Objective: To analyze the consumption frequency of major foods among Chinese children aged 6-17 years old, and to provide a basis for optimizing the dietary structure of children in China. Methods: Using data from the China Nutrition and Health System Survey and Application Program for Children 0-18 years old, 56 734 children aged 6-17 years old from North, Norththeast East, Central, South, Southwest and Northwest seven regions in China were selected for the study using stratified cluster random sampling from 2019 to 2021. A food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate the intake frequency of eight food groups in a month, including fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, livestock and poultry meats, aquatic products, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and cereals and potatoes. The foods were grouped according to whether they met the recommended intake criteria outlined in the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents 2022. The〖KG*2〗χ2 test was used to compare the differences in the proportion of childrens intake frequency of each food group meeting the standard in different regions and age groups. Results: The proportions of Chinese children aged 6-17 years who consumed fresh vegetables and cereals and potatoes ≥3 times/d were 12.1% and 67.2%, respectively. The proportions of children who consumed fresh fruits, livestock and poultry meats, eggs and dairy products ≥1 time/d were 50.8%, 58.8%, 36.0% and 54.3%, respectively. The proportion of legumes consumed ≥4 times/week was 37.4%, and the proportion of aquatic products consumed ≥2 times/week was 39.7%. Fresh vegetables (5.5%), fresh fruits (33.1%), and dairy products (36.4%) had the lowest frequency of meeting the recommended standards in South China, and aquatic products (27.4%) and eggs (21.1%) had the lowest frequency of meeting the recommended standards in Northwest (P<0.008 3). Conclusion The overall intake frequency of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, legumes, and dairy products are insufficient among Chinese children, with significant regional variations.

Objective : To investigate the effects of sinapine on lung tissue inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in asthmatic mice. Methods: Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into Control group, ovalbumin(OVA) group, Sinapine group, and Sinapine+OVA group. The asthmatic mice model were established by intraperitoneal injection of OVA combined with aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] suspension and OVA nasal stimulation. One hour before OVA nasal stimulation, the mice in Sinapine+OVA group and Sinapine group were intraperitoneally injected with sinapine solution, and the mice in OVA group and Control group were treated with the same dose of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. 24 hours after the last OVA stimulation, the inflammation of lung tissue of mice were observed by HE staining; the mucus secretion were evaluated by PAS staining; the mRNA expression levels of Interleukin-4(IL-4), Interleukin-5(IL-5), Interleukin-13(IL-13), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), Mucin 5ac(Muc5ac), and the mRNA of the key genes of Notch pathway such as Notch receptor 1(Notch1), Notch receptor 2(Notch2), Notch receptor 3(Notch3), and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1(Hes1) in lung tissues were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR); the expression levels of Notch1, Notch2, Notch3 and Hes1 proteins were determined by Western blot. Results : Compared with Control group, the inflammation score and PAS score of lung tissues of mice in OVA group increased(P<0.001); the mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, and Muc5ac of mice in OVA group were enhanced(P<0.05); the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch2, Notch3, and Hes1 of mice in OVA group significantly increased(P<0.001), while there was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1. Compared with OVA group, the inflammation score and PAS score of lung tissues of mice in Sinapine+OVA group decreased(P<0.001); the mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, and Muc5ac of mice in Sinapine+OVA group were reduced(P<0.05); the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch2, Notch3, and Hes1 of mice in Sinapine+OVA group were downregulated(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1. Conclusion Sinapine can alleviate the lung tissue inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in asthmatic mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Notch2/Notch3-Hes1 signal pathway.

