Chronic heart failure （CHF） is a major global public health problem， and myocardial infarction is one of its main causes. The mouse model of heart failure induced by coronary artery ligation is widely used in the study of CHF， while the TCM syndrome attributes of this model have not yet been clarified. According to the theory of correspondence between prescriptions and syndromes， the method of syndrome identification by prescription efficacy is an important means of current syndrome research of animal models. This method deduces the syndrome characteristics of animal models through prescription efficacy. Taking the four basic syndrome elements of Qi， blood， Yin and Yang as the classification reference， this study used coronary artery ligation to construct a mouse model of CHF and treated the model with four representative TCM injections with the effects of replenishing Qi， warming Yang， nourishing Yin， and activating blood and enalapril. Echocardiography， tongue color parameters， histopathology， serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and cardiac troponin Ⅰ （cTnⅠ） levels， and systematically explored the TCM syndrome attributes of this model. The results showed that the coronary ligation model presented an obvious cardiac function decline， myocardial fibrosis， infarct size expansion， and purple dark tongue， which were consistent with the basic syndrome characteristics of blood stasis in CHF. Danhong injection had significant effects of improving the cardiac function， alleviating myocardial fibrosis， and reducing serum NT-proBNP and cTnⅠ levels. Huangqi Injection and Shenfu injection can improve the cardiac function and tongue color parameters， with limited effects. The effect of Shenmai injection group was not obvious. This study verifies that the established model conforms to blood stasis syndrome through the method of syndrome identification by prescription efficacy， which provides an experimental basis for the study of TCM syndrome mechanism of CHF.

ObjectiveTo examine the influences of Shenfu injection on the endogenous metabolic byproducts in the myocardium of the rat model exhibiting chronic heart failure， thus deciphering the therapeutic mechanism of the Qi-reinforcing and Yang-warming method. MethodsSD rats were randomly allocated into a control group and a modeling group. Chronic heart failure with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome in rats was modeled by multi-point subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol， and the rats were fed for 14 days after modeling. The successfully modeled rats were randomized into model， Shenfu injection （6.0 mL·kg^-1）， and trimetazidine （10 mg·kg^-1） groups and treated with corresponding agents for 15 days. The control group and the model group were injected with equal doses of normal saline， and the samples were collected after the intervention was completed. Cardiac color ultrasound was performed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe histopathological morphology， and the serum level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mitochondrial morphological and structural changes of cardiomyocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy， and the metabolic profiling was carried out by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quantitative exactive-mass spectrometry （UHPLC-QE-MS）. Differential metabolites were screened and identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） and other methods， and then the MetaboAnalyst database was used for further screening. The relevant biological pathways were obtained through pathway enrichment analysis. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was established to evaluate the diagnostic value of each potential biomarker for myocardial injury and the evaluation value for drug efficacy. ResultsThe results of color ultrasound showed that Shenfu Injection improved the cardiac function indexes of model rats （P<0.05）. The results of HE staining showed that Shenfu injection effectively alleviated the pathological phenomena such as myocardial tissue structure disorder and inflammatory cell infiltration in model rats. The results of ELISA showed that Shenfu injection effectively regulated the serum NT-proBNP level in the model rats. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） showed that Shenfu injection effectively restored the mitochondrial morphological structure. The results of metabolomics showed that the metabolic phenotypes of myocardial samples presented markedly differences between groups. Nine differential metabolites could be significantly reversed in the Shenfu injection group， involving three metabolic pathways： pyruvate metabolism， histidine metabolism， and citric acid cycle （TCA cycle）. The results of ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve （AUC） values of all metabolites were between 0.75 and 1.0， indicating that the differential metabolites had high diagnostic accuracy for myocardial injury， and the changes in their expression levels could be used as potential markers for efficacy evaluation. ConclusionShenfu injection significantly alleviated the damage of cardiac function， myocardium， and mitochondrial structure in the rat model of chronic heart failure with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome by ameliorating energy metabolism remodeling. Reinforcing Qi and warming Yang is a key method for treating chronic heart failure with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome.

