Due to the advancement of 16S rRNA sequencing technology, the lower respiratory tract microbiota, which was considered non-existent, has been revealed. The correlation between these microorganisms and diseases such as tumor has been a hot topic in recent years. As the bacteria in the surrounding can infiltrate the tumors, researchers have also begun to pay attention to the biological behavior of tumor bacteria and their interaction with tumors. In this review, we present the characteristic of the lower respiratory tract bacteria and summarize recent research findings on the relationship between these microbiota and lung cancer. On top of that, we also summarize the basic feature of bacteria in tumors and focus on the characteristic of the bacteria in lung cancer. The relationship between bacteria in lung cancer and tumor development is also been discussed. Finally, we review the potential clinical applications of bacterial communities in the lower respiratory tract and lung cancer, and summarize key points of sample collection, sequencing, and contamination control, hoping to provide new ideas for the screening and treatment of tumors.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Bacteria/genetics* ; Microbiota ; Respiratory System ; Lung/microbiology*

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of three-dimensional(3D) flap model accurately designed before the operation in repairing irregular wounds of limbs with anterolateral thigh(ALT) perforator flap.Methods:The data of patients with ALT flaps designed with 3D printing technology to repair irregular soft tissue defects of limbs in Suzhou Ruihua Orthopedic Hospital from January to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. After the wound was scanned by 3D scanner before surgery, the wound model was printed. The ALT flap was precisely designed and harvested for covering the wound according to the body surface projection of the perforator vessel in the anterolateral femoral region located by color Doppler ultrasound before surgery. The survival of the flap, the healing of the donor and recipient sites and the occurrence of complications were observed and followed up after the operation. The effect of wound repair was evaluated by the comprehensive efficacy evaluation scale of the skin flap. The total score was 100 points, which was divided into excellent (90-100 points), good (75-89 points), fair (60-74 points) and poor (< 60 points).Results:A total of 34 patients were enrolled, including 26 males and 8 females, aged 18-75 years, with an average age of 45.5 years. Injury sites: wrist in 17 cases, foot in 10 cases, ankle in 7 cases. The operation time was 2.0-4.5 h (mean 3.3 h), and all donor sites were sutured directly. Vascular crisis occurred in 2 cases after skin flap transplantation. After surgical exploration, the transplanted skin flap survived, and the other skin flaps survived successfully. All 34 patients were followed up for 6 to 10 months, with an average of 8 months. All the donor sites of the skin flap healed primarily, and the wound healing time of the recipient site was 10-44 days, with an average of 20 days. At the last follow-up, the skin flap was good in color and texture, and the sensation returned to S1 and S2 grades. There were scars left in the donor site, no cicatricial contracture, pain and other discomfort, and no other serious complications. The results of flap evaluation were 80-91 points, with an average of 86 points. Among them, 25 cases were excellent, 6 cases were good, 3 cases were fair, and the excellent and good rate was 91%(31/34).Conclusion:The application of 3D printing technology assisted the design of ALT perforator flap to repair irregular wounds of limbs can significantly reduce the intraoperative design time of the flap, which is in line with the concept of precise design and incision of the flap, and has good clinical effect, and can effectively reduce the trauma and complications of the donor site.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of three-dimensional(3D) flap model accurately designed before the operation in repairing irregular wounds of limbs with anterolateral thigh(ALT) perforator flap.Methods:The data of patients with ALT flaps designed with 3D printing technology to repair irregular soft tissue defects of limbs in Suzhou Ruihua Orthopedic Hospital from January to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. After the wound was scanned by 3D scanner before surgery, the wound model was printed. The ALT flap was precisely designed and harvested for covering the wound according to the body surface projection of the perforator vessel in the anterolateral femoral region located by color Doppler ultrasound before surgery. The survival of the flap, the healing of the donor and recipient sites and the occurrence of complications were observed and followed up after the operation. The effect of wound repair was evaluated by the comprehensive efficacy evaluation scale of the skin flap. The total score was 100 points, which was divided into excellent (90-100 points), good (75-89 points), fair (60-74 points) and poor (< 60 points).Results:A total of 34 patients were enrolled, including 26 males and 8 females, aged 18-75 years, with an average age of 45.5 years. Injury sites: wrist in 17 cases, foot in 10 cases, ankle in 7 cases. The operation time was 2.0-4.5 h (mean 3.3 h), and all donor sites were sutured directly. Vascular crisis occurred in 2 cases after skin flap transplantation. After surgical exploration, the transplanted skin flap survived, and the other skin flaps survived successfully. All 34 patients were followed up for 6 to 10 months, with an average of 8 months. All the donor sites of the skin flap healed primarily, and the wound healing time of the recipient site was 10-44 days, with an average of 20 days. At the last follow-up, the skin flap was good in color and texture, and the sensation returned to S1 and S2 grades. There were scars left in the donor site, no cicatricial contracture, pain and other discomfort, and no other serious complications. The results of flap evaluation were 80-91 points, with an average of 86 points. Among them, 25 cases were excellent, 6 cases were good, 3 cases were fair, and the excellent and good rate was 91%(31/34).Conclusion:The application of 3D printing technology assisted the design of ALT perforator flap to repair irregular wounds of limbs can significantly reduce the intraoperative design time of the flap, which is in line with the concept of precise design and incision of the flap, and has good clinical effect, and can effectively reduce the trauma and complications of the donor site.

