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed abnormal cardiac function， increased myocardial fiber space， cardiomyocyte atrophy， sarcoplasmic aggregation， and occasional dissolution or rupture of muscle fiber， the level of estrogen in the serum was decreased， the levels of NT-proBNP， hs-TnT， IL-1β， IL-18， TNF-α， TG， TC and LDL-C were increased， and the level of HDL-C was decreased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Erzhiwan could increase the level of estrogen， improve the abnormal cardiac function， reduce the pathological injury of myocardial tissue， decrease the levels of myocardial injury markers（NT-proBNP， hs-TnT） and inflammatory factors（IL-1β， IL-18， TNF-α）， decrease the levels of TG， TC， LDL-C， and increased the level of HDL-C（P<0.01）. The results of non-targeted myocardial metabolomics showed that 31 of the 162 differential metabolites between the model group and sham operation group were significantly adjusted after administration of Erzhiwan， which were mainly glycerol phospholipid metabolites. Pathway enrichment results showed that Erzhiwan mainly affected glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway， PI3K-Akt pathway， cyclic guanosine monophosphate（cGMP）-protein kinase G（PKG） pathway and other metabolic pathways. Compared with the sham operation group， the levels of phosphatidylcholine（PC， 11 types） and phosphatidylethanolamine（PE， 5 types） in mouse myocardial tissue of the model group were increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K and p-Akt were decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the levels of PC（11 types） and PE（5 types） were decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01） in myocardial tissue of Erzhiwan group， the mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K and p-Akt were elevated（P<0.01）. ConclusionErzhiwan can alleviate the pathological injury of myocardium in ovariectomized mice， improve the abnormal cardiac function， improve lipid metabolism disorder， and reduce the levels of myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors， which involves a number of signaling and metabolic pathways in the heart， among which glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and PI3K/Akt pathway may have key roles.

The pursuit of cosmetic effects in post-surgical wounds has led to the development of ultra-minimally invasive techniques in surgery. Minimal invasive surgery has replaced open surgery and has become the new gold-standard for treating diseases. One such technique is the single incision triangulated umbilicus surgery (SITUS), which offers several advantages over traditional laparoscopic and other scarless surgeries, including reduced trauma, faster recovery, and better cosmetic outcomes. SITUS also has a short learning curve, aligns with conventional instrumentation operating habits, and can be used for whole abdominal surgeries. Chinese scholars have made further improvements to the SITUS technology, including expanding its applicability in intra-abdominal surgery and refining its incision closure methods to achieve superior cosmetic results. Currently, SITUS technology is experiencing rapid development in urology applications and has demonstrated satisfactory results in both domestic and international reports. This review aims to discuss the effectiveness and development of the SITUS technique in urology.

BACKGROUND:The research of dental stem cells in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering has been deepening,bringing hope for the repair of tooth-related tissues and the treatment of systemic diseases.However,there is a lack of systematic research and analysis on the biological characteristics of dental stem cells in different age groups. OBJECTIVE:To explore the biological characteristics of the human deciduous tooth and permanent tooth pulp stem cells cultured in umbilical cord blood platelet lysate to provide a reliable basis for human platelet lysates to replace fetal bovine serum. METHODS:The pulp tissues of deciduous teeth,juvenile permanent teeth and adult permanent teeth were taken out and cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum or different concentrations(5%,10%and 15%)of human platelet lysates.Cell proliferation in the four groups was detected by cytometry.The optimal concentration of human platelet lysates was selected for subsequent experiments.Under the optimal concentration of human platelet lysates,human deciduous tooth and juvenile and adult permanent tooth pulp stem cells were cultured in vitro.The cell growth status was observed under the microscope.The specific antigen on the cell surface was detected by flow cytometry.The cell proliferation ability was tested by the cell counting method and CCK-8 assay.The cell differentiation ability in vitro was observed by a three-line differentiation assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The cell proliferation rate of the 10%human platelet lysate group was the highest.(2)In all three groups,fusiform fibrous cells grew and expanded from around the tissue block.There was no significant difference between deciduous teeth and juvenile permanent tooth cells,but the adult permanent tooth cells were larger than the deciduous and juvenile permanent tooth cells of the same generation.(3)The results of flow cytometry showed that deciduous teeth,juvenile permanent teeth and adult permanent teeth conformed to the phenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells.(4)The proliferative capacity of adult permanent dental pulp stem cells was significantly lower than those of deciduous teeth and juvenile permanent dental pulp stem cells(P<0.01).(5)mRNA expressions of osteoblast-related genes alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic protein 2,lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2,mRNA expressions of chondroblast related gene type II collagen α1 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in adult pulp stem cells of permanent teeth were significantly lower than those of deciduous teeth and juvenile permanent teeth pulp stem cells(P<0.01).(6)Compared with adult dental pulp stem cells,human deciduous teeth and juvenile permanent teeth dental pulp stem cells have the stronger proliferative capacity and multidirectional differentiation potential,and are more suitable for clinical research and disease treatment.