ObjectiveTo construct an evaluation index system for public health emergency response capacity within the healthcare-associated infection prevention and control systems using the Delphi method, and to provide a basis for infection control management in municipal hospitals. MethodsBased on literature analyses and theoretical researches, a preliminary evaluation index system for response capacity was constructed. The Delphi method was employed to conduct two rounds of consultation with 17 experts. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to calculate the weights of the indicators. ResultsThe effective questionnaire return rates for both rounds of expert consultation were 100%. The expert authority coefficients for the first and second rounds were 0.97 and 0.95, respectively. Kendall’s W coefficients ranged from 0.31 to 0.58 in the first round and from 0.45 to 0.58 in the second round, with all differences being statistically significant (P<0.01). After two rounds of expert consultation, the municipal-level hospital infection prevention and control system emergency response capacity evaluation index system was finalized, comprising 5 first-level indicators, 18 second-level indicators and 59 third-level indicators. ConclusionThe constructed public health emergency response capacity evaluation index system for municipal-level hospital infection prevention and control systems demonstrates strong scientific rigor, reliability, and practicality, providing a theoretical foundation and valuable reference for enhancing the infection prevention and control capacity of municipal-level hospitals.

OBJECTIVE To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Xintong granules and the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker method(QAMS)to determine the contents of 7 components,so as to provide a scientific basis for their quality control.METHODS HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints for 10 batches of Xintong granules(No.S1-S10),and similarity evaluation,cluster analysis(CA)and partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)were performed.At the same time,the contents of seven components,including puerarin,daidzin,calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,stilbene glycoside,naringin,icariin and tanshinone ⅡA,were determined by QAMS method,and were compared with the results of external standard method.RESULTS A total of 18 common peaks were marked and 7 peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of Xintong granules,namely puerarin(peak 4),daidzin(peak 7),calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(peak 9),stilbene glycoside(peak 10),naringin(peak 12),icariin(peak 17),and tanshinone ⅡA(peak 18);the similarities among them were more than 0.990,and CA and PLS-DA results showed that S4-S5,S8-S10,S1-S3 and S6-S7 were clustered into three categories,respectively.Using naringin as the internal standard,the contents of puerarin,daidzin,calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,stilbene glycoside,icariin and tanshinone ⅡA were determined to be 7.868 1-10.181 2,1.709 2-2.374 1,0.285 2-0.326 3,1.024 1-1.523 9,0.140 2-0.290 4,and 0.077 1-0.219 4 mg/g,respectively,by the QAMS.These results showed no significant differences compared to those obtained by the external standard method.CONCLUSIONS Established HPLC fingerprint and QAMS method are convenient,stable and accurate,which can provide a basis for the quality evaluation of Xintong granules.

Objective To analyze the application value of 3D Slicer software in endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma resection.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 36 patients with pituitary adenomas treated with 3D Slicer-assisted endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery(3D Slicer group)in the Department of Neurosurgery,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from January 2024 to December 2024.Preoperatively,multimodal images were fused and reconstructed using 3D Slicer software to systematically evaluate bony anatomical structures such as sphenoid sinus ostia,intrasphenoidal septa,and sellar floor structures,design the size of pedicled nasoseptal flaps,and clarify the positional relationships between pituitary adenomas and surrounding vital structures including the internal carotid artery,pituitary gland,and optic chiasm,so as to provide real-time guidance for intraoperative procedures.Meanwhile,45 patients with pituitary adenomas treated with neuronavigation-assisted endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery from January 2023 to December 2023 were included as the control group(neuronavigation group).The surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the neuronavigation group,the 3D Slicer group demonstrated higher identification rates of the optic nerve groove and carotid artery impression(94.4％vs.77.8％),shorter operative time[(2.9±0.6)h vs.(3.5±0.9)h],less intraoperative bleeding[(159.7±70.5)mL vs.(237.8±96.0)mL],and a lower incidence of postoperative olfactory dysfunction(8.3％vs.26.7％),with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the identification rate of the sphenoid sinus ostium(100.0％vs.97.8％),gross total resection rate(75.0％vs.64.4％),and the incidence of other postoperative complications,including cerebrospinal fluid leakage(0.0％vs.6.7％),intracranial infection(2.8％vs.11.1％),transient diabetes insipidus(30.6％vs.22.2％),and hypopituitarism(38.9％vs.37.8％,P＞0.05).Conclusion 3D Slicer software helps improve the mastery of anatomical basics in endoscopic transsphenoidal approach among junior and primary physicians,enhancing the clinical efficacy and safety of pituitary adenoma resection,and thus is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To give references for future study,the current state of research and identify key areas of interest,and development trends in the field of Chinese Materia Medica interventions for PD were examined.Methods Literature on Chinese Materia Medica treatment of PD published between 2004 and 2024 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)databases.After screening,689 articles were included(412 in Chinese,277 in English).CiteSpace software was used for bibliometric and knowledge graph analysis,generating author collaboration networks,institutional collaboration networks,keyword clustering,timeline maps,and keyword burst analysis.Results Over the past two decades,the number of publications has continued to grow globally.Chinese-language studies focused primarily on clinical research,with core authors such as Yi Liu,Jiancheng He,and Jianfen Liang,and institutions like Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine making significant contributions.English-language literature emphasized mechanistic studies,with Kyung Hee University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as leading research teams.High-frequency keywords included"Parkinson's disease"(346 occurrences),"traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)"(60 occurrences),and"oxidative stress"(11 occurrences).Keyword clustering revealed research hotspots in TCM formulas(e.g.,Zhichan decoction),mechanisms(e.g.,oxidative stress),and integrated TCM-Western medicine therapies(e.g.,Madopar).Burst analysis indicated emerging frontiers in the gut-brain axis,iron metabolism,molecular docking,gut microbiota,and signaling pathways.Conclusions Although there is a lot of potential for treating PD in TCM,there are also a lot of challenges.In order to realize the transformation of TCM from a supportive to a mainstream treatment for PD,and to bring better efficacy to patients in the future,it is necessary to strengthen evidence-based research,deepen the research of mechanisms,promote the construction of standards,explore the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,and improve the evaluation system.