Humans ; Fractures, Compression/surgery* ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy* ; Vertebroplasty ; Osteoporotic Fractures/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; Bone Cements

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of neuroendoscopic hematoma removal versus soft channel drainage in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) and their effects on neurological function and quality of life. Methods:The clinical data of 97 patients with CSDH who received treatment between February 2018 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into group A ( n = 48, soft channel drainage) and group B ( n = 49, neuroendoscopic hematoma removal) according to different surgical methods. Clinical indicators, neurological function, quality of life, and incidence of complications were compared between groups A and B. Results:Operative time, length of hospital stay, and latency to hematoma disappearance in group B were (31.3 ± 2.18) minutes, (8.16 ± 1.32) days, (7.45 ± 1.49) days, which were significantly shorter than those in group A [(35.15 ± 4.32) minutes, (13.18 ± 1.56) days, (11.32 ± 1.88) days, t = 5.53, 17.12, 11.25, all P < 0.001]. At 3 months after surgery, the score of each dimension of SF-36 in each group was increased. The scores of physiological functioning, bodily pain, mental health, general health perceptions, social role functioning, vitality, role limitations due to emotional health, role limitations due to physical health in group B were (84.94 ± 7.25) points, (84.02 ± 6.29) points, (82.85 ± 8.16) points, (84.36 ± 9.15) points, (83.51 ± 10.39) points, (82.68 ± 8.36) points, (84.93 ± 10.15) points, (86.12 ± 9.13) points, which were significantly higher than those in group A [(62.68 ± 5.47) points, (71.39 ± 7.42) points, (69.51 ± 6.39) points, (72.68 ± 7.36) points, (72.81 ± 8.15) points, (73.12 ± 10.13) points, (77.91 ± 9.52) points, (75.32 ± 7.51) points, t = 19.82, 18.34, 19.75, 16.71, 17.94, 20.57, 18.22, 16.44, all P < 0.001]. At 7 days after surgery, neurotrophic factor, neuron specific enolase, hydrogen sulfide and S100B protein levels in group B were (42.53 ± 6.09) μg/L, (6.52 ± 2.79) μg/L, (203.17 ± 15.03) μmol/L, (0.25 ± 0.05) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in group A [(67.38 ± 7.42) μg/L, (9.18 ± 2.27) μg/L, (242.79 ± 14.08) μmol/L, (0.36 ± 0.07) μg/L, t = 17.94, 5.12, 13.33, 8.86, all P < 0.001]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between group B and group A [8.16% (4/49) vs. 18.75% (9/48), χ2 = 2.22, P = 0.136]. Conclusion:Compared with soft channel drainage, neuroendoscopic hematoma removal can better improve clinical indicators, neurological function, and quality of life in patients with CSDH, and is highly safe Neuroendoscopic hematoma removal is of certain clinical application value and innovation.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in breast-conserving surgery followed neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 30 cases of breast cancer patients admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from April 2015 to September 2018. The average age was 54.3 years and the range was 28 to 70 years. For breast invasive ductal cancer, patients underwent breast-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and then received radiofrequency ablation. The clinical and pathological characteristics, postoperative complications, recurrence and metastasis, and cosmetic effects were observed. Results: All 30 patients with breast-conserving surgery successfully completed radiofrequency ablation. The average outpatient follow-up was 22.5 months, ranging from 2 to 43 months, without local recurrence or metastasis; skin burns occurred in 2 cases (6.67%), and solid nodules formed in situ in 6 cases (20.00%); cosmetic satisfaction rate was 86.67% (26/30). Conclusions The radiofrequency ablation techniques applied in breast-conserving surgery have a high rate of technical success with relative low complication rates. And the radiofrequency ablation techniques may improve the cosmetic results after breast-conserving surgery and enhance local control.