L-theanine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on depression.However,whether L-theanine has an excellent preventive effect on depression in children and adolescents and what its mechanism is have not been well explained.Given the complexity of the pathogenesis of depression,this study investigated the preventive effect and mechanism of L-theanine on depression in juvenile rats by combining serum and hippocampal metabolomic strategies.Behavioral tests,hippocampal tissue sections,and serum and hippocampal biochemical indexes were studied,and the results confirmed the preventive effect of L-theanine.Untargeted reversed-phase liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spec-trometry and targeted hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spec-trometry were developed to analyze the metabolism changes in the serum and hippocampus to screen for potential biomarkers related to L-theanine treatment.The results suggested that 28 abnormal me-tabolites in the serum and hippocampus that were considered as potential biomarkers returned to near-normal levels after L-theanine administration.These biomarkers were involved in various metabolic pathways,mainly including amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism.The levels of amino acids and neurotransmitters in the phenylalanine,tryptophan,and glutamic acid pathways were significantly reduced after L-theanine administration compared with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced rats.In summary,L-theanine had a significant preventive effect on depression and achieved its preventive results on depression by regulating various aspects of the body,such as amino acids,lipids,and inflammation.This research systematically analyzed the mechanism of L-theanine in preventing depression and laid the foundation for applying L-theanine to prevent depression in children and adolescents.

Objective: To understand the status of pinworm infection in rural children aged 3-9 years in Anhui Province, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control strategy of pinworm disease. Methods: According to the National Surveillance Program of Liver Fluke Disease and Soil Transmitted Nematodiasis(Trial), no less than 10% counties(cities and districts) in Anhui Province were selected as mobile surveillance sites every year. Each surveillance site was divided into 5 areas on the basis of geographical location(east, west, south, north and middle), from each of the areas, one administrative village was selected from one township(town, community) for conducting surveillance. Children at age 3-9 years from each site were examined for pinworm infection with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method and the adhesive cellophane tape perianal swab method. Chi square test was used to compare the infection rate. Results: From 2017 to 2021, the 5 year average infection rate of pinworm in rural Anhui was 1.34%(128/9 557), and there was no significant difference in the infection rate over the years( P >0.05). The detection rates of the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method and the adhesive cellophane tape perianal swab method were 0.28% and 1.23%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant( χ 2=72.97, P <0.01). In different regions, the 5 year average infection rate of Fuyang City was the highest(4.27%), and the rate of each city was positively correlated with the number of local resident population( r =0.54, P <0.05). There was no significant sex difference in the 5 year average infection rates( P >0.05). The 5 year average infection rate of children aged 3 to 9 years in rural areas were 0.62%, 1.10%, 1.44%, 1.57%, 0.94%, 2.09% and 1.57%, respectively, showed an increasing trend with the increase of age( χ 2=14.41, χ 2 trend =6.70, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the average infection rate between scattered children and collectively living children( P >0.05). Conclusion From 2017 to 2021, the infection rate of pinworm among children in rural Anhui province remains at a low level. In the future, health education and monitoring should be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate patients' compliance of endoscopic surveillance after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and the influencing factors.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. The data of patients who underwent ESD in Xijing Digestive Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2014 to December 2015 were collected through questionnaire and telephone call. The questionnaire survey was conducted from May 1, 2019 to July 31, 2020. Patients' compliance for endoscopic surveillance and influencing factors were evaluated. Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis to determine independent risk factors affecting compliance of endoscopic surveillance.Results:A total of 413 questionnaires were collected, of which 331 (80.1%) patients were well complied with endoscopic surveillance, and 82 (19.9%) were not. Univariate analysis showed that gender ( χ2=4.68, P=0.034), lesion type ( χ2=10.10, P=0.002), educational background ( χ2=4.00, P=0.049), disposable income ( χ2=7.00, P=0.009), employment ( χ2=11.29, P=0.004) and medical insurance ( χ2=13.59, P=0.001) affected patients' endoscopic surveillance compliance. Logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with submucosal lesions were less likely to be compliant than patients with mucosal lesions with the same type of medical insurance ( P<0.001, OR=0.383, 95% CI: 0.227-0.644); and with the same lesion type, patients with urban medical insurance were more likely to be compliant than those with rural cooperative medical insurance ( P<0.001, OR=2.938, 95% CI: 1.696-5.090). Conclusion:The endoscopic surveillance compliance for post-ESD patients is related to the lesion type, the type of medical insurance, and the awareness of the disease. More attention should be paid to those with submucosal lesions and rural cooperative medical insurance due to their poor compliance. And it is necessary to improve health education on the disease for better surveillance compliance.

