ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the methodological quality and measurement properties of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome efficacy evaluation scales， and to provide evidence-based references for selecting high-quality assessment tools in TCM clinical practice. MethodsChina National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP Database， Chinese Biomedical Literature Database （CBM）， PubMed， the Cochrane Library， Embase， and Web of Science were searched from inception to April 2， 2025， for studies evaluating the measurement properties of TCM syndrome efficacy evaluation scales. Data were extracted， and the methodological quality and measurement properties of the included scales were assessed according to the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments （COSMIN）. Recommendation levels were formulated based on the grading of evidence. ResultsA total of 46 studies were included， involving 22 generic syndrome efficacy evaluation scales and 24 disease-specific syndrome efficacy evaluation scales. None of the scales reported cross-cultural validity or measurement error. According to the recommendation grades， 2 scales met Grade A recommendations and are suggested for clinical use； 38 scales were classified as Grade B， indicating potential applicability but requiring further validation； and 6 scales were classified as Grade C， suggesting the need for further refinement. ConclusionExisting TCM syndrome efficacy evaluation scales exhibit substantial variability in methodological quality， incomplete reporting of measurement properties， and insufficient attention to scale revision. Future efforts should emphasize standardized design in the development of TCM syndrome scales， strengthen validation procedures for key measurement properties， and prioritize dynamic revision of scales， thereby providing high-quality tools to support the precise evaluation of syndrome efficacy.

OBJECTIVES: We present a new low-dose CT reconstruction method using sub-pixel and anisotropic diffusion. METHODS: The sub-pixel intensity values and their second-order differences were obtained using linear interpolation techniques, and the new gradient information was then embedded into an anisotropic diffusion process, which was introduced into a penalty-weighted least squares model to reduce the noise in low-dose CT projection data. The high-quality CT image was finally reconstructed using the classical filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm from the estimated data. RESULTS: In the Shepp-Logan phantom experiments, the structural similarity (SSIM) index of the CT image reconstructed by the proposed algorithm, as compared with FBP, PWLS-Gibbs and PWLS-TV algorithms, was increased by 28.13%, 5.49%, and 0.91%, the feature similarity (FSIM) index was increased by 21.08%, 1.78%, and 1.36%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was reduced by 69.59%, 18.96%, and 3.90%, respectively. In the digital XCAT phantom experiments, the SSIM index of the CT image reconstructed by the proposed algorithm, as compared with FBP, PWLS-Gibbs and PWLS-TV algorithms, was increased by 14.24%, 1.43% and 7.89%, the FSIM index was increased by 9.61%, 1.78% and 5.66%, and the RMSE was reduced by 26.88%, 9.41% and 18.39%, respectively. In clinical experiments, the SSIM index of the image reconstructed using the proposed algorithm was increased by 19.24%, 15.63% and 3.68%, the FSIM index was increased by 4.30%, 2.92% and 0.43%, and the RMSE was reduced by 44.60%, 36.84% and 15.22% in comparison with FBP, PWLS-Gibbs and PWLS-TV algorithms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method can effectively reduce the noises and artifacts while maintaining the structural details in low-dose CT images.
Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Algorithms ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Anisotropy ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Humans ; Radiation Dosage

Objective In this study,the potential profile characteristics of exercise self-efficacy of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)were explored,and the influencing factors of different types of patients were an-alyzed,so as to provide a reference for nurses to formulate standardized management measures.Methods From June 2023 to May 2024,a total of 342 hospitalized patients with IBD in tertiary A hospital in Wuxi were recruited as research subjects by a convenience sampling method.The General Information Questionnaire,Exercise Self-effica-cy Scale,Exercise Behavioral Stage Distribution Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale were used for investiga-tion.The latent profile analysis was conducted to classify exercise self-efficacy levels,while multiple Logistic regres-sion analysis was utilized to evaluate the influencing factors.Results A total of 320 valid questionnaires were col-lected,and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 93.57％.The total score of exercise self-efficacy for IBD pa-tients was(64.61±14.83)points.The exercise self-efficacy was classified into 3 latent categories:low efficacy-somatic emotion group(n=64,20.00％),medium efficacy-work conflict group(n=158,49.38％),and high efficacy-social interfer-ence group(n=98,30.62％).Occupation,recurrence times,comorbid chronic diseases,self-assessed economic pressure,and social support level were found to be influencing factors of the latent profile classification of exercise self-effi-cacy in IBD patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The levels of exercise self-efficacy of patients with IBD are significant-ly heterogeneous,and there are several important influencing factors.Nursing staff should formulate targeted inter-vention strategies based on the characteristics of exercise self-efficacy in such patients,so as to improve patients' exercise self-efficacy and the effectiveness of disease rehabilitation.