Objective:To explore the application of radiofrequency ablation in breast conserving surgery with breast carcinoma.Methods:With retrospective research methods, a total of 230 patients who were treated with radiofrequency ablation after breast conserving surgery in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to September 2018 were selected, patients were all females, the median age was 56 yecers, ranged from 27 to 91 years, and the postoperative efficacy, patients′ satisfaction with their appearance and complications were outpatient follow-up.Results:Follow-up for 18 months showed that 2 (0.87%) patients had postoperative recurrence and metastasis, 217 (94.35%) patients were satisfied with the postoperative breast appearance, and 8 patients (3.48%) had skin burns and in- situ sclerosing. Conclusions:Radiofrequency ablation is used in breast conserving surgery, which is simple to operate and has a low incidence of complications. It can strengthen local tumor control and improve the cosmetic effect of breast after conserving surgery, worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective: To determine imaging features that may help predict the presence of placenta accreta, placenta increta or placenta percreta on prenatal MRI scanning in order to identify the most diagnostic findings. Methods: The prenatal MRI scan data of placenta accreta, placenta increta or placenta percreta (placenta implantation group, n=15) and normal placenta(placenta normal group, n=15) diagnosed and treated by surgical pathology from January 2010 to December 2017 in the People's Hospital of Huadu District were retrospectively analyzed.Two expert MRI doctors were blinded to the patients' true diagnosis and were asked to score a total of 10 MRI features of the placenta and adjacent structures.The interrater reliability was assessed using kappa statistics.The features with a moderate kappa statistic or better(kappa>0.40 ) were then compared with the true diagnosis for each observer. Results: Eight of the scored features had an interobserver reliability of kappa>0.40: placenta previa(κ=0.89); abnormal uterine bulging(κ=0.57); intraplacental hemorrhage(κ=0.45); the presence of dark intraplacental bands on T₂W imaging(κ=0.76); flow-empty blood vessels in placenta(κ=0.67); border on placenta and uterus blurring(κ=0.63); heterogeneity of signal intensity on T₂-weighted(T₂W) imaging(κ=0.53); and continuity of myometrium was interrupted(κ=0.64). Using Fisher's two-sided exact test, there were statistically significant differences between the proportion of patients with placental invasion and those without placental invasion for three of the features: abnormal uterine bulging(P=0.015, P=0.011); heterogeneity of T₂W imaging signal intensity(P=0.006, P=0.013); and presence of dark intraplacental bands on T₂W imaging(P=0.032, P=0.010). Conclusion MRI can be a useful adjunct to ultrasound in diagnosing placenta accreta prenatally.Three features that are seen on MRI in patients with placental invasion appear to be useful for diagnosis: uterine bulging; heterogeneous signal intensity within the placenta; and the presence of dark intraplacental bands on T₂W imaging.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for renal function deterioration in patients with lupus nephritis. Methods Clinical data of patients with lupus nephritis admitted to the Third and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from June 2013 to June 2015 were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed. Of them ,62 lupus nephritis patients with the rapid deterioration of renal function were selected as an observation group ,and 62 patients were selected randomly from 200 lupus nephritis patients with normal renal function and were considered as a control group.Risk factors for the rapid deterioration of renal function in patients with lupus nephritis were analyzed by univariate analysis. Furthermore ,multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for the rapid deterioration of renal function in patients with lupus nephritis. Results Univariate analysis revealed that infection , lupus activity , anemia , hypoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia were risk factors for the rapid deterioration of renal function in patients with lupus nephritis (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that infection ,lupus activity and hypoproteinemia were the independent risk factors for the rapid deterioration of renal function in patients with lupus nephritis(OR=3.109 ,3.669 and 2.691 ,P=0.003 ,0.004 and 0.033 , respectively ). Conclusions Infection ,lupus activity and hypoproteinemia are the independent risk factors for the rapid deterioration of renal function in patients with lupus nephritis. Early prevention and intervention can improve clinical outcome and quality of life in lupus nephritis patients.

Objective To explore the characteristics of immunological changes in tree shrews infected with orthoreovirus, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of virus in tree shrews. Methods 40 -50-day-old tree shrews were divided into three groups: MRV1/TS/2011 virus-infected and MRV3/TS/2013 virus-infected groups, and saline-treated control group. On the 1, 8, 14, 21, and 28 days after infection, blood samples were taken from the tail vein and used for RT-PCR, flow cytometry and ELISA detection, to assess the viral load, number of CD4/CD8/CD19 cells, and IFN-gamma expression. Results The MRV1/TS/2011 and MRV3/TS/2013 viral load in the plasma and the number of CD4 +and CD19 +cells reached a peak at the 14th day after infection. At the first day after MRV1/TS/2011 infection, the CD4 +cells had a significantly higher expression compared with the normal group. CD8 +cells and the IFN-gamma expression reached a peak at the 21st day after infection. The expression of CD4 +was even higher after MRV1/TS/2011 infection, and the expression of CD8 +cells was higher after MRV3/TS/2013 infection. Conclusions We would conclude that after MRV1/TS/2011 and MRV3/TS/2011 virus infection, accompanying the changes of viral load, it shows some regularity of the expression of CD4/CD8/CD19 and IFN-gamma in the tree shrews: at the early stage of MRV1/TS/2011 virus infection, humoral immunity is stimulated, and CD4 +cells play a major role. MRV3/TS/2013 virus may mainly affect the cellular immunity, while humoral immunity only plays a role at a high viral expression or the late stage of infection. CD4 +cells may be more sensitive to type 1 reovirus, and CD19 +cells may be more sensitive to type 3 reovirus.