Objective To develop a blood glucose management knowledge questionnaire for perioperative patients with hyperglycemia and test its reliability and validity.Methods The initial questionnaire was formed through literature review,expert consultation,two rounds of Delphi letter consultation,and pre-survey.From August to September 2019,a total of 125 perioperative patients with hyperglycemia who were hospitalized in the surgical ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were selected as the survey objects by the convenient sampling method.The items of the questionnaire were screened and the reliability and validity were tested.Results A total of 125 questionnaires were distributed and 115 valid questionnaires were returned,with an effective recovery rate of 92.0%.The blood glucose management knowledge questionnaire for perioperative patients with hyperglycemia included five dimensions(17 items in total),including influencing factors and hazards of abnormal blood glucose,key points of preoperative and postoperative nursing observation,perioperative blood glucose control goals,perioperative blood glucose management points,and emergency treatment of perioperative critical conditions.The effective recovery rates for both rounds of inquiry are 100.00%,the expert authority coefficient was 0.880 and the average coefficient of variation was 0.086 and 0.065(P＜0.01).Exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of five common factors,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 79.895%.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.905,the test-retest reliability was 0.955,and the content validity index was 0.968.Conclusions The blood glucose management knowledge questionnaire for perioperative patients with hyperglycemia is scientific and practical,which can be used as an effective tool to evaluate the blood glucose management knowledge level during perioperative period.

Objective:To explore the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with transvaginal ultrasound features and quantitative parameters in evaluating high-risk endometrial cancer (EC).Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on 69 EC patients who received CEUS examination and were confirmed by surgery and pathology in Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University from December 2017 to September 2022. According to postoperative pathology, the patients were divided into low-risk group ( n=38) and high-risk group ( n=31). The differences in CEUS, transvaginal ultrasound features and quantitative parameters between the two groups were compared, relevant parameters that with predictive value for high-risk EC were screened, and these parameters were scored. Results:①There were differences in lesion size (thick diameter, long diameter), vascular morphology, and color blood flow score between high and low risk ECs (all P<0.05). ②There were differences in CEUS parameters [perfusion mode, enhancement intensity, area under curve(AUC)] between high and low risk EC groups (all P<0.05). ③The areas under the ROC curve for diagnosing high-risk EC were 0.79, 0.69, 0.69, and 0.62, respectively, based on the critical values of lesion thickness diameter ≥1.85 cm, lesion length diameter ≥2.05 cm, ultrasound contrast quantification parameter AUC ≥859 au, and enhancement intensity ≥29.4 dB. ④Using statistically significant parameters for scoring, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing high-risk EC with the score ≥5, were 70.97% and 89.47%, respectively. Conclusions:The combination of CEUS and transvaginal ultrasound is a feasible method for predicting high-risk EC. CEUS parameters (enhanced intensity, AUC, and " focal" perfusion mode) are related to high-risk EC. The combination of CEUS and transvaginal ultrasound helps to pre-evaluate the pathological prognostic factors of endometrial malignant lesions before surgery, providing a basis for clinical follow-up treatment.

Objective To analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy(LLLT)combined with elec-tromyogram-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation(ETNS)on upper limb function and quality of life in patients with subacute ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 52 patients with sub-acute ischemic stroke admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to October 2023 were recruited,and then randomly divided into control group(26 cases)and observation group(26 cases).Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Score-Upper Limb(FMA-UE),Trunk Injury Scale(TIS),Wolf Motor Function Test Scale(WMFT)-Time(TS)and Functional Ability(FS),Chinese version of Stroke Quality of Life Scale(SS-QOL)were used before treatment(day of enrollment)and after treat-ment(5 months after enrollment)to evaluate these patients.Results After treatment,the obser-vation group had obviously higher FMA-UE score,TIS score,WMFT-FS score and SS-QOL score than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and these scores were also notably higher than those in control group after treatment(P＜0.01).The WMFT-TS score in the observation group after treatment was statistically lower than that before treatment(P＜0.05),and also reduced than that of the control group after treatment(39.42±11.65 vs 46.12±11.89,P=0.045).Conclusion LLLT combined with ETNS shows good efficacy in improvement of upper limb function and quality of life in subacute ischemic stroke patients.

Objective To construct a morphological brain network in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)and predict it application for cognitive function.Methods A total of 64 eld-erly CSVD patients admitted in our hospital from January 2020 to February 2024 were retrospec-tively recruited.Cognitive function was assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).Their clinical data,and results of cognitive function and multi-modal MRI scanning were collected and analyzed.3D T1-weighted imaging based on Kullback-Leibler divergence similarity was used to construct individual morphological brain net-work,and the connectome-based predictive model was employed to construct a cognitive predic-tion model.Results The network,which is significantly and positively correlated with the MMSE and MoCA scores,was mainly located in the default mode network,and could effectively predict individual MMSE and MoCA scores(r=0.795,P=4.436×10-15;r=0.794,P=4.974×10-15,P＜0.01).The connections,which were significantly negatively correlated with MMSE or MoCA scores,were mainly located between the salience/ventral attention network and other networks,and could also effectively predict individual MMSE and MoCA scores(r=0.766,P=1.679× 10-13;r=0.850,P=6.915×10-19,P＜0.01).Combined positive correlation and negative correla-tion networks,the model showed further improved predictive performance(r=0.849,P=7.603 × 10-19;r=0.888,P=1.445 × 10-22,P＜0.01).Conclusion Individual morphological brain network can effectively predict cognitive function in elderly CSVD patients,and can be used as a convenient tool for early warning of cognitive impairment related to CSVD.

