ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

Objective:To investigate the annual growth rate of obesity prevalence of residents aged 18 and above in China and prevention keypoints for target populations from 2013 to 2018.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects from China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance project in 2013 and 2018 were included. The prevalence of obesity and growth rate in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China were collected through survey questionnaires and on-site measurements. Other demographic data such as the proportion of obesity control measures, diet, exercise and drug use was also analyzed. Obesity among adults was defined as body mass index≥28.0 kg/m2.Results:A total of 174 736 residents, aged (51.5±14.2) years, which included 74 704 (42.8%) males were recruited in 2013, and 179 125 residents, aged (55.1±13.8) years, which included 79 337 (44.3%) males were included in 2018. The average annual increase rate of adult obesity prevalence in China from 2013 to 2018 was 3.2% (uncertainty interval ( UI) 2.7%-3.6%), and the average increase rate of obesity prevalence among men (5.2% ( UI 4.6%-5.9%)) was higher than that of women (0.9% ( UI 0.5%-1.3%)). For subgroups analysis, the average increase rate of obesity prevalence among residents aged 18 to 29 (7.4% ( UI 6.9%-7.9%)), education level beyond college degree (6.3% ( UI 5.5%-7.1%)), and unmarried population (11.2% ( UI 10.2%-12.1%)) were higher than that of other subgroups between 2013 and 2018. The residents in Hainan province showed the highest average annual growth rate of obesity. With the exception of Shanxi, Hunan, Gansu and Ningxia province, the annual growth rate of obesity prevalence among adults increased in all other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2013 to 2018. For the obese population, the proportion of people who took weight control measures increased from 22.6% in 2013 to 32.7% in 2018. Conclusions:The prevalence of obesity growth characteristics in subpopulations and regions in China are obviously different. Accordingly the focus points of obesity prevention and control in different regions should have their own emphasis.

Background Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are emerging synthetic insecticides that have been used in various pest management regimens worldwide as alternatives to conventional insecticides. Recently, several studies have indicated that humans are widely exposed to NEOs, but limited is known about the levels and associated health risks of NEOs exposure among children. Objective To estimate exposure levels of four kinds of NEOs in urine samples among 5-year-old children from Laizhou Wan, Shandong Province, and to evaluate health risks of single and cumulative exposure to NEOs among children in this area. Methods A total of 205 children who participated in the 5-year-old follow-up in Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort (LWBC) were included. Urinary concentrations of four NEOs [imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), clothianidin (CLO), and thiamethoxam (THM)] were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Based on the detected NEOs concentrations, estimated daily intake (EDI) was calculated, and the health risk of exposure to single NEO was assessed using hazard quotient (HQ, risk threshold=1). A relative potency factor (RPF) approach was used to standardize the concentrations of the four NEOs by IMI to calculate their cumulative concentrations. Then, the health risk of cumulative exposure to the four NEOs was further evaluated based on the HQ method. Results The detection rates of the four NEOs in the 5-year-old children were all above 90%, and their median creatinine-adjusted urinary concentrations were in the order from high to low as follows: CLO (1.373 μg·g⁻¹) > THM (0.628 μg·g⁻¹) > IMI (0.310 μg·g⁻¹) > ACE (0.073 μg·g⁻¹). Of the four NEOs, the median EDI of IMI was 0.035 µg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, higher than those of CLO (0.032 µg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹), THM (0.012 µg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹), and ACE (0.002 µg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹). The maximum HQ values of IMI, CLO, THM, and ACE were 0.168, 0.152, 0.055, and 0.022, respectively, which were all far lower than the risk threshold of 1. The median concentration of cumulative exposure to the four NEOs standardized by IMI was 21.241 μg·g⁻¹, and its median EDI was 2.370 µg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹. The maximum HQ of cumulative exposure to the four NEOs was only 0.694, which also did not exceed the risk threshold of 1. Conclusion NEOs exposure is common among the 5-year-old children in Laizhou Wan, Shandong. Although there is no obvious health risk associated with single and cumulative exposure to NEOs in the children in this area, their exposure levels of NEOs are higher than those in some foreign areas. The adverse health effects of long-term exposure to low dose of NEOs deserve our extensive attention.

Objective:To analyze the comorbidity status and influencing factors of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults and to provide support for the "co-management of three diseases".Methods:Using the relevant information collected from the National Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in China in 2018, 134 950 permanent residents aged ≥45 years were selected as the research objects. After being weighed, the prevalence and comorbidity of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in residents with different groups were compared; a multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of comorbidity of the "three diseases".Results:The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults were 46.0% (95% CI:45.1%-47.0%), 19.5% (95% CI:18.7%-20.2%), 43.3% (95% CI:42.3%-44.4%), respectively. The comorbidity rates of hypertension and diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, and diabetes and dyslipidemia were 12.3% (95% CI:11.7%-12.8%), 22.8% (95% CI:22.1%-23.4%),11.6% (95% CI:11.1%-12.0%), respectively; the comorbidity rate of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was 7.6% (95% CI: 7.2%-8.0%). These comorbidity rates increased with age and BMI, which was more significant in the urban areas than rural areas and more outstanding in North and Northeast China ( P<0.05). The comorbidity rate of hypertension, diabetes, and higher cholesterol was 1.9% (95% CI:1.7%-2.1%). The comorbidity rate of hypertension, diabetes, and higher low-density lipoprotein was 1.6% (95% CI:1.4%-1.7%), which was higher in women than in men ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that male, age, city, overweight/obesity, excessive drinking, physical inactivity, daily sedentary behavior time ≥5 hours, and sleep duration <7 hours were risk factors for the comorbidity of the "three diseases". Conclusions:The comorbidity of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, is common among middle-aged and elderly adults in China; comprehensive prevention and control of risk factors and "co-management of three diseases" are critical measures for health promotion in middle-aged and elderly populations.

