Objective To investigate the causal relationship between abnormal placental lipid metabolism and trophoblast dysfunction in patients with preeclampsia(PE),and to explore the regulatory effects of PPARγ on trophoblast function under hypoxic conditions.Methods Placental tissues were collected from 30 patients with PE and 30 individuals with normal pregnancies at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between October 2020 and November 2021 for the analysis of lipid deposition.A rat model of PE was established,comprising a sham-operated(Sham)group and a reduced uterine perfusion pressure(Rupp)group,with six rats in each group(n=12 total).Human trophoblast cells(HTR-8/SVneo)were cultured in vitro and randomly assigned to four experimental groups:normoxic control,hypoxia,hypoxia+PPARγ agonist(Rosiglitazone),and hypoxia+PPARγ antagonist(T0070907).The expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and transcription factors(FASN,FABP4,PPARγ,LXRα)were assessed using RT-qPCR.Western blotting was performed to determine the protein expression levels of PPARγ.Cell migration and invasion capacities were evaluated using scratch wound healing and Transwell assays,respectively.Results Placental lipid deposition in the PE group was significantly higher than that in the control group,particularly in the Rupp model mice(P<0.001).Under hypoxic conditions,the expression levels of FASN and FABP4 were upregulated in trophoblast cells(P<0.001),whereas the expression of PPARγ and LXRα was downregulated(P<0.001).Furthermore,treatment with the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 exacerbated the inhibitory effects of hypoxia on cell function(P<0.001),significantly reducing cell invasion and migration capacity(P<0.001).Additional siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments confirmed that PPARγ deficiency further aggravated hypoxia-induced impairments in cell migration and invasion,and this detrimental effect could not be reversed by Rosiglitazone.Conclusions Abnormal placental lipid metabolism in PE is closely linked to PPARγ-mediated enhancement of lipid synthesis and metabolic dysregulation under hypoxic conditions,which may subsequently impair trophoblast invasion and migration.

Andrographolide sulfonate (AS) is a sulfonated derivative of andrographolide extracted from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, and has been approved for several decades in China. The present study aimed to investigate the novel therapeutic application and possible mechanisms of AS in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Results indicated that administration of AS by injection or gavage significantly reduced the paw swelling, improved body weights, and attenuated pathological changes in joints of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Additionally, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in the serum and ankle joints were reduced. Bioinformatics analysis, along with the spleen index and measurements of IL-17 and IL-10 levels, suggested a potential relationship between AS and Th17 cells under arthritic conditions. In vitro, AS was shown to block Th17 cell differentiation, as evidenced by the reduced percentages of CD4⁺ IL-17A⁺ T cells and decreased expression levels of RORγt, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22, without affecting the cell viability and apoptosis. This effect was attributed to the limited glycolysis, as indicated by metabolomics analysis, reduced glucose uptake, and pH measurements. Further investigation revealed that AS might bind to hexokinase2 (HK2) to down-regulate the protein levels of HK2 but not glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and overexpression of HK2 reversed the inhibition of AS on Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, AS impaired the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signals in vivo and in vitro, which was abolished by the addition of lactate. In conclusion, AS significantly improved adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats by inhibiting glycolysis-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT to restrain Th17 cell differentiation.
