OBJECTIVE: To review recent advances in the application of hair transplantation in wound healing and scar repair in special areas. METHODS: An extensive review of the literature on the application of hair transplantation in wound healing and scar repair in special areas was conducted, focusing on cellular functions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical applications. RESULTS: Hair transplantation has been shown to effectively promote wound healing and scar repair in special areas. The underlying mechanisms are complex, but current understanding emphasizes a strong association with hair follicle-associated stem cells (including epidermal stem cells, dermal papilla cells, dermal sheath cells, etc). CONCLUSION The application of hair transplantation in wound healing and scar repair in special areas remains in its early stages. Further investigation into its mechanisms of action is essential, and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish its efficacy.
Humans ; Wound Healing/physiology* ; Cicatrix/therapy* ; Hair/transplantation* ; Hair Follicle/transplantation*

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder that occurs after a direct or indirect violent injury to the spinal cord, often resulting in sensory and motor dysfunction below the injury level. Patients with SCI are often paralyzed in bed due to impaired nerve function and there has been no effective treatment for limb paralysis after SCI. As a cutting-edge technology with a multidisciplinary integration of neuroscience, computer science, biological engineering, electronic engineering and psychology, brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a new program for the rehabilitation of SCI patients by changing the traditional brain signal output pathways and realizing the direct connection between the brain and external devices. In order to further understand the application of BCI in SCI rehabilitation, the authors reviewed the classification, basic principles of BCI and the research progress of the application of BCI in SCI rehabilitation, which may provide references for the clinical transformation of BCI.

Microglia are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system(CNS),and play a dual role in maintaining brain homeostasis and mediating neuroprotection.Under normal conditions,microglia maintain brain homeostasis by monitoring environmental changes.When nerve damage or certain pathological stimuli occur,microglia are rapidly activated and initiate a series of complex immune responses to induce neuroinflammation.This proper activation of microglia can protect the brain by inhibiting or clearing various pathogens,but excessive neuroinflammation can lead to neuronal damage and even death.This imbalance of inflammatory response is one of the core features of pathological development of many CNS inflammatory diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,sepsis-associated encephalopathy,and ischemic strokes.In recent years,with the rapid development of frontier biotechnology such as single-cell sequencing,proteinomics and gene editing,important progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism by which microglia participate in CNS inflammatory diseases,especially in the activation of inflammatory corpuscles,epigenetic modifications,and metabolic reprogramming.However,due to the heterogeneity and duality of microglia under different pathological conditions,therapeutic methods targeting microglia have not yet been widely used in clinical practice.In summary,this article takes microglia as the starting point and introduces the molecular mechanisms of their involvement in the occurrence and development of CNS inflammatory diseases and its targeted regulatory treatment strategy,aiming to provide theoretical reference for the subsequent precise regulation of microglia function and the development of more targeted therapeutic drugs.

Microglia are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system(CNS),and play a dual role in maintaining brain homeostasis and mediating neuroprotection.Under normal conditions,microglia maintain brain homeostasis by monitoring environmental changes.When nerve damage or certain pathological stimuli occur,microglia are rapidly activated and initiate a series of complex immune responses to induce neuroinflammation.This proper activation of microglia can protect the brain by inhibiting or clearing various pathogens,but excessive neuroinflammation can lead to neuronal damage and even death.This imbalance of inflammatory response is one of the core features of pathological development of many CNS inflammatory diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,sepsis-associated encephalopathy,and ischemic strokes.In recent years,with the rapid development of frontier biotechnology such as single-cell sequencing,proteinomics and gene editing,important progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism by which microglia participate in CNS inflammatory diseases,especially in the activation of inflammatory corpuscles,epigenetic modifications,and metabolic reprogramming.However,due to the heterogeneity and duality of microglia under different pathological conditions,therapeutic methods targeting microglia have not yet been widely used in clinical practice.In summary,this article takes microglia as the starting point and introduces the molecular mechanisms of their involvement in the occurrence and development of CNS inflammatory diseases and its targeted regulatory treatment strategy,aiming to provide theoretical reference for the subsequent precise regulation of microglia function and the development of more targeted therapeutic drugs.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder that occurs after a direct or indirect violent injury to the spinal cord, often resulting in sensory and motor dysfunction below the injury level. Patients with SCI are often paralyzed in bed due to impaired nerve function and there has been no effective treatment for limb paralysis after SCI. As a cutting-edge technology with a multidisciplinary integration of neuroscience, computer science, biological engineering, electronic engineering and psychology, brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a new program for the rehabilitation of SCI patients by changing the traditional brain signal output pathways and realizing the direct connection between the brain and external devices. In order to further understand the application of BCI in SCI rehabilitation, the authors reviewed the classification, basic principles of BCI and the research progress of the application of BCI in SCI rehabilitation, which may provide references for the clinical transformation of BCI.

Objective:To investigate the effect of laboratory indicators on hair loss in patients with female pattern hair loss (FPHL).Methods:Patients with FPHL who visited the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Medical Aesthetics in Hangzhou First People’s Hospital from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected as the study group, and healthy women who matched the age of the study group in the physical examination center during the same period were selected as the control group. The general information of the patient was recorded, and was also tested by trichoscopy to rule out other patterns of alopecia. Representative indicators including testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEA-S), thyroid-stimulating hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and serum ferritin were selected from laboratory tests for further analysis. Otherwise, the proportion of deficiency in vitamin D(<20 ng/ml) was calculated based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (number of deficiency cases/total number of cases in each group×100%). Count data were presented as samples (percentages), and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Normally distributed continuous data were presented with Mean±SD, independent samples t-test was used for comparison between groups, M( Q1, Q3) was used for non-normally distributed continuous data, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of FPHL. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:A total of 37 patients were selected in both groups. The mean age was (28.8±1.3) years in the study group and (29.6±0.9) years in the control group ( t=0.49, P=0.625). The body mass index was (22.8±0.4) kg/m 2 in the study group, and (23.5±0.3) kg/m 2 in the control group ( t=1.26, P=0.211). The testosterone level was 0.58 (0.49, 0.79) nmol/L in the study group, and 0.54 (0.50, 0.78) nmol/L in the control group( Z=1.42, P=0.157). The level of DHEA-S was 6.21 (5.18, 9.60) μmol/L in the study group, and 6.20 (5.20, 9.34) μmol/L in the control group ( Z=2.75, P=0.006). The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone was 2.56 (1.55, 3.66) mU/L in the study group and 1.49 (1.05, 2.65) mU/L in the control group ( Z=2.51, P=0.012). The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 15.44 (11.80, 21.20) ng/ml in the study group, and the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 20.32 (12.07, 21.20) ng/ml in the control group ( Z=2.30, P=0.021), and the proportion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the study group was 64.9% (24/37), which was higher than that in the control group [40.5% (15/37)] ( χ2=4.39, P=0.036). The serum ferritin level was 64.44 (39.47, 133.45) μg/L in the study group and 67.75 (52.63, 143.83) μg/L in the control group ( Z=0.70, P=0.484). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of FPHL was increased by the high level of DHEA-S and thyroid-stimulating hormone, and the low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Abnormal level of DHEA-S, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be risk factors for FPHL.

Objective:To investigate the effect of laboratory indicators on hair loss in patients with female pattern hair loss (FPHL).Methods:Patients with FPHL who visited the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Medical Aesthetics in Hangzhou First People’s Hospital from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected as the study group, and healthy women who matched the age of the study group in the physical examination center during the same period were selected as the control group. The general information of the patient was recorded, and was also tested by trichoscopy to rule out other patterns of alopecia. Representative indicators including testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEA-S), thyroid-stimulating hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and serum ferritin were selected from laboratory tests for further analysis. Otherwise, the proportion of deficiency in vitamin D(<20 ng/ml) was calculated based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (number of deficiency cases/total number of cases in each group×100%). Count data were presented as samples (percentages), and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Normally distributed continuous data were presented with Mean±SD, independent samples t-test was used for comparison between groups, M( Q1, Q3) was used for non-normally distributed continuous data, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of FPHL. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:A total of 37 patients were selected in both groups. The mean age was (28.8±1.3) years in the study group and (29.6±0.9) years in the control group ( t=0.49, P=0.625). The body mass index was (22.8±0.4) kg/m 2 in the study group, and (23.5±0.3) kg/m 2 in the control group ( t=1.26, P=0.211). The testosterone level was 0.58 (0.49, 0.79) nmol/L in the study group, and 0.54 (0.50, 0.78) nmol/L in the control group( Z=1.42, P=0.157). The level of DHEA-S was 6.21 (5.18, 9.60) μmol/L in the study group, and 6.20 (5.20, 9.34) μmol/L in the control group ( Z=2.75, P=0.006). The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone was 2.56 (1.55, 3.66) mU/L in the study group and 1.49 (1.05, 2.65) mU/L in the control group ( Z=2.51, P=0.012). The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 15.44 (11.80, 21.20) ng/ml in the study group, and the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 20.32 (12.07, 21.20) ng/ml in the control group ( Z=2.30, P=0.021), and the proportion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the study group was 64.9% (24/37), which was higher than that in the control group [40.5% (15/37)] ( χ2=4.39, P=0.036). The serum ferritin level was 64.44 (39.47, 133.45) μg/L in the study group and 67.75 (52.63, 143.83) μg/L in the control group ( Z=0.70, P=0.484). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of FPHL was increased by the high level of DHEA-S and thyroid-stimulating hormone, and the low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Abnormal level of DHEA-S, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be risk factors for FPHL.

With the development of virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality technology, their application in medical education has become increasingly widespread. With the advantages of virtuality-reality combination, real-time interaction and exact registration, mixed reality technology is expected to improve the drawbacks of traditional medical education, and exerts great potential in virtual classroom, virtual laboratory, anatomy teaching, medical operation training, surgery simulation, and telemedicine education. This article mainly introduces the applications of mixed reality technology in medical education in recent years, and hopes to provide a reference for the integration of mixed reality technology into the field of education.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of splenic artery ligation on liver function recovery and hypersplenism in liver transplant patients with end-stage liver disease complicating portal hypertension and hypersplenism.Methods:From Jan 2016 to Jan 2019, the clinical data of patients undergoing liver transplantation at our hospital were analyzed retrospectively, among which 53 patients were enrolled in the study with end-stage liver disease complicated with portal hypertension and hypersplenism. Patients were divided into ligation group( n=23) and no ligation group( n=30). The serum liver function and white blood cells, platelets and postoperative complications were compared. Results:20 pairs of patients were successfully matched by PSM method. All patients were followed up for over 6 months.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in all the observation points within 2 weeks after operation; Within 6 months, there was no statistically significant difference in WBC, platelet and Hgb.Statistically significant differences in postoperative complications such as infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, and splenic artery stealing syndrome were also not found between these two groups.Conclusions:Splenic artery ligation during liver transplantation does not accelerate liver function recovery nor ameliorate hypersplenism.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of liver cancer.Partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation are potentially curative treatments in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.However,the postoperative tumor recurrence rate is high with poor long-term survival outcome.Studies have shown that the presence of microvascular invasion is an independent risk factor of post-resection prognosis.Therefore it draws attention that whether postoperative TACE can prevent the recurrence of liver cancer.This article reviews the research progress postoperative TACE effect on hepatocellular carcinoma patients with microvascular invasion,in order to provide the reference for selection of further treatment.