Objective:To explore the value of contrast enhancement T1 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence (CE-T1FLAIR) based on modulated flip angle technique in refocused imaging with extended echo train (MATRIX) in detecting metastases.Methods:One hundred and seventy-six patients with pathologically diagnosed malignant tumors and brain metastases accepted enhanced 3.0T MRI scan in Department of Medical Imaging, He'nan Provincial Cancer Hospital from October 2023 to February 2024 were enrolled. Lianying's intelligent brain metastasis AI-assisted detection system and sequences of MATRIX CE-T1FLAIR, 3D GRE_fsp CE-T1FLAIR and FSE CE-T1FLAIR were used to detect the brain metastasis lesions, respectively. Length of the lesions was measured according to Lianying's intelligent brain metastasis AI-assisted detection system, and all lesions were divided into 3 categories: <3 mm, 3-10 mm, and >10 mm. Differences in detection rate in brain metastases of different lengths and locations among the 3 sequences were compared.Results:Detection rates of MATRIX CE-T1FLAIR, 3D GRE_fsp CE-T1FLAIR, and FSE CE-T1FLAIR in brain metastases were 99.67%, 90.52%, and 71.02%, which were decreased successively, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Detection rates of MATRIX CE-T1FLAIR, 3D GRE_fsp CE-T1FLAIR and FSE CE-T1FLAIR in brain metastases with length<3 mm (99.24%, 79.95% and 46.45%) or length of 3-10 mm (100%, 98.19% and 87.53%) were decreased successively, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Detection rates of MATRIX CE-T1FLAIR (100%, 80.56% and 64.24%), 3D GRE_fsp CE-T1FLAIR (100%, 97.25% and 76.11%), and FSE CE-T1FLAIR (100%, 91.18% and 70.59%) in metastases at the superficial area of the brain convexity, gray-white matter junction area, and cerebellum were decreased successively, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Detection rates of FSE CE-T1FLAIR in brain metastases in the basal ganglia and brainstem (69.33% and 50%) were significantly lower than those of MATRIX CE-T1FLAIR and 3D GRE_fsp CE-T1FLAIR (97.33% and 92.86%; 88% and 78.57%, P<0.05). Conclusion:MATRIX CE-T1FLAIR sequence is better than 3D GRE_fsp CE-T1FLAIR and FSE CE-T1FLAIR sequences in detecting brain metastases, especially for metastases with length<10 mm and metastases located at the superficial area of the brain convexity, gray-white matter junction area and cerebellum.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic， progressive and irreversible interstitial lung disease. At present， there is no specific drug for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis， and many TCM monomers have potential therapeutic value for pulmonary fibrosis， among which flavonoids are the main representative. For example， total flavones of Astragalus memeranaceus and scutellarin can reduce inflammatory cell infiltration， lung injury and extracellular matrix （ECM） deposition by interfering with transforming growth factor-β1/drosophila MAD protein signaling pathway. Total flavonoids of Oxytropis falcata Bunge and salidroside can inhibit lung inflammation by mediating JAK/signal transduction and transcriptional activator signaling pathway， and prevent the epithelial interstitial transition （EMT） process. Quercetin and Ginkgo biloba leaf extract can reduce the apoptosis of macrophages by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and play an anti-pulmonary fibrosis role. Urushetin and proanthocyanidins can promote the morphological recovery of myofibroblasts and reduce ECM deposition through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target protein of rapamycin signaling pathway. Naringin and luteolin can inhibit scorch death of macrophage and inflammation response， and improve lung function and lung tissue injury through NOD-like receptor heat protein domain related protein 3 signaling pathway. The ethanol extract of Phyllanthus emblica and calycosin can improve the inflammatory injury and fibrosis of lung tissue by activating the signaling pathway of nuclear transcription factor erythro2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element. Isogliquiritin can inhibit the phenotypic transformation of epithelial cells and reverse EMT progression by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulating kinase signaling pathway. In the future， scholars should consider developing appropriate drug carriers to improve their bioavailability and further study drug targets and pathways， to provide evidence for the development of traditional Chinese medicine monomers of flavonoids into clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the structure of deoxyhypusine synthase(DHS)in Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Dys1)and unravel the molecular mechanism of hypusine lysine modification,providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of highly proliferative diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)replication.Meth-ods Using the E.coli BL21 expression system,an in vitro expression vector was constructed and used to express the protein of Dys1.Dys1 protein samples were purified using methods such as affinity chromatography and molecu-lar sieving to achieve protein purification and isolation.The crystals of Dys1 were obtained using the crystallized so-lution containing 6％Polyethylene Glycol(PEG)8000,0.1 mol/L N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-ethane-sulphoni-cacid(Hepes)pH 6.5,and 8％ethylene glycol.The crystal structure of Dys1 was resolved at a resolution of 2.8 ? using X-ray crystallography.The structural analysis was performed with CCP4i and Coot software.Results The overall structure of Dys1 was a tetramer,each monomer containing a catalytic site and a cofactor NAD+binding site.The core region of the monomer adopted a Rossmann fold.The amino acid residues involved in the substrate binding sites were highly conserved among eukaryotes.Conclusion The crystal structure of Dys1 is being resolved for the first time.It reveals the binding mode of the cofactor NAD+to the enzyme and confirms that the enzyme functions as a tetramer,with the N-terminus serving as an essential modulator for its catalytic activity.