Animals ; Th17 Cells/immunology* ; Diterpenes/pharmacology* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/immunology* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Rats ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Humans ; Andrographis paniculata/chemistry* ; Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy* ; Interleukin-17/immunology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*

Objective To examine the serological and molecular prevalence as well as genotype characteristics of human Parvovirus B19 blood donors in Lanzhou,and to provide evidence for developing a screening strategy to reduce the risk of blood transfusion transmission.Methods A total of 5 722 blood samples collected from Lanzhou blood donors from April 2023 to October 2023 were tested for B19 DNA using real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR).Additionally,383 samples were screened for anti-B19 IgG and anti-B19 IgM using synchronous enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA).Viral load and VP1 sequencing were conducted on the B19 DNA-positive samples and the Neighbor-Joining(N-J)method was used to construct an evolutionary tree for the sequenced samples.Results The prevalence of human Parvovirus B19 DNA,IgG antibody and IgM antibody was 0.47%(27/5 722),25.59%(98/383)and 0.26%(1/383),respectively,and the samples positive for B19 DNA,IgG antibody and IgM antibody were 0.26%(1/383).The co-positivity rate for B19 DNA and IgG antibody was 6.27%(24/383),while the positivity rates for B19 DNA or IgG antibody alone were 0.52%(2/383)and 19.06%(73/383),respectively.Viral loads ranged from 4.24 IU/ml to 5.67×102 IU/ml,all below 104 IU/ml.There was no statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 DNA in gender(χ2=0.86,P=0.35),but there was statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 DNA among all age groups(χ2=8.00,P=0.02).The highest positive rate of B19 DNA was 0.65%in the 18～30 age group.There was statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 IgG antibody in gender(χ2=5.03,P=0.02),but there was no statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 IgG antibody among all age groups(χ2=0.51,P=0.77).The highest positive rate of B19 IgG antibody was 29.09%in the age group of 41 to 60.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of B19 IgM antibody in gender(χ2=2.84,P=0.09).The highest positive rate of B19 IgM was 3.85%in the age group of 18～30 years old.Based on the VP1 sequence,the phylogenetic tree revealed that B19 strains in Lanzhou formed a distinct cladistic lineage within genotype 1,predominantly represented by genotype 1b.Conclusion The prevalence of B19 DNA and IgM antibodies among blood donors in the Lanzhou area is low,and so is the viral load.Therefore the risk of transmitting B19 through blood transfusion is relatively small.Since the prevalence of B19 IgG antibody is high,it is suggested to closely monitor the transmission situation in the area,regularly monitor the prevalence of B19 among blood donors,and track the situation of B19 DNA-positive blood donors to recipients to ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Renal tumors are common diseases of urinary system.In recent years,the development of radiomics and artificial intelligence(AI)technology had provided new directions of accurate diagnosis,differential diagnosis,evaluating grade and stage,as well as guiding treatment of renal tumors.The research progresses of radiomics and AI for renal tumors were reviewed in this article.

Renal tumors are common diseases of urinary system.In recent years,the development of radiomics and artificial intelligence(AI)technology had provided new directions of accurate diagnosis,differential diagnosis,evaluating grade and stage,as well as guiding treatment of renal tumors.The research progresses of radiomics and AI for renal tumors were reviewed in this article.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal clustering characteristics of scarlet fever in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2023, so as to provide a reference for improving the prevention and control strategy of scarlet fever. Methods: The data of scarlet fever cases in Jinhua City from 2005 to 2023 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated to analyze the trend of scarlet fever incidence from 2005 to 2023. The spatial-temporal clustering of scarlet fever was identified using spatial autocorrelation analysis and space-time scanning analysis. Results: A total of 1 494 scarlet fever cases were reported in Jinhua City from 2005 to 2023, and the average annual reported incidence rate was 1.41/100 000, with no significant change trend (AAPC=1.706%, P>0.05). There were two incidence peaks, from April to June and from November to January of the next year. There were 937 males and 557 females, with a male to female ratio of 1.68∶1. The age was mainly <10 years (1 391 cases, 93.11%), of which 3-<7 years was the high incidence age group (936 cases, 62.65%). There were 1 466 cases of preschool children, students, and scattered children, accounting for 98.13%. The average annual reported incidence of scarlet fever in Dongyang City, Pujiang County, and Yongkang City was 4.58/100 000, 3.04/100 000, and 1.99/100 000, respectively. The spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a positive spatial correlation between the incidence of scarlet fever in Jinhua City from 2005 to 2023 (Moran's I=0.579, P<0.05), and the high-high clustering areas were mainly distributed in Dongyang City and Pujiang County. The spatial-temporal scanning analysis showed that there were 8 spatial-temporal clustering areas of scarlet fever in Jinhua City from 2005 to 2023. The class Ⅰ clustering area was 9 towns in Dongyang City, and the clustering period was from August 2013 to December 2022. There were 7 class Ⅱ clusters, covering some streets in Pujiang County, Dongyang City, Yongkang City, Yiwu City, and Pan'an County. Conclusions From 2005 to 2023, the incidence of scarlet fever in Jinhua City was relatively low, and children aged 3-<7 years had a high incidence, and there was a spatiotemporal clustering. The peak incidence was from April to June and from November to January of the next year. Dongyang City, Pujiang County, and Yongkang City had high incidence areas.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease, is associated with depression and anxiety. Intestinal inflammation increases susceptibility to psychiatric disorders through a multidimensional network of immune-inflammatory, neuroendocrine, intestinal flora, and intestinal barrier abnormalities. Conversely, psychiatric stress exacerbates the pathology of IBD through immune regulation, intestinal barrier disruption, and microenvironmental alterations. Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanisms of comorbidity between IBD and depression and anxiety to optimise clinical management. This article reviews the comorbid mechanisms of IBD and depression and anxiety from the perspectives of immune-inflammatory axis, intestinal flora-metabolic pathway, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and neuroendocrine regulation in the context of rodent models, and explore potential intervention strategies, with the aim of providing new ideas and targets for therapeutic and transformation research in this field.