Objective: To explore the effects of melatonin(MT) on the fertilization of in vitro matured oocytes in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) cycles and the development of subsequent embryos. Methods: Imma-ture human oocytes from COH cycles were collected for in vitro maturation(IVM) culture and intracytoplasmic sperm injection( ICSI) insemination,and then the cleavage embryo and blastocyst culture medium supplemented with 0,10-11,10-9,10-7or 10-5mol/L MT were used in order to perform embryo culture in vitro,next the formed high-quality blastocysts were picked up and cryopreserved via vitrification,finally,array-CGH technology was used to detect aneuploidy of rewarmed high-quality blastocysts. Results: The blastocyst rate of 10-9mol/L group was significantly higher than that of 10-11,10-7,10-5and 0 mol/L groups( P<0. 05,P<0. 01,P<0. 000 1,P<0. 01),respectively; the high-quality blastocyst rate of 10-9mol/L group was higher than that of other groups,but there were only significant differences compared with 10-5mol/L and 0 mol/L groups( P<0. 01,P<0. 05); the incidence of aneuploidy in MT group( 17. 6%) was lower than that in non-MT group( 33. 3%),but no significant difference was found. Conclusion The addition of MT to human embryo culture medium can promote the in vitro development of embryo,which is related to concentration,and 10-9mol/L is the optimal concentration.

Objective : To investigate whether the application of melatonin (MT) in embryo culture in vitro can improve the treatment effect of in vitro fertilization embryo transfer(IVF⁃ET) in patients with decreasing ovarian reserve (DOR) . Methods : 128 DOR patients receiving assisted reproductive therapy were collected. All patients were treated with an antagonist scheme of super⁃ovulation. Patients were divided into melatonin group (n = 56) and control group (n = 72) according to whether melatonin ( melatonin concentration 10 - 9 mol/L) was added into embryo culture medium. Results : There was no statistically significant difference in oocytes fertilization rate and cleavage rate between the two groups during later embryo culture , but blastocyst formation rate ( 65. 22% vs 56. 16% ) and high⁃quality blastocyst rate (52. 96% vs 40. 94% ) in the melatonin group were higher than those in the control group , and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ) . There were no significant differences in the implantation rate (50. 00% vs 38. 67% ) and clinical pregnancy rate (48. 39% vs 46. 00% ) of blastocysts after freezing⁃thawing between the two groups , but the cycle number of high⁃quality blastocysts obtained in the melatonin group was higher than that in the control group (85. 71% vs 69. 44% ) , and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion In a way , the application of melatonin in the in vitro culture of early embryos can promote the development of oocytes in patients with DOR , improve the quality of embryos , and finally substantially improve the therapeutic effect of such patients.

Researches have shown that lung injury due to excessive spontaneous breathing effort, that is, patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI), may be the important manifestation and possible mechanism of ventilation-associated lung injury and ventilation-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients who were mechanically ventilated with intense spontaneous breathing. This paper reviews the concept of P-SILI, possible occurrence mechanism, clinical significance, and prevention and treatment, in order to provide more ideas for clinical ARDS management.

Objective:To establish a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assay for Corynebacterium ( C.) striatum, explore the population structure and evolution relationship of clinical isolates of C. striatum. Methods:Seven housekeeping genes ( gyrA, gyrB, hsp65, sodA, secA1, rpoB, 16S rRNA) were amplified with PCR by using self-designed specific primers and sequenced. Then, the sequences were assembled with software SeqMan. The gene diversity and gene recombination characteristics were evaluated by using software DnaSP 5.10.01 and Splits tree 4.14.2. The phylogenetic tree and the minimum spanning tree were constructed based on the sequence types (ST) characteristics by using software MEGA 7.0.14 and BioNumerics, respectively. In addition, the genetic evolutionary relationship among STs were analyzed by using software eBURST 3.0. Results:The expected amplification products of seven sites selected in all the test strains were obtained. Splits tree showed that the clustering of all C. striatum strains was consistent, suggesting that gene recombination is the potential driving force for the evolution of C. striatum. All of the 344 C.striatum strains were divided into 72 STs by MLST and 85.7% of the strains formed clonal complexes. CC19 was the predominant clonal complex, whereas ST16 in the clonal complex was detected in the most strains. ST had a certain geographic clustering and a certain correlation with the isolation time. Conclusions:C. striatum showed high genetic diversity in China and CC19 was the predominant clonal complex. The MLST assay established in this study can be used for the typing of C. striatum, but further improvement is needed.