Objective:To investigate the application value of fecal Syndecan-2 (SDC2) gene methylated SDC2 (m SDC2) detection in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among urban residents in Guangzhou City. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shitan Town, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City from July to December 2022. A community-based screening program for CRC was conducted among residents aged 40-74 years old. m SDC2 detection was employed in the participants, and those with positive results should be recommended to receive colonoscopy examination. The positive rate of m SDC2 detection, colonoscopy compliance rate, detection rate of intestinal lesions and clinicopathological characteristics were observed. The relationship between cycle threshold (CT) value of m SDC2 and intestinal lesions was explored. Further, the cost-effectiveness of screening was evaluated. Results:A total of 8 189 fecal samples were collected from 8 877 participants with the recovery rate of 92.25%. 8 048 qualified samples were enrolled in this study, consisted of 3 182 males (39.54%) and 4 866 females (60.46%), with the average age of 56 years old (40-74 years). The positive rate of m SDC2 detection was 7.99% (643/8 048), and the compliance rate of colonoscopy was 73.10% (470/643). 20 cases (4.25%) of colorectal cancer, 109 cases (23.19%) of advanced adenoma, 145 cases (30.85%) of non-advanced adenoma, 79 cases (16.81%) of polyps were detected. The detection rate of intestinal lesions was 75.11% and indicated significant differences in gender and age. 20 CRCs included 15 of stage 0-I, 4 of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ and 1 of unknown stage. The CT value of m SDC2 was negatively correlated with the proportion of advanced colorectal neoplasms ( χ2=16.063, P<0.001). The total cost of the screening was 4.339 5 million yuan, the screening benefit was 28.506 2 million yuan, and the benefit-cost ratio was 6.57. Conclusion:The CRC screening strategy of fecal m SDC2 detection combined with colonoscopy has high colonoscopy compliance and detection rate of intestinal lesions, which is conducive to the detection of early CRCs, and has good cost-effectiveness. This study suggests that this method may be applied to the general CRC screening in China and contribute to the prevention of CRC. The CT value of m SDC2 may have a certain suggestion on the malignant degree of intestinal tumors.

