Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding developed a strategy for platelet and plasma infusion management in critically ill children based on systematic reviews and consensus meetings of international multidisciplinary experts. One good practice statement and six expert consensus statements were proposed for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill children following severe trauma, traumatic brain injury, and/or intracranial hemorrhage. This article introduces the specific methods and basis for the formation of recommendations in this part of the guide.

Objective:To analyze the main chemical components of Lanqin Granules based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS; To explore the potential targets, core components and related pathways of Lanqin Granules in the treatment of respiratory tract infection through network pharmacology.Methods:Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS secondary fragment cleavage information, combined with literature and database, the chemical components of Lanqin Granules were analyzed; the related action targets of Lanqin Granules were obtained by PharmMapper; The related targets of respiratory tract infection were obtained from GeneCards and OMIM databases, and the common targets were selected by intersection with the relevant action targets of Lanqin Granules. The common targets were imported into string database, and the protein interaction data were downloaded and input into Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to obtain hub gene; Go function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out on DAVID platform, and chemical components closely related to hub gene were obtained by using the Network Anlyzer plug-in.Results:53 chemical constituents of Lanqin Granules were obtained, including 11 alkaloids, 20 flavonoids, 5 terpenoids, 7 organic esters, 2 amino acids and 8 other compounds. 28 hub genes and 38 related core components were obtained. The results of GO analysis showed that the treatment of respiratory tract infection with Lanqin Granules was related to neutrophil degranulation, negative regulation of apoptosis, protein hydrolysis and other biological processes; extracellular exosomes, cytoplasm, extracellular components and other cellular components; the same protein binding, RNA polymerase Ⅱtranscription factor activity, ligand activated sequence specific DNA binding, protein serine/ threonine/ tyrosine kinase activity and other molecular processes. KEGG analysis results mainly involved cancer pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, metabolic pathway and other signaling pathways.Conclusion:Lanqin Granules can treat respiratory tract infection through multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel, and play the role of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-virus.