Objective To give references for future study,the current state of research and identify key areas of interest,and development trends in the field of Chinese Materia Medica interventions for PD were examined.Methods Literature on Chinese Materia Medica treatment of PD published between 2004 and 2024 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)databases.After screening,689 articles were included(412 in Chinese,277 in English).CiteSpace software was used for bibliometric and knowledge graph analysis,generating author collaboration networks,institutional collaboration networks,keyword clustering,timeline maps,and keyword burst analysis.Results Over the past two decades,the number of publications has continued to grow globally.Chinese-language studies focused primarily on clinical research,with core authors such as Yi Liu,Jiancheng He,and Jianfen Liang,and institutions like Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine making significant contributions.English-language literature emphasized mechanistic studies,with Kyung Hee University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as leading research teams.High-frequency keywords included"Parkinson's disease"(346 occurrences),"traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)"(60 occurrences),and"oxidative stress"(11 occurrences).Keyword clustering revealed research hotspots in TCM formulas(e.g.,Zhichan decoction),mechanisms(e.g.,oxidative stress),and integrated TCM-Western medicine therapies(e.g.,Madopar).Burst analysis indicated emerging frontiers in the gut-brain axis,iron metabolism,molecular docking,gut microbiota,and signaling pathways.Conclusions Although there is a lot of potential for treating PD in TCM,there are also a lot of challenges.In order to realize the transformation of TCM from a supportive to a mainstream treatment for PD,and to bring better efficacy to patients in the future,it is necessary to strengthen evidence-based research,deepen the research of mechanisms,promote the construction of standards,explore the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,and improve the evaluation system.