Objective:To reveal the evolutionary characteristics of tissue engineering strategies for spinal cord injury repair from basic research to clinical application, based on the core database of Web of Science.Methods:Key words such as ′′scaffold′′, ′′growth factors′′, ′′stem-cells′′ and ′′progenitors′′ were searched for in the core database of Web of Science before December 31, 2024, with different combinations of keywords used. The search range was set to ′′Topic′′, and the category was ′′Article′′. The original literature data were screened, sorted and formatted using Excel and self-made R program. High-frequency words and annual scientific output were analysed using the Bibliometrix software package. The literature bird online analysis tool was used to screen the high-impact team and draw the author relationship map.Results:A total of 62 142 articles were retrieved, involving multiple disciplines such as biology and medicine. scaffold (17 times), growth factors (9 times) and stem-cells (37 times) were the three most frequently occuring tissue engineering elements in the spinal cord injury. In terms of scientific output in the field of spinal cord injury mechanism research, the number of articles on stem cell-related research began to exceed that of biological scaffolds and growth factors in 2001 (7 articles campared to 1 and 5 articles), and this increase has continued. For over 20 years, the number of stem cell-related articles has consistently outnumbered those on biological scaffolds and growth factors, with the disparity widening over time. Since 2010, the number of articles on growth factor-related research has shown a downward trend, while the number of articles on biological scaffold-related research has increased steadily. Since 2012, the number of articles on biological scaffold-related research (33 articles) has consistently exceeded that of growth factors (22 articles). In the scientific output of clinical research in the field of spinal cord injury, the number of articles on stem cell-related research has gradually increased since 2002 (4 articles), and has consistently outnumbered those on biological scaffolds and growth factors. Since 2011, the number of articles on growth factor-related research has decreased, while the number of articles on biological scaffold-related research has increased. Since 2016, the number of articles on biological scaffold-related research (6 articles) has been higher than that of growth factors (3 articles). Before December 31, 2024, although the number of articles on stem cells was higher than those on growth factors and biological scaffolds (22 and 20 articles), the difference was far less significant than that for mechanism research (101 and 90 articles). The median scientific output of the three-element composite (48 articles) and its respective applications (37 stem cells articles, 33 growth factors articles, 17 biological scaffolds articles) in the field of tissue engineering all appeared in 2011. The scientific output of the three-element composite application in the field of spinal cord injury research was the highest in 2010 (9 articles). Taking 2010 as a boundary point, the research process can be divided into an early and a late stage. Early research focused on a single element, whereas late stage research turned to the composite application of all three elements. Related research results showed a rapid growth trend. Around 2010, the number of articles on the application of the three elements in the field of spinal cord injury was 2 445. The field entered a new period of rapid development around this time, with a growth rate of 9.15%, and has remained stable since then. Around 2010, the discovery and application of induced pluripotent stem cells also began to receive significant attention (496 articles), and related research has remained active ever since. The top five most influential researchers in the field of spinal cord injury neurorestoration were Dai JW (Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China), Gage FH (Solke Institute of Biology, USA), G?tz M (Biomedical Center of the University of Munich, Germany), Song HJ (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA), and Shoichet MS (University of Toronto, Canada). Notably, only Dai JW team has published clinical studies exhibiting a head effect in the field.Conclusions:Based on the core database of Web of Science, the development of spinal cord injury was explored. Basic research into biological scaffolds, stem cells and growth factors has developed rapidly, with stem cells and biological scaffold material research being particularly active. The three elements are gradually tending towards multi-strategy combined application. Although research objectives in spinal cord injury have advanced from exploring the basic research of the three elements to clinical transformation, the efficiency with which research results are transformed into clinical practice remains low.