Ocular trauma is a leading cause of permanent visual impairment and loss of working a-bility.Among them,orbital foreign body injuries are often accompanied by multiple injuries to the eye-ball and surrounding tissues,adversely affecting the quality of life.This paper reported a 33-year-old male patient with right orbital foreign body resulting in eyeball contusion,extraocular muscle injury,and restricted ocular movement.After surgical removal of the foreign body combined with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment,the patient's visual acuity improved from 0.4 to 0.8,and ocular motility function significantly improved.This suggests that comprehensive treatment contributes to promoting functional recovery and enhancing clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression levels of serum calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP),macrophage clearance receptor 1(Msr1)and pulmonary function and blood gas inde-xes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods A to-tal of 114 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)who visited the hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as study subjects,including 47 patients with AECOPD as AECOPD group and 67 patients with stable condition as COPD stable group.The gender,body mass index(BMI),age,smoking history,white blood cell count(WBC),pulmonary function index[ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC),and percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first sec-ond to predicted value(FEV1％pred)],blood gas indexes[arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2)]and other basic data of patients were collected,114 healthy volun-teers who were examined in the hospital at the same time were selected as the control group.The levels of ser-um CGRP and Msr1 were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA).The correlation be-tween the expression levels of CGRP and Msr1 in serum of patients with AECOPD and lung function and blood gas indexes was analyzed.The diagnostic value of CGRP and Msr1 expression levels in AECOPD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to ana-lyze the influencing factors of AECOPD.Results The proportion of smoking history,WBC and PaCO2 levels in AECOPD group were higher than those in stable COPD group and control group,PaO2,FEV1/FVC and FEV1％pred levels were lower in stable COPD group and control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The levels of serum CGRP and Msr1 in the control group,stable COPD group and AE-COPD group increased in turn,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Serum CGRP and Msr1 expression levels in AECOPD patients were positively correlated with smoking history,WBC and PaCO2(P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with PaO2,FEV1/FVC,FEV1％pred(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the combination of CGRP and Msr1 in the diagnosis of AECOPD was 0.927(95％CI:0.863-0.967),which was greatly higher than that of single detection of CGRP and Msr1(Z combination vs.cGRP=2.417,P=0.016;Z combination vs.Msr1=2.3 84,P=0.017).Smoking history,CGRP and Msr1 were risk factors for AECOPD in COPD patients(P＜0.05),FEV1/FVC and FEV1％pred were protective factors(P＜0.05).Conclusion CGRP and Msr1 are highly expressed in the serum of patients with AECOPD.Both of them are closely related to the lung function and blood gas indexes of patients,and have certain value in clinical diagno-sis of AECOPD.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Fat Mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO) polymorphisms and the susceptibility of non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a Han population from Qingdao region of China. Methods A total of 119 NAFLD patients were recruited from Qingdao Municipal Hospital and Chengyang District People's Hospital and 187 control individuals who received annual physical examination were also included. Their clinicopathological information and study questionnaire were collected. Their fasting venous blood was extracted for biochemical analyses and FTO polymorphism genotyping using the polymerase chain reaction combined with DNA sequencing. The data were statistically assessed. Results The data showed statistically significant differences in age, BMI, ALT, GGT, TG and Bil between NAFLD patients and normal controls (all P < 0.05). FTO polymorphism genotyping data showed three genotypes of FTO rs1421085 (TT, CT, and CC), rs8050136 (TT, CT, and CC) and rs9939609 (TT, AT, AA). However, there was no statistical difference in both allele frequency and genotype of FTO rs1421085, rs9939609, and rs8050136 between NAFLD and controls (all P > 0.05) and there was also no statistical difference in clinical parameters among these genotype carriers (all P > 0.05). Conclusion NAFLD patients showed significantly statistical differences in age, BMI, ALT, GGT, TG, and BIL vs. those of normal controls. However, this study did not find any association of FTO rs1421085, rs9939609, and rs8050136 polymorphisms with NAFLD susceptibility in this Qingdao region of Han Chinese population.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of molecular subtypes in patients with resected invasive breast cancer.Methods:Between 2015 and 2018 7 869 patients with invasive breast cancer after undergoing surgery were included in this analysis. Breast cancer was classified into four subtypes according to the status of hormone receptor (HR) and HER2: HR+/HER2-, HR+/HER2+, HR-/HER2+, and HR-/HER2-. Kaplan-Meier curves and COX regression were used to compare disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) among different subtypes.Results:The 5-year DFS and OS were 86.30% and 94.29%, respectively. Proportions of HR+/HER2-、HR+/HER2+、HR-/HER2+ and HR-/HER2- were 52.9%、17.5%、14.1%和15.5%, respectively. The 5-year DFS of HR+/HER2- subtype (88.12%) was higher than HR+/HER2+ (84.67%, P=0.026), HR-/HER2+ (84.19%, P<0.001) and HR-/HER2- (83.70%, P<0.001). The 5-year OS of HR+/HER2- (95.38%) was not different from HR+/HER2+ (95.17%, P=0.187), while it was higher than that of HR-/HER2+ (92.26%, P<0.001) and HR-/HER2- (91.69%, P<0.001). Subtype was still a significant factor regarding DFS and OS in multivariable analyses adjusting for age, sex, stage, Ki67, types and time of surgery. The DFS ( P=0.257) and OS ( P=0.511) was not different between HR-/HER2+与HR+/HER2- subtypes, while HR-/HER2+ and HR-/HER2- patients had worse DFS ( P<0.05) and OS ( P<0.05) than that with HR+/HER2-. Conclusions:Molecular subtype is a significant independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS in operable invasive breast cancer. HR+ subtypes have better prognosis compared with HR- subtypes. The DFS and OS were not different between HR+/HER2- and HR+/HER2+, or between HR-/HER2+ and HR-/HER2-.

Objective:To explore the effect of swallowing fluids of different viscosities in different head positions on the surface electromyography (sEMG) of the suprahyoid muscles.Methods:Twenty healthy adults were asked to swallow 5ml of liquids with 5 different viscosities in 3 different head positions. sEMG signals were recorded from their suprahyoid muscles in real time. The interactions between viscosity, head position and suprahyoid muscle activation were determined using simple effect analysis.Results:Significant head position and viscosity effects were observed. In the head-turning-right or the right head-flexion position, the net amplitude values of the left suprahyoid muscles were significantly higher than those from the right side when swallowing fluid of the same viscosity. Meanwhile, the net amplitude values of the left suprahyoid muscles increased gradually and significantly from the neutral position to the head-turning-right and the right head-flexion positions. When swallowing fluid with a viscosity of 0 to 3, the net amplitude values of the right suprahyoid muscles in the right head-flexion position were significantly lower than in the neutral and right head-flexion positions. With a viscosity of 4 the values of the former were significantly higher than the latter. The net amplitude of the left superhyoid muscle group when swallowing zero-viscosity food in a head-turning-right position was significantly lower than that when swallowing food of viscosity 1 to 4. In the right head-flexion position, the net amplitude of the left superhyoid muscle group when swallowing zero-viscosity food was significantly lower than that when swallowing food of viscosity 2 to 4. When swallowing fluid of viscosity 1 it was also significantly lower than that when swallowing food of viscosity 3 to 4. In the same position, the net amplitude of the right suprhyoid muscle group when swallowing fluid of viscosity 4 was significantly higher than that with a viscosity of 0 to 1. At viscosity 3 it was significantly higher than with a viscosity of 1.Conclusion:Swallowing fluids of different viscosities in different head positions can affect the contraction of the suprahyoid muscles to different degrees.