ObjectiveIn order to find a fast odor-based method for the identification of sulfur fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma， an ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose technology was used to identify the odors of different degrees of sulfur fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces. MethodHeracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose was employed to collect gas chromatograms of unsulfured and sulfured with different degrees of Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces， gas chromatograms were performed under programmed temperature （initial temperature of 40 ℃， 0.2 ℃·s^-1 to 60 ℃， and then 4 ℃·s^-1 to 250 ℃）， the sample volume was 5 mL， the incubation temperature was 65 ℃ and incubation time was 35 min. Kovats retention index and the AroChemBase database were used for qualitative analysis， and stoichiometric analysis was performed on this basis. Principal component analysis （PCA）， discriminant factor analysis （DFA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） models were established to identify the Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different degrees of sulfur fumigation. ResultAccording to the comparative analysis of AroChemBase database， there were significant differences in the odor characteristics of sulfur fumigated and non-sulfur fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma， cyclopentane， acetone and heptane might be the odor components to distinguish the degree of sulfur fumigation in Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces. The identification index of PCA model was 81， the accumulative discriminant index of the discriminating factors was 92.09% in DFA model， the supervisory model interpretation rate of PLS-DA model was 0.963 and the predictive ability parameter was 0.956， indicating that PCA， DFA and PLS-DA models could well distinguish Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different sulfur fumigation degrees. ConclusionHeracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose can be used as a rapid method to identify and distinguish Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different levels of sulfur fumigation. Meanwhile， it can provide a rapid， simple and green method and technology for identification of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces by sulfur fumigation.

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of Guiqi tongmai mixture and evaluate its quality in combination with chemical pattern recognition . METHODS Using narirutin as reference peak ，HPLC fingerprint of Guiqi tongmai mixture was established with Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （2012 edition）. Common peaks identification and similarity evaluation were conducted . Hierarchical cluster analysis （HCA），principle component analysis （PCA）and orthogonal partial least square -discriminate analysis （OPLS-DA）were performed ，and the value of variable importance in the projection （VIP） greater than 1 was taken as the standard to screen the differential markers affecting the quality of Guiqi tongmai mixture . RESULTS Nineteen common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of thirteen batches of Guiqi tongmai mixture were calibrated ，and the similarities of them were 0.928-0.990；eight common peaks were identified ，including the peak 7（hydroxysafflor yellow A ），peak 8（albiflorin），peak 9（paeoniflorin），peak 10（calycosin-7-O-glucoside），peak 12（liquiritin），peak 14（ammonium glycyrrhizinate ）， peak 16（narirutin）and peak 19（hesperidin）. According to the results of HCA ，thirteen batches of samples could be clustered into three categories ：S5，S9 and S 11-S13 were clustered into one category ；S4 and S 8 were clustered into one category ；S1-S3，S6- S7 and S 10 were clustered into one category . The results of PCA indicated that the accumulative variance contribution rate of the principle components 1-7 was 92.115%. The results of OPLS -DA showed that VIP values of narirutin ，paeoniflorin，liquiritin， ammonium glycyrrhizinate ，the components corresponding to peak 11 and peak 1 were greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS HPLC fingerprint of Guiqi tongmai mixture is established ，and it could be used for quality evaluation of Guiqi tongmai mixture by combining with chemical pattern recognition techniques . Six components such as narirutin are differential markers affecti ng the quality of Guiqi tongmai mixture .

Macrolide antibiotics are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics with the macrolide as core nucleus. Recently, antibiotic pollution has become an important environmental problem due to the irregular production and abuse of macrolide antibiotics. Microbial degradation is one of the most effective methods to deal with antibiotic pollution. This review summarizes the current status of environmental pollution caused by macrolide antibiotics, the degradation strains, the degradation enzymes, the degradation pathways and the microbial processes for degrading macrolide antibiotics. Moreover, the critical challenges on the biodegradation of macrolide antibiotics were also discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Macrolides