After ischemic stroke,intracranial cells experience stress due to ischemic and hypoxic injury,leading to a series of aseptic immune response processes.The oxidative stress process in microglias triggers the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,which promotes the release of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18,contributing to the inflammatory reaction caused by isch-emic stroke.In addition,NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the polarization,pyroptosis and autophagy of microglias,regulating the prognosis of ischemic stroke.This review summarizes the specific mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome in regulating microglial status and its involvement in ischemia-reperfusion injury.It also discusses the associated treatment strategies,identifies the current research focus and blanks,and provides some guidance and ideas for future research.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the serious health burdens in the world,and atherosclerosis is its impor-tant pathological basis.In recent years,the effect of environmental pollutants on human health has been paid more and more attention.Some new epidemiological studies and experiments have reported that environmental organic pollutants,involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis,is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases.Evidence shows that it is related to oxidative stress response,cell phenotype transformation,dyslipidemia,genetic changes and so on.This review summarizes available studies on the latest epidemiological studies and experiments of typical per-sistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances so as to provide refer-ences for future research.

Objective To study the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)on nutritional status and postoperative recovery in patients after gastric cancer surgery.Methods Sixty patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between January 1,2023,and December 30,2023,at the hospital in the department of gastroin-testinal and gland surgery were included in this study.Patients were randomly divided by drawing lots into ei-ther the observation group(received routine care plus CBT—based nursing program)or the control group(received routine care),with 30 patients in each group.Nutritional indicators and postoperative recovery out-comes were compared between the two groups.Results After the intervention,patients in the observation group showed significantly higher levels of albumin and hemoglobin compared to the control group(P＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in prealbumin levels between the two groups(P＞0.05).Furthermore,patients in the observation group scored higher on the Quality of Recovery-40 scale in terms of emotional state,physical comfort,psychological support,and overall score compared to the control group(P＜0.05).After the intervention,the observation group showed significantly lower HADS scores com-pared to the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion CBT demon-strates significant positive effects in improving nutritional status and postoperative recovery quality in gastric cancer patients.CBT improves patients'emotional state,thereby affecting appetite and nutritional status,and promotes postoperative physical function recovery.

Objective:To compare the anticoagulant efficacy and safety between argatroban and heparin in patients with liver failure complicated with hepatic encephalopathy undergoing artificial liver treatment.Methods:A total of 207 patients with liver failure complicated with hepatic encephalopathy who received artificial liver treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Wuxi No.5 People′s Hospital from January 2021 to October 2024 were enrolled, including 105 cases in the argatroban group and 102 cases in the heparin group. Changes in coagulation function, hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (PLT) count, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score before and after artificial liver treatment were compared between the two groups. The formation of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities, coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit and plasma separator, bleeding at the deep venous catheter site were compared between the two groups. The 28-day survival outcome of the patient were recorded. Two independent sample t-test, rank sum test, and chi-square test were used for statistical comparisons, and the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to analyze the survival rate of patients. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in activated partial thromboplastin (APTT), international normalized ratio (INR), Hb and PLT count before and after artificial liver treatment in the argatroban group ( Z=-1.74, -1.80, -1.26 and -0.52, respectively, all P>0.05), while the MELD score after treatment was lower than that before treatment and the difference was statistically significant ( t=6.49, P<0.001). After artificial liver treatment, the APTT in the argatroban group was 47.10(42.65, 51.90) s, which was shorter than that in the heparin group (56.05(50.02, 63.00) s). The INR, Hb, and PLT count in the argatroban group were 2.00(1.65, 2.54), 98.00(88.00, 112.00) g/L, and 92.00(75.50, 106.00)×10 9/L, respectively, which were all higher than those in the heparin group, which were 1.56(1.22, 1.93) g/L, 90.50(80.00, 104.75) g/L, and 74.00(64.75, 99.50)×10 9/L, respectively. The differences were all statistically significant ( Z=-7.16, -5.28, -3.05 and -3.32, respectively, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in MELD scores between the two groups ( P=0.250). The incidence of coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit and plasma separator and bleeding at the deep venous catheter site in the argatroban group was 5.71%(6/105) and 1.90%(2/105), respectively, which were both lower than those in the heparin group (14.71%(15/102) and 9.80%(10/102), respectively). The differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=4.59 and 5.91, respectively, both P<0.05). At the end of the 28-day follow-up, the mortality rates in the argatroban group and the heparin group were 22.9%(24/105) and 34.3%(35/102), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=3.33, P=0.068). There was no statistically significant difference in the 28-day survival rate between the argatroban group and the heparin group ( χ2=2.09, P>0.05). Conclusions:Argatroban has a relatively minor impact on PLT count and Hb when it is used in artificial liver treatment for patients with liver failure complicated with hepatic encephalopathy. The incidence of coagulation in extracorporeal circulation circuits and plasma separators is low, and the risk of bleeding at the deep venous catheters is low. Argatroban is highly safe, which provides a new anticoagulation option for patients with a high risk of bleeding.

Objective:To investigate the effects of backward walking observational training combined with Soundsory cognitive training based on PASS (P: planning; A: attention; S: simultaneous; S:successive) theory on cognitive function, balance function and self-efficacy in elderly patients with post-stroke mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Elderly patients with post-stroke MCI admitted to the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from December 2022 to November 2023 were selected as the study objects by convenience sampling method. The patients were divided into control group and observation group by random number table. The patients in the control group implemented routine care and rehabilitation training, while the observation group were implemented backward walking observational training combined with Soundsory cognitive training based on the PASS theory. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Brunel Balance, and the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) were used to evaluate the intervention effect before intervention, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of intervention, respectively.Results:A total of 116 elderly patients with post-stroke MCI were included, comprising 58 patients in the observation group (32 males and 26 females), aged (73.47 ± 7.10) years, and 58 patients in the control group (33 males and 25 females), aged (72.72 ± 8.37) years. Before intervention, there were no significant differences in the total scores of MoCA, SSEQ and Brunel Balance Scale between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). At 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the total score of MoCA in the observation group were (20.10 ± 2.73), (22.98 ± 2.98) points, which were higher than those of the control group (18.24 ± 2.84), (20.47 ± 3.29) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.61, 4.32, both P<0.05). The total score of SSEQ in the observation group were (49.97 ± 7.73), (54.98 ± 7.88) points, which were higher than those in the control group (46.50 ± 8.69), (51.59 ± 6.10) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.27, 2.60, both P<0.05). At 4 weeks of intervention, the Brunel Balance Scale score in the observation group was 11(9, 11) points, which was higher than 10(8, 11) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.00, P<0.05). Conclusions:Backward walking observational training combined with Soundsory cognitive training based on PASS theory can effectively improve cognitive and balance functions, and enhance self-efficacy in elderly patients with post-stroke MCI.

Objective:To systematically evaluate qualitative research on weight regain experiences in post-bariatric surgery patients and provide insights for targeted weight management interventions.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, and Wanfang data for qualitative studies on the experiences, perceptions, and feelings of post-bariatric surgery patients regarding weight regain. The search covered all available literature up to December 6, 2023. The 2016 Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for qualitative research was used for quality assessment. Data were synthesized using the aggregative integration method.Results:A total of nine studies were included, yielding 17 core themes, which were categorized into five subcategories and further synthesized into two overarching themes: patients' awareness of weight management improved, but knowledge gaps, misconceptions, and inappropriate behaviors persisted; negative experiences were prevalent in the weight management process.Conclusions:The awareness of weight management in post-bariatric surgery patients needs to be strengthened. Healthcare professionals should identify high-risk individuals for weight regain, provide informational and social support, and help patients correct misconceptions and unhealthy behaviors to effectively prevent and manage weight regain.

After ischemic stroke,intracranial cells experience stress due to ischemic and hypoxic injury,leading to a series of aseptic immune response processes.The oxidative stress process in microglias triggers the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,which promotes the release of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18,contributing to the inflammatory reaction caused by isch-emic stroke.In addition,NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the polarization,pyroptosis and autophagy of microglias,regulating the prognosis of ischemic stroke.This review summarizes the specific mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome in regulating microglial status and its involvement in ischemia-reperfusion injury.It also discusses the associated treatment strategies,identifies the current research focus and blanks,and provides some guidance and ideas for future research.