Objectives: Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 epidemics. Methods: Based on SEIR dynamic model, considering the COVID-19 transmission mechanism, infection spectrum and prevention and control procedures, we developed SEIR^{+ CAQ} dynamic model to fit the frequencies of laboratory confirmed cases obtained from the government official websites. The data from January 20, 2020 to February 7, 2020 were used to fit the model, while the left data between February 8-12 were used to evaluate the quality of forecasting. Results: According to the cumulative number of confirmed cases between January 29 to February 7, the fitting bias of SEIR^{+ CAQ} model for overall China (except for cases of Hubei province), Hubei province (except for cases of Wuhan city) and Wuhan city was less than 5%. For the data of subsequent 5 days between February 8 to 12, which were not included in the model fitting, the prediction biases were less than 10%. Regardless of the cases diagnosed by clinical examines, the numbers of daily emerging cases of China (Hubei province not included), Hubei Province (Wuhan city not included) and Wuhan city reached the peak in the early February. Under the current strength of prevention and control, the total number of laboratory- confirmed cases in overall China will reach 80 417 till February 29, 2020, respectively. Conclusions The proposed SEIR^{+ CAQ} dynamic model fits and forecasts the trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia well and provides evidence for decision making.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the mechanisms of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1c (CPT1c) expression to affect the proliferation and apoptosis of human thyroid papillary cancer B-CPAP cells through the AMP-dependent/activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the low glucose and hypoxic conditions. Methods: Firstly,humanthyroidpapillarycarcinomaB-CPAP cells were cultured under normal condition or low glucose and hypoxic condition respectively, followed with the treatment of AMPK inhibitor compound C. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of AMPK, p-AMPK, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and CPT1c; the proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and Flow cytometry, respectively. Then PPARα-siRNA was synthesized and transfected into B-CPAP cells to knock down PPARα, and then the cells were cultured under normal or low glucose and hypoxic condition respectively.Above indicators were also detected to verify the regulation of PPARα on CPT1c. Finally, the human luciferase reporter plasmid containing CPT1c gene promoter was constructed, and the effect of PPARα on the activity of CPT1c promoter luciferase activity was observed by immunofluorescence. Results: The expressions ofAMPK, p-AMPK, PPARα and CPT1c were significantly increased in B-CPAP cells under low glucose and hypoxia condition (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while cell proliferation and apoptosis rate did not change significantly (P>0.05). After the treatment of AMPK inhibitor compound C, the expressions of p-AMPK, PPARα and CPT1c in low glucose and hypoxia group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the inhibitory rate on cell proliferation and apoptosis rate were significantly increased (P<0.05). However, the change range was smaller than that in the normal culture + compound C group (P<0.05).After PPARα knockdown, the expressions ofAMPK, p-AMPK, PPARα and CPT1c in cancer cells cultured under normal conditions were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the inhibitory rate on cell proliferation and apoptosis rate were significantly increased (P<0.05). While under low glucose and hypoxia condition, the expression of CPT1c in cells after transfection was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the inhibition rate on cell proliferation and the apoptosis rate were significantly increased (P<0.05); However, the change range was still lower than that of normal condition group after transfection (P<0.05).After PPARα overexpression, the ratio of fluorescence in the empty vector group was not significantly different from that of the blank group (P>0.05), and the ratio of fluorescence was significantly increased in PPARα over-expression group (P<0.05). Conclusions: AMPK can increase the expression of PPARα to promote the expression of CPT1c in thyroid cancer B-CPAP cells under low glucose and hypoxia conditions, thereby inhibiting cell apoptosis and maintaining cell proliferation ability.

It is intractable to Complex biliary stricture therapy after liver transplantation and other biliary operations is intractable.The routine therapies are to place stents with ERCP or do choledochojejunostomy.The former,however,is of little effect for patients with complex biliary stricture or completed obstruction.And the latter is more difficult and is with high rate postoperative complications due to the previous operation history.The application of magnetic compression offers a new direction of minimally invasive therapy of complex biliary structure.This article summarizes the current situation of the therapy of complex biliary structure with magnetic compression and the existing obstacles.