Abstract: To study the protective effect of asiaticoside(AS) on Isoproterenol Hydrochloride(ISO)-induced myocardial injury in mice. Methods: Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control(CON) group, model group [ISO,ISO 10/(kg·d)], Low dose group [ISO+AS-L,ISO 10 mg/(kg·d)+AS 5 mg/(kg·d)], Medium dose group [ISO+AS-M, ISO 10 mg/(kg·d)+AS 10 mg/(kg·d)], High dose group [ISO+AS-H, ISO 10 mg/(kg·d)+AS 20 mg/(kg·d)]. Heart mass ratio was counted; changes were observed in electrocardiogram; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of interleukin(IL)-1β and cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) in serum; Masson staining was used to observe the fibrosis of mouse myocardial tissue; Western blot was used to detect the ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels(Bax/Bcl-2) and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and NLRP3 proteins in myocardial tissue; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels ofANP,BNP,β-MHC,TNF-α, IL-6, Type Ⅰ collagen(COLⅠ), and Type Ⅲ collagen(COLⅢ). Results: Compared with the CON group, the ISO group had an elevated heart-to-mass ratio(P<0.01), a lower heart rate(P<0.05), a prolonged QT interval(P<0.05), elevated expression of myocardial injury markers cTn-T,ANP,BNP, andβ-MHC(P<0.01); increased expression of IL-1β in the serum(P<0.01), increased expression ofTNF-αin the cardiac tissue and increasedIL-6expression(P<0.001), and NLRP3 protein expression was elevated(P<0.05); myocardium showed a large number of collagen fibers bluish staining(P<0.001),COLⅠ,COLⅢmRNA expression levels increased(P<0.001), and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio(P<0.001) and Caspase-3 expression were significantly elevated(P<0.05). Compared with ISO group, heart-to-mass ratio of mice in ISO+AS-L and ISO+AS-M groups decreased(P<0.05), heart rate increased, QT interval was shortened, cTn-T, ANP, BNP and β-MHC decreased(P<0.001), myocardial collagen fiber blue-staining decreased(P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels ofCOLⅠandCOLⅢdecreased(P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α decreased(P<0.01). NLRP3, Caspase-3 protein expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio decreased(P<0.05). The expression level ofIL-6in ISO+AS-M group decreased(P<0.01). The expression levels ofANP,BNP, andTNF-αmRNA expression were reduced in the ISO+AS-H group(P<0.001); the degree of myocardial fibrosis was improved(P<0.05), and the expression levels ofCOLⅠandCOLⅢmRNA were reduced(P<0.05). Conclusion AS has a protective effect against ISO-induced myocardial injury in mice by ameliorating cardiac fibrosis, inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuating myocardial tissue inflammatory response.

Dysregulated RNA splicing is a well-recognized characteristic of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its intricacies remain obscure, partly due to challenges in profiling full-length transcript variants at the single-cell level. Here, we employ high-depth long-read scRNA-seq to define the full-length transcriptome of colorectal epithelial cells in 12 CRC patients, revealing extensive isoform diversities and splicing alterations. Cancer cells exhibited increased transcript complexity, with widespread 3'-UTR shortening and reduced intron retention. Distinct splicing regulation patterns were observed between intrinsic-consensus molecular subtypes (iCMS), with iCMS3 displaying even higher splicing factor activities and more pronounced 3'-UTR shortening. Furthermore, we revealed substantial shifts in isoform usage that result in alterations of protein sequences from the same gene with distinct carcinogenic effects during tumorigenesis of CRC. Allele-specific expression analysis revealed dominant mutant allele expression in key oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Moreover, mutated PPIG was linked to widespread splicing dysregulation, and functional validation experiments confirmed its critical role in modulating RNA splicing and tumor-associated processes. Our findings highlight the transcriptomic plasticity in CRC and suggest novel candidate targets for splicing-based therapeutic strategies.
Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism* ; RNA Isoforms/metabolism* ; Single-Cell Analysis ; RNA Splicing ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism* ; Transcriptome

This article reviews the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)in research on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD),analyzes cortical activation abnormalities in ADHD patients during task and resting states,and explores the potential of fNIRS for ADHD diagnosis and treatment evaluation,providing new directions and theoretical foundations for future ADHD research and clinical applications.

