Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)is a malignant tumor originating from the squamous epithelium of the oro-pharyngeal mucosa,accounting for more than 90％of oropharyngeal malignancies.In recent years,human papillomavirus(HPV)infec-tion has become one of the primary etiological factors of oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma.The incidence of HPV-associated oropharyn-geal squamous carcinoma has been rising annually,with a noticeable trend toward younger populations,posing a significant threat to hu-man health.Due to the distinct biological behavior and clinical characteristics of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma com-pared to its non-HPV-related counterpart,the diagnostic and treatment strategies for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma have undergone substantial changes.Prevention and screening for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma are of critical importance.The diagnostic and treat-ment process involves multi-disciplinary collaboration,including oral and maxillofacial surgery,otolaryngology,head and neck surgery,oncology,radiology and pathology.Based on evidence from clinical practice,a comprehensive,integrated diagnostic and therapeutic ap-proach has been established,centered around the concept of"prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation",covering the entire patient lifecycle and providing a valuable reference for clinical practice.

Objective:To evaluate the potential value of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in assessing the condition of first-episode schizophrenia (SCH) in adolescents by analyzing the correlation between changes in rs-fMRI characteristics and cognitive function.Methods:A case-control study was conducted on 80 adolescents with first-episode SCH who received treatment at Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital from January to October 2024 (SCH group), and 80 healthy subjects who concurrently underwent physical examination (control group). All participants underwent rs-fMRI examinations and cognitive function assessments. The rs-fMRI characteristics and cognitive function scores were compared between SCH and control groups. Additionally, the correlation between rs-fMRI characteristics and cognitive function scores was analyzed.Results:The scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in the SCH group were (16.39 ± 1.72), (32.08 ± 4.57), and (15.48 ± 1.63), respectively. The scores were significantly lower than those in the control group [(28.76 ± 0.68), (51.63 ± 7.24), (28.16 ± 0.74), t = -34.93, -21.43, -32.52, all P<0.001]. The brain regions where the fMRI low-frequency amplitude was significantly increased in patients with SCH compared with healthy subjects included the bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nucleus, and right fusiform gyrus. In contrast, the regions that showed significant decreases included the left medial frontal gyrus and the left temporal lobe. The low-frequency amplitude values of rs-fMRI in the bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nucleus, and right fusiform gyrus were negatively correlated with MMSE, MCCB, and MoCA scores, whereas the low-frequency amplitude values in the left medial frontal gyrus and left temporal lobe were positively correlated with MMSE, MCCB, and MoCA scores (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Adolescents with first-episode SCH exhibit abnormalities in rs-fMRI characteristics across multiple brain regions, and these abnormalities are correlated with cognitive function deficits in the adolescents. This suggests that rs-fMRI examinations may provide a new approach for assessing the condition of first-episode SCH in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To understand the drug resistance genes,virulence genes and molecular epidemiological characteristics of extensively drug-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae(XDR-hvKP)strains causing hospital-associated infection.METHODS The clinical isolates of XDR-hvKP were collected from Tongling People's Hospital from Jul.2020 to Dec.2022.The strains were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight(MALDI-TOF)mass spectrometry,the common drug resistance genes and virulence genes were an-alyzed by Sanger sequencing,the capsular serotypes were determined by wzi gene sequencing;the drug resistance genes,virulence genes and ST subtypes were observed by means of whole-genome sequencing(WGS)technique.RESULTS Totally 18 strains of XDR-hvKP were collected,55.56％(10/18)of which were isolated from blood specimens,and 61.11％(11/18)were isolated from critical care medicine department.Sanger sequen-cing analysis showed that all of the strains carried blaKPC-2 drug resistance gene;rmpA2(100.00％)and rmpA,i-roN,iutA(94.44％,17/18)were the major virulence genes carried by the strains.WGS analysis indicated that all of the 18 XDR-hvKP isolates carried multiple drug resistance genes such as blaKPC-2 carbapenemase and the viru-lence genes like capsule(rmpA/rmpA2),aerobacterin(iucABCD-iutA),Salmonella(iroN)and yersinin(ybt).All of the ST subtypes were ST 11,and all of the capsular serotypes were KL 64.CONCLUSIONS The ST11-KL64 type XDR-hvKP strains carry blaKPC-2;rmpA,rmpA2,iroN and iutA are the major virulence genes.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of key population of the key departments and make joint efforts of multiple departments to contain the transmission of the strains.

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum levels of capsaicin receptor 1(TRPV1),matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 4(TIMP4)and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)for disease recurrence in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV).Methods A total of 326 BPPV patients were selected and used as the BPPV group,and 357 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected and used as the control group.According to the recurrence status of BPPV patients after 1 year of reduction treatment,patients were divided into the non recurrence group(264 cases)and the recurrence group(62 cases).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of TRPV1,TIMP4 and TGF-β1 in patients.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze influencing factors of recurrence in BPPV patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TRPV1,TIMP4,and TGF-1 levels for recurrence in BPPV patients.Results TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower in the BPPV group than those in the control group,while TGF-β1 was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The TGF-β1 score in the recurrence group were higher than those in the non recurrence group,while TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower than those in the non recurrence group(P＜0.05).Serum TRPV1 and TIMP4 levels were lower in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group,and TGF-1 levels were higher in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group(P＜0.05).The decreased serum levels of TRPV1 and TIMP4 were risk factors for recurrence in BPPV patients(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of TRPV1,TIMP4,TGF-β1 and their combined prediction of recurrence in BPPV patients were 0.795(95%CI:0.748-0.838),0.803(95%CI:0.756-0.845),0.810(95%CI:0.764-0.851)and 0.945(95%CI:0.914-0.967),respectively.The combined detection value of TRPV1,TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels were better than that of single detection in predicting the recurrence in BPPV patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of TRPV1,TIMP4 and TGF-β1 are independent factors affecting the recurrence of BPPV patients,and the combination of the three has a higher predictive value for the recurrence of BPPV patients.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant lesion originating from the oral mucosal squamous epithelium,account-ing for over 80％of oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Key etiological factors include tobacco,alcohol abuse,and betel quid chewing.In China,its incidence has shown an overall upward trend,posing a significant threat to public health.OSCC exhibits high local invasive-ness,making early diagnosis critical for improving prognosis.Its clinical management requires close multidisciplinary collaboration among oral and maxillofacial surgery,head and neck surgery,radiation oncology,medical oncology,reconstructive surgery,radiology,patholo-gy,and nutritional support teams.Given the increasing disease burden of OSCC and rapid development of multidisciplinary collaborative models,an expert panel has formulated this integrated management consensus based on evidence-based medicine and extensive deliber-ation.Centered on the'Prevention-Screening-Diagnosis-Treatment-Rehabilitation'framework,the consensus provides comprehensive guidance for the entire disease course of OSCC patients,aiming to standardize clinical practice.

Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) is a minimally invasive fusion technique developed over the past decade. It employs a retroperitoneal approach, accessing the target intervertebral disc through the natural anatomical corridor between the abdominal vascular sheath and the anterior margin of the psoas muscle, thereby avoiding interference with the intraspinal neural structures. Surgical exposure is the cornerstone of the OLIF technique. Imaging and anatomical studies indicate that the natural space between the anterior psoas and the abdominal vessels is relatively narrow, generally smaller than the diameter of OLIF working channel. A direct visualization technique for anterior-inferior psoas exposure by dissecting and retracting the anterior psoas border, can expand this gap by dissecting and retracting the anterior psoas border, making the operation of OLIF techniques in various complex anatomies safer. Currently, OLIF is widely used for various lumbar degenerative diseases, such as discogenic low back pain, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis, lumbar segmental instability, degenerative lumbar scoliosis, and revision surgery after posterior lumbar surgeries. In the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, OLIF achieves indirect decompression of the spinal canal through disc space distraction and stabilization, avoiding intraspinal neural manipulation and related complications. However, it is crucial to select appropriate cases where the disc space has potential for distraction or exhibits intervertebral instability. For degenerative lumbar scoliosis, the corrective principle of OLIF is to restore intervertebral balance and segmental lordosis, thereby reconstructing coronal and sagittal balance of the spine. However, OLIF is not suitable for correcting deformities in patients with rigid posterior lumbar scoliosis or those with type C coronal imbalance. The stand-alone OLIF technique best embodies the minimally invasive concept of OLIF technology, but it has a narrow range of indications and is only applicable to cases where the vertebral endplate strength is sufficiently high (with normal bone mineral density or endplate sclerosis). Supplemental posterior instrumentation is strongly recommended in cases of: reduced bone density (T-score<-1.0), intraoperative endplate injury, multi-level fusion (≥3 segments), isthmic spondylolisthesis, grade II degenerative spondylolisthesis or higher, dynamic instability confirmed by dynamic X-ray films, adjacent segment disease distal to prior fused segments, intraoperative trial implant loosening. There are various options for internal fixation in the OLIF technique; however, bilateral posterior pedicle screw fixation remains the current gold standard for rigid fixation. For some cases with normal bone mineral density and sufficient support strength of the cage, lateral fixation can be used instead of posterior internal fixation to prevent cage displacement. As a novel minimally invasive lumbar fusion technique, OLIF requires ongoing refinement of clinical experience. Through multi-center and large-scale case studies, the standardization and homogenization of its application should be explored.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of the influence of nitrate on the determination of calcium content in pitavastatin calcium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.Methods:By comparing the absorbance of calci-um standard test solutions using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid as solution media,and measuring the changes in calcium absorbance in calcium ion solutions prepared by adding different concentrations of nitric acid using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry,the relationship between calcium atomization efficiency and calcium ion con-centration,nitrate concentration,and their concentration ratios was explored.Results:Nitrate had a significant effect on reducing the absorbance value of the calcium standard test solution;The degree of interference varied with the concentration of the element calcium in the sample,and was related to the ratio of the concentration of the ele-ment calcium to the concentration of the interfering substance nitrate.Moreover,the interference of nitrate on calci-um affected the slope of the working curve.Conclusion:The interference mechanism of nitrate in the determination of calcium by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry is due to the decomposition of calcium nitrate formed by ni-trate and calcium into difficult to melt,evaporate,and effectively dissociate calcium oxide at high temperatures,which reduces the atomization efficiency of calcium atoms and results in low absorbance values in the measurement.It is not advisable to select calcium standard stock solutions containing nitric acid when determining calcium containing samples such as pitavastatin calcium,and it is also necessary to be vigilant against the interference of nitrate ions.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of the influence of nitrate on the determination of calcium content in pitavastatin calcium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.Methods:By comparing the absorbance of calci-um standard test solutions using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid as solution media,and measuring the changes in calcium absorbance in calcium ion solutions prepared by adding different concentrations of nitric acid using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry,the relationship between calcium atomization efficiency and calcium ion con-centration,nitrate concentration,and their concentration ratios was explored.Results:Nitrate had a significant effect on reducing the absorbance value of the calcium standard test solution;The degree of interference varied with the concentration of the element calcium in the sample,and was related to the ratio of the concentration of the ele-ment calcium to the concentration of the interfering substance nitrate.Moreover,the interference of nitrate on calci-um affected the slope of the working curve.Conclusion:The interference mechanism of nitrate in the determination of calcium by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry is due to the decomposition of calcium nitrate formed by ni-trate and calcium into difficult to melt,evaporate,and effectively dissociate calcium oxide at high temperatures,which reduces the atomization efficiency of calcium atoms and results in low absorbance values in the measurement.It is not advisable to select calcium standard stock solutions containing nitric acid when determining calcium containing samples such as pitavastatin calcium,and it is also necessary to be vigilant against the interference of nitrate ions.