This article reviews the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)in research on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD),analyzes cortical activation abnormalities in ADHD patients during task and resting states,and explores the potential of fNIRS for ADHD diagnosis and treatment evaluation,providing new directions and theoretical foundations for future ADHD research and clinical applications.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis,and molecular genetic characteris-tics of central nervous system(CNS)high-grade neuroepithelial tumors with BCOR alterations.Methods Five cases of CNS high-grade neuroepithelial tumors harboring BCOR alterations were collected.Using immunohistochemistry and molecular detection to analyze its clinical and histological characteristics,and review relevant literatures.Results A-mong the 5 patients,3 cases with EP300 ∷ BCOR tumor(male-to-female ratio 2∶1).These tumors were located in supratentorial regions(right temporal lobe,right frontotemporal lobe,and right frontal lobe).The 2 patients with BCOR-ITD tumors were younger,both with tumors located in the left cerebellum.Imaging studies revealed well-defined large mass lesions in all cases.Histologically,all 5 cases tumor exhibited ependymoma-like or oligodendroglioma-like morphology,featuring uniformly oval or round cells.Focal areas showed increased cellular density,nuclear enlarge-ment,and readily identifiable mitotic figures indicative of anaplastic features.A rich capillary network was frequently observed in the stroma.Palisading necrosis,microcystic changes,and microcalcifications were present in 3 cases.Im-munohistochemically,all 5 cases consistently expressed vimentin and CD56,focal Olig-2 positivity,variable S-100 ex-pression,and were uniformly negative for GFAP.BCOR immunostaining was weakly positive in 1 case with an EP300∷ BCOR fusion and strongly positive in 2 cases with BCOR-ITD.NGS identified an EP300 ∷ BCOR fusion in 3 cases,and Sanger sequencing confirmed the ITD in exon 15 of BCOR gene in 2 cases.During a follow-up period of 8 to 77 months,one pediatric patient with a BCOR-ITD tumor died,while the remaining four patients were alive with no evi-dence of recurrence or metastasis.Conclusion BCOR-ITD and EP300 ∷ BCOR fusion tumors are similar in morphology and immunophenotype,and the incidence rate of BCOR fusion tumors may be underestimated.NGS sequencing based on DNA and RNA and DNA methylation spectrum analysis are helpful for accurate diagnosis of this type of tumor.

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the mechanism and targets of Shenfu Injection in regulating glycolysis to intervene in myocardial fibrosis in chronic heart failure based on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）/ 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2，6-bisphosphatase 3 （PFKFB3） signaling pathway. MethodsA rat model of chronic heart failure was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol （ISO）. After successful modeling， the rats were randomly divided into the Sham group， Model group， Shenfu injection （SFI， 6 mL·kg^-1） group， and inhibitor （3PO， 35 mg·kg^-1） group， according to a random number table， and they were treated for 15 days. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography， and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Fasting body weight and heart weight were measured， and the heart index （HI） was calculated. Pathological changes in myocardial tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining， and the fibrosis rate was calculated. Biochemical assays were used to determine serum levels of glucose （GLU）， lactic acid （LA）， and pyruvic acid （PA）. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of proteins related to the HIF-1α/PFKFB3 signaling pathway （HIF-1α and PFKFB3）， glycolysis-related proteins （HK1， HK2， PKM2， and LDHA）， and fibrosis-related proteins ［transforming growth factor （TGF）-β₁， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， and Collagen type Ⅰ α1 （ColⅠA1）］. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of HIF-1α and PFKFB3 in myocardial tissue. ResultsCompared with the Sham group， the Model group showed significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventricular shortening fraction （LVFS）， interventricular septal thickness （IVSd）， and interventricular septal strain （IVSs） （P<0.05）， while left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole （LVDd） and end-systole （LVIDs） were increased （P<0.05）. Serum NT-proBNP levels were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and body weight was decreased. Heart weight was increased， and the HIT index was increased （P<0.05）. Myocardial tissue exhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition， and the fibrosis rate was significantly increased （P<0.05）. Serum GLU was decreased （P<0.05）， while LA and PA levels were increased （P<0.05）. Protein expressions of HIF-1α， PFKFB3， HK1， HK2， PKM2， LDHA， TGF-β₁， α-SMA， and ColⅠA1， as well as the mRNA expression of HIF-1α and PFKFB3 were increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the Model group， both the SFI group and 3PO groups showed significant improvements in LVEF， LVFS， IVSd， and IVSs （P<0.05） and decreases in LVDd， LVIDs， and NT-proBNP levels （P<0.05）. Body weight was significantly increased. Heart weight was significantly decreased， and the HIT index was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Inflammatory cell infiltration， collagen fiber deposition， and the fibrosis rate were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Serum GLU levels were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while LA and PA levels were decreased （P<0.05）. Expressions of glycolysis-related proteins， fibrosis-related proteins， and HIF-1α/PFKFB3 pathway-related proteins and mRNAs were significantly suppressed （P<0.05）. ConclusionSFI improves cardiac function in chronic heart failure by downregulating the expression of HIF-1α/PFKFB3 signaling pathway-related proteins， regulating glycolysis， and inhibiting myocardial fibrosis.