Cervical chylous leakage is rare after central lymph node dissection for thyroid cancer, and the coexistence of chylothorax is even more uncommon. This article reports a case of a 39-year-old female patient who underwent total thyroidectomy and left central lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma complicated by follicular adenoma. On the second postoperative day, the patient developed white, milky drainage from the neck, suggesting chylous leakage, and experienced mild chest tightness, cough, and low-grade fever. Chest CT revealed bilateral pleural effusion, with the left side being more severe. On the third day, ultrasound-guided left-sided pleural puncture and drainage were performed and hydrothorax triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were measured, chylothorax were diagnosed as a result.After conservative treatment including a low-fat diet, fasting, nutritional support, neck pressure dressing and negative pressure suctionand closed chest drainage, the patient's condition improved rapidly. The patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day with full recovery. No recurrence has been observed during follow-up to date.

This article reviews the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)in research on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD),analyzes cortical activation abnormalities in ADHD patients during task and resting states,and explores the potential of fNIRS for ADHD diagnosis and treatment evaluation,providing new directions and theoretical foundations for future ADHD research and clinical applications.

Cervical chylous leakage is rare after central lymph node dissection for thyroid cancer, and the coexistence of chylothorax is even more uncommon. This article reports a case of a 39-year-old female patient who underwent total thyroidectomy and left central lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma complicated by follicular adenoma. On the second postoperative day, the patient developed white, milky drainage from the neck, suggesting chylous leakage, and experienced mild chest tightness, cough, and low-grade fever. Chest CT revealed bilateral pleural effusion, with the left side being more severe. On the third day, ultrasound-guided left-sided pleural puncture and drainage were performed and hydrothorax triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were measured, chylothorax were diagnosed as a result.After conservative treatment including a low-fat diet, fasting, nutritional support, neck pressure dressing and negative pressure suctionand closed chest drainage, the patient's condition improved rapidly. The patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day with full recovery. No recurrence has been observed during follow-up to date.

Cholelithiasis, a prevalent disease of the digestive system, is characterized by its intricate and diverse mechanisms, which are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and other factors. Recently, with the widespread application of molecular biology techniques, the role of the biliary tract microecological environment in the pathogenesis of gallstones has garnered increasing attention. This review includes the most recent and pertinent literature on the association between biliary tract microecology and gallstones, summarizing the latest research advancements in this field. Furthermore, it delves into the role of the biliary tract microecology in the formation of both cholesterol and pigment gallstones.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of first aid knowledge among middle-aged and elderly residents aged 50 and above in a community in Shanghai， in order to provide reference for improving the self-rescue and mutual aid capabilities of middle-aged and elderly residents. MethodsA multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a survey on 335 residents aged 50 and above in a community in Shanghai using a self-made survey questionnaire. The current situation and related factors of emergency knowledge level of residents aged 50 and above in the community were comprehensively analyzed. ResultsFirst aid knowledge level of 335 residents aged 50 and above was low， and the rate of high cognitive level was only 24.18%. Univariate analysis showed that male residents had a higher awareness rate than female residents （P=0.044）， while residents aged 70 and above and 60‒ had lower awareness rates than residents aged 50‒ （P<0.05）. Residents with chronic diseases had a higher awareness rate than those who did not （P=0.031）. Residents with family members suffering from chronic diseases had a higher awareness rate than those without （P<0.001）. Experience of first aid training affected residents’ awareness of first aid （P=0.003）. ConclusionThe level of first aid knowledge among middle-aged and elderly residents aged 50 and above in the community is low. Age， the presence of chronic diseases in family members， and emergency training are independent and relevant factors that affect the awareness of first aid knowledge among middle-aged and elderly residents. The government and relevant institutions should explore the establishment of a standardized emergency response training system， implement classification and grading for middle-aged and elderly groups with different characteristics， and provide targeted emergency training to strengthen their self-rescue and mutual aid capabilities and improve the success rate of pre-hospital emergency care.

【Objective】 To investigate the development of adaptability in children aged 2 - 6, and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for promoting the development of adaptability in young children. 【Methods】 Data were from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children in China, and 3 319 children aged 2 - 6 and their parents from 28 sites across 14 provinces were recruited in this study.The Development Scale for Children Aged 0 - 6 years (WS/T 580-2017) was used to measure the developmental quotient of children′s adaptive ability, and a survey questionnaire was used to collect relevant information about children and their parents. 【Results】 Among 3 319 children aged 2 - 6, the proportion of slightly low or low level of adaptability, moderate adaptability development, good and excellent adaptability development was 7.68%,66.25% and 26.06%, respectively.The proportion of children aged 5 - 6 with good and excellent adaptability was lower in 3-year-old and 4-year-old groups (χ²=59.29, P<0.05).Multiple stepwise linear regression showed that children′s gender (β=0.06), gestational age of birth (β=-0.05), only child (β=-0.04), left-behind child (β=-0.04), the main caregiver (β=-0.06), and the education level of parents (β=0.09, 0.10), whether parents actively pay attention to children′s emotions (β=-0.06) and whether children play with homemade toys (β=-0.04) were the influencing factors of children′s adaptive development quotient.Girls, full-term children, only children, non-left-behind children, children with parents as main caregivers, parents with a high level of education, parents who often take the initiative to pay attention to children′s emotions, and children who play with homemade toys had a higher level of adaptability development quotient. 【Conclusions】 The development level of adaptability in children aged 2 - 6 in China is mostly above the average level and is related to multiple factors.Targeted intervention work can be carried out on relevant factors in order to promote the development of children′s adaptability.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of the Moses holmium laser and the traditional holmium laser in the treatment of kidney stones using flexible ureteroscopy.Methods:The data of 425 patients with kidney stones treated with flexible ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy at Hebei University Affiliated Hospital from January 2017 to January 2023 were retrospectively analysed. Among them, 136 cases were treated with traditional holmium laser (traditional group), and 289 cases were treated with Moses holmium laser (Moses group). To minimize selection bias due to non-random allocation, 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM) was employed, ensuring comparability between the two groups in baseline characteristics (age, gender) and stone characteristics (stone location, number, diameter, CT value, and stone composition). The differences in operation time, laser action time, stone clearance rate (SFR), postoperative complications and secondary treatment rate were compared between the two groups after matching. The risk factors affecting SFR were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The efficacy of Moses group and traditional group in treating kidney stones with diameter ≥20 mm was also compared.Results:After PSM, 108 patients were selected from each group for data analysis. Traditional group and Moses group demonstrated good consistency in baseline characteristics, including age [57.0(49.0, 65.0) years old vs. 58.5(51.8, 66.0) years old], male gender [58.3% (63/108) vs. 60.2% (65/108)], stone location(upper calyx / mid calyx / lower calyx / pelvis: 33/35/38/42 cases vs. 35/33/40/42 cases), multiple stones [33.3% (36/108) vs. 35.2% (38/108)], diameter [14.0(11.0, 16.0)mm vs. 14.0(12.0, 17.0)mm], CT value [1 115.5(993.2, 1 228.2) HU vs. 1 114.5(1 000.2, 1 216.5) HU], and the presence of calcium stones [83.3% (90/108) vs. 79.6% (86/108)], and all showing absolute standardized mean difference(ASMD) <0.1. The Moses group had shorter operation time [48.5(36.0, 56.0)min vs. 60.0(48.8, 68.0)min, P<0.01], higher post-operative stone-free rate (SFR) [88.9%(96/108) vs. 67.6(73/108), P<0.01], and lower rate of secondary surgery [1.8%(2/108) vs. 9.3%(10/108), P=0.04], indicating advantages in surgical efficiency and post-operative outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that using Moses holmium laser ( OR=0.029, P<0.01), stone diameter ( OR=1.492, P<0.01), stone CT value ( OR=1.007, P<0.01), presence of calcium stones ( OR=1.551, P<0.01), holmium laser application time ( OR=0.863, P<0.01), preoperative placement of a double-J stent ( OR=0.193, P<0.01), and preoperative moderate to severe hydronephrosis ( OR=1.651, P<0.01) were significant factors affecting SFR. In treating stones with a diameter of 20-30 mm, the surgery time of Moses group was shorter than that of traditional group [50.5(43.8, 58.3)min vs. 72.0(68.0, 78.0)min, P<0.05], and the laser application time of Moses group was also shorter [29.5(22.8, 36.0)min vs. 36.0(32.0, 41.0)min, P<0.05]. The post-operative SFR of Moses group was higher than that of traditional group [65.6%(42/64) vs. 35.3%(6/17), P<0.05], and the rate of secondary surgery was lower[7.8%(5/64) vs. 29.4(5/17), P<0.05]. Conclusions:Flexible ureteroscopy combined with Moses holmium laser lithotripsy demonstrated significant advantages over traditional holmium laser in enhancing stone clearance rate, reducing operation time, and lowering the need for secondary surgeries in the treatment of kidney stones. Flexible ureteroscopy combined with Moses holmium laser lithotripsy also proves its efficacy and clinical value in managing complex kidney stone cases.