Objective:To discuss the effect of Aspergillus fumigatus(Af)on DNA damage and interleukin(IL)-33 expression in the human bronchial epithelial cells,and to clarify its related mechanism.Methods:Different concentrations(1,5,and 10 mg·L-1)of Af were used to stimulate the bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to select the appropriate stimulation concentration.When the BEAS-2B cells were treated with N-acetylcysteine(NAC)and Af,the cells were divided into control group,Af group,NAC group,and Af+NAC group.When the BEAS-2B cells were treated with DNA double-strand break repair inhibitor NU7441 and Af,the cells were divided into control group,Af group,NU7441 group,and Af+NU7441 group.The comet assay was used to detect the percentages of comet tail DNA of cells in various groups;immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression levels of DNA damage-related protein phosphorylated H2AX(yH2AX)in the cells in various groups;2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)fluorescence probe was used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the cells in various groups;real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of interleukih-33(IL-33),thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),and interleukih-25(IL-25)mRNA in the cells in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB(p-NF-κB),phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated(p-ATM),and γH2AX proteins in the cells in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the percentage of comet tail DNA and the expression level of γH2AX in the cells in 1 mg·L-1 Af group showed no significant difference(P＞0.05),while the percentage of comet tail DNA and the expression level of γH2AX in the cells in 5 mg·L-1 Af group were significantly increased(P＜0.01);compared with 5 mg·L-1 Af group,the percentage of comet tail DNA and the expression level of γH2AX in the cells in 10 mg·L-1 Af group were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with control group,the ROS levels in the bronchial epithelial cells in 1 mg·L-1 Af group was significantly increased(P＜0.05);compared with 1 mg·L-1 Af group,the ROS level in the cells in 5 mg·L-1 Af group was significantly increased(P＜0.01);compared with 5 mg·L-1 Af group,the ROS level in the cells in 10 mg·L-1 Af group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).After treatment of NAC,compared with Af group,the percentage of comet tail DNA(P＜0.01),the expression level of γH2AX(P＜0.05),and the ROS level(P＜0.01)in the cells in Af+NAC group were significantly decreased;after treatment of NU7441,compared with Af group,the percentage of comet tail DNA and the expression level of yH2AX in the cells in Af+NU7441 group were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The RT-qPCR results showed that after treatment of NAC,compared with control group,the expression level of IL-33 mRNA in the cells in Af group was significantly increased(P＜0.05);compared with Af group,the expression level of IL-33 mRNA in the cells in Af+NAC group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05);after treatment of NU7441,compared with Af group,the expression level of IL-33 mRNA in the cells in Af+NU7441 group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The Western blotting results showed that after treatment of NAC,compared with control group,the expression levels of p-NF-κB,p-ATM,and γH2AX proteins in the cells in Af group were significantly increased(P＜0.05);after treatment of NU7441,compared with Af group,the expression levels of p-NF-κB,p-ATM,and γH2AX proteins in the cells in Af+NAC group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);After treat ment of NU7441,compared with Af group,the expression levels of p-NF-κB,p-ATM,and γH2AX proteins in the cells in Af+NU7441 group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Af promotes the IL-33 expression in the human bronchial epithelial cells by causing DNA damage,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of ATM/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the application value of fecal Syndecan-2 (SDC2) gene methylated SDC2 (m SDC2) detection in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among urban residents in Guangzhou City. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shitan Town, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City from July to December 2022. A community-based screening program for CRC was conducted among residents aged 40-74 years old. m SDC2 detection was employed in the participants, and those with positive results should be recommended to receive colonoscopy examination. The positive rate of m SDC2 detection, colonoscopy compliance rate, detection rate of intestinal lesions and clinicopathological characteristics were observed. The relationship between cycle threshold (CT) value of m SDC2 and intestinal lesions was explored. Further, the cost-effectiveness of screening was evaluated. Results:A total of 8 189 fecal samples were collected from 8 877 participants with the recovery rate of 92.25%. 8 048 qualified samples were enrolled in this study, consisted of 3 182 males (39.54%) and 4 866 females (60.46%), with the average age of 56 years old (40-74 years). The positive rate of m SDC2 detection was 7.99% (643/8 048), and the compliance rate of colonoscopy was 73.10% (470/643). 20 cases (4.25%) of colorectal cancer, 109 cases (23.19%) of advanced adenoma, 145 cases (30.85%) of non-advanced adenoma, 79 cases (16.81%) of polyps were detected. The detection rate of intestinal lesions was 75.11% and indicated significant differences in gender and age. 20 CRCs included 15 of stage 0-I, 4 of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ and 1 of unknown stage. The CT value of m SDC2 was negatively correlated with the proportion of advanced colorectal neoplasms ( χ2=16.063, P<0.001). The total cost of the screening was 4.339 5 million yuan, the screening benefit was 28.506 2 million yuan, and the benefit-cost ratio was 6.57. Conclusion:The CRC screening strategy of fecal m SDC2 detection combined with colonoscopy has high colonoscopy compliance and detection rate of intestinal lesions, which is conducive to the detection of early CRCs, and has good cost-effectiveness. This study suggests that this method may be applied to the general CRC screening in China and contribute to the prevention of CRC. The CT value of m SDC2 may have a certain suggestion on the malignant degree of intestinal tumors.

Objective:To investigate the association of exposure to PM 2.5 and its constituents during pregnancy and fetal growth and to further identify critical windows of exposure for fetal growth. Methods:We included 4 089 mother-child pairs from the Jiangsu Birth Cohort Study between January 2016 and October 2019. Data of general characteristics, clinical information, daily average PM 2.5 exposure, and its constituents during pregnancy were collected. Fetal growth parameters, including head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL), were measured by ultrasound after 20 weeks of gestation, and then estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated. Generalized linear mixed models were adopted to examine the associations of prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and its constituents with fetal growth. Distributed lag nonlinear models were used to identify critical exposure windows for each outcome. Results:A 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy was associated with a decrease of 0.025 ( β=-0.025, 95% CI: -0.048- -0.001) in HC Z-score, 0.026 ( β=-0.026, 95% CI: -0.049- -0.003) in AC Z-score, and 0.028 ( β=-0.028, 95% CI:-0.052--0.004) in EFW Z-score, along with an increased risk of 8.5% ( RR=1.085, 95% CI: 1.010-1.165) and 13.5% ( RR=1.135, 95% CI: 1.016-1.268) for undergrowth of HC and EFW, respectively. Regarding PM 2.5 constituents, prenatal exposure to black carbon, organic matter, nitrate, sulfate (SO 42-) and ammonium consistently correlated with decreased HC Z-score. SO 42- exposure was also associated with decreased FL Z-scores. In addition, we found that gestational weeks 2-5 were critical windows for HC, weeks 4-13 and 19-40 for AC, weeks 4-13 and 23-37 for FL, and weeks 4-12 and 20-40 for EFW. Conclusions:Our findings demonstrated that exposure to PM 2.5 and its constituents during pregnancy could adversely affect fetal growth and the critical windows for different fetal growth parameters are not completely consistent.

Objective To compare the effect of preoperative CTA examination using group injection test and group injection tracking delay protocol on image quality in patients with transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)/transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR).Methods A total of 43 patients who underwent TAVI/TAVR preoperative one-stop CTA examination in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups,and preoperative CTA examination was performed using group injection tracking and group injection test.After the scanning was completed,the aortic root sinus(C1),the proximal left and right coronary arteries(C2,C3),the ascending aorta(A1),the abdominal aorta(A2),the left and right femoral arteries(A3,A4),and the CT value and SD value of the paraspinal muscles of the same layer were measured;the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the corresponding parts were calculated.The obtained data results were compared and analyzed from both subjective and objective aspects.Results There was no significant difference in image quality between the two groups in the aortic root sinus(C1),the proximal left and right coronary arteries(C2,C3),or the ascending aorta(A1)(P＞0.05).At the renal artery level,there was a significant difference in image quality between the abdominal aorta(A2)and the left and right femoral artery levels(A3,A4)(P＜0.05).Conclusion In the preoperative one-stop CTA examination of TAVI/TAVR patients,the CTA images below the renal artery level can obtain better image quality than the group injection tracking method.

Objective To investigate the differences in blood pressure phenotypes,renal pathological changes,and related pathogenic pathways in genetically diverse hypertensive mice obtained from 13 strains.Methods The genotypes of Cckbr+/+,Cckbr+/-and Cckbr-/-were obtained by hybridization of 13 strains of genetically diverse mice with Cckbr-/-mice.Blood pressure was measured with a noninvasive blood pressure analysis system(BP-2000).The expression of CCKBR protein in mouse kidney tissue was detected by Western Blot,and the pathological changes in mouse kidney tissue were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemistry(IHC).The pathogenic pathways related to essential hypertension were screened by RNA sequencing.Results In three specific mouse strains(A/J,LOT,and FIM),the systolic blood pressure(SBP)was significantly different between the Cckbr-/-and Cckbr+/+groups.HE staining and IHC showed that hypertension caused a certain degree of renal injury in the mice.Gene Ontology(GO)and pathway enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in metabolic processes and circadian rhythm regulation.Conclusions Genetically diverse mice can effectively simulate the genetic background of the population and provide a new resource for studying the pathogenic genes related to essential hypertension.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PSMA PET/CT)is an emerging imaging technique applied in the diagnosis and treatment of localized or locally advanced prostate cancer.It can effectively avoid unnecessary biopsies,and PSMA PET/CT-guided targeted biopsy could significantly improve the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa).The technology of PSMA PET-based multi-image fusion biopsy may be the emphasis in the research of prostate cancer diagnosis in future.Compared with traditional imaging techniques,PSMA PET/CT is advantageous in detecting lymph node metastasis.It can not only be used to predict the adverse pathological features,including Gleason score,positive surgical margin,and postoperative pathological upgrading,but also to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy,guide radiotherapy regimen,predict biochemical recurrence and detect recurrent lesions.Currently,more large-scale prospective studies are still needed to explore the application of PSMA PET/CT for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer.

Neuro-enhancement,by intervening on nerves for non-medical purposes,improves people's physical,mental,and cognitive functions.While benefiting people,it also raises ethical risks of privacy,fairness,autonomy,and identity recognition between themselves and"artificial life".Faced with these serious ethical risk challenges,it is urgent to propose countermeasures that respect and safeguard the basic rights of human beings,promote fair benefits with the principle of priority,standardize the information dissemination of neuro-enhancement,strengthen public education and training of ethical on neuro-enhancement technologies and advance responsible innovation,as well as carry out ethical education for neuroscience practitioners,with a view to promoting the healthy development of the field of neuroscience.