Objective:To understand the regular leisure-time physical activity status of residents aged ≥60 years in China and to explore the potential influencing factors.Methods:National Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance were conducted in 298 counties (districts) in China in 2018, which covered 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to select 194 779 permanent residents aged ≥18 years, using a questionnaire containing the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. A face-to-face survey to obtain demographic information about the survey respondents, the frequency of moderate and vigorous-intensity leisure-time physical activity in their spare time and time, and other information related to chronic diseases and risk factors. Daily temperatures of 298 monitored counties (districts) in 2018 were obtained by inversion of satellite remote sensing data information such as MODIS, OMI, and AIRS, and the number of parks in 2017 was obtained by me. In this study, 68 379 residents aged ≥60 years who completed the survey and had complete information on leisure-time physical activity-related variables, temperature, and parks were used as survey respondents, and the prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity and average weekly exercise time was calculated by gender in groups of age, urban and rural areas, education level, and geography. Multi-factor logistic regression models were used to analyze the individual and environmental influences on the regular exercise rate. All the results were weighted according to a complex sampling scheme.Results:The prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity of residents aged ≥60 years in China in 2018 was 13.1% (95% CI: 12.1%-14.0%). The figures were slightly higher for men [13.6% (95% CI: 12.6%-14.7%)] than for women [12.5% (95% CI: 11.5%-13.5%)]; urban [17.5% (95% CI: 15.9%-19.1%)] were significantly higher than those in rural areas [9.6% (95% CI: 8.8%-10.4%)]; the prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity in East China [15.1% (95% CI: 13.3%-16.9%)] was higher than those in other regions; older residents in counties (districts) with ≥28 parks [17.3% (95% CI: 15.3%-19.2%)] the highest. The average weekly exercise time of elderly residents in China was 68.3 (95% CI: 63.5-73.2) minutes; among them, men [74.3 (95% CI: 68.1-80.5) minutes] was higher than women [62.5 (95% CI: 57.8-67.2) minutes]; urban [89.8 (95% CI: 82.0-97.7) minutes] were higher than rural [51.4 (95% CI: 46.8-56.1) minutes]. The results of the multi-factorial logistic analysis showed that factors such as: living in rural areas, lower annual household income for literacy, poorer self-rated health status, and lack of parks in the area of residence were associated with a lower prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity among elderly residents. Conclusions:The prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity among elderly residents in China is still at a low level, and exercise time needs to be improved. We should increase the publicity of "national fitness", pay attention to the disadvantaged elderly groups and provide more suitable activity places to encourage more elderly residents to participate in leisure-time physical activity.

Objective:To investigate the effect of psychological support during perithrombotic period on post-stroke depression (PSD) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:Patients with AIS received intravenous thrombolysis in the Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021 were enrolled prospectively. The intervention group received one-to-one individual psychological support therapy in the perithrombolytic period on the basis of receiving standard intravenous thrombolytic therapy. At 30 d after onset, Hamilton Depression Scale was used to assess whether PSD occurred. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent influencing factor of PSD. Results:A total of 126 patients with AIS were enrolled, and 86 of them were male (68.25%). Their age was 63.65±10.46 years; 65 were in the intervention group and 61 were in the control group. The incidence of PSD in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (20.00% vs. 36.07%; χ2=4.049, P=0.044). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that psychological intervention (odds ratio [ OR] 0.333, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.132-0.838; P=0.020] was an independent protective factor for PSD, while ischemic heart disease ( OR 4.510, 95% CI 1.181-17.217; P=0.028), alcohol consumption ( OR 3.421, 95% CI 1.317-8.888; P=0.012), anticoagulation therapy ( OR 3.145, 95% CI 1.155-8.567; P=0.025) and modified Rankin Scale score before thrombolysis ( OR 1.627, 95% CI 1.142-2.317; P=0.007) were the independent risk factors for PSD. Conclusion:Perithrombolytic psychological support may reduce the incidence of PSD.

Objective:To provide clinical references for the diagnosis and treatment of hemophilic pseudotumor (HPT) in maxillofacial region.Methods:Fourteen cases of HPT in maxillofacial region from the Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children′s Hospital from Jan 2009 to Jan 2019 were collected. Two cases were lost for follow-up and 12 patient,all boys, were finally followed up and included in the study. The patients aged from 13 months to 10 years old. The medical history, clinic manefestitions and the features of the radiology examination were recorded. The patients were treated by using replacement treatment first. If the conservative treatment was not effective, the patients then received operation combined with pereoperation replacement thearapy. The patients were followed up for 13 months to 10 years.There were 11 cases of hemophilia A, and 1 case of hemophilia B. Two cases were severe type, the others (10/12) were mild and moderate types. Only 1 case was diagnosed as hemophilia initially. Nine cases (9/12) were misdiagnosed as malignant tumors, 1 case was misdiagnosed as osteomyelitis and 1 case was misdiagnosed as hemangioma. Only 3 cases had identified history of trauma before.Results:All cases were treated with replacement therapy first, among which 10 cases were effective, 8 cases were cured by conservative therapy, 1 case had residual soft tissue fistula after conservative treatment and 1 case recurrented after conservative treatment for 8 months. Two patients with poor efficacy to the replacement treatment were performed operations and finally were cured.Conclusions:The misdiagnosis rate of HPT in maxillofacial region was high. The conservative factor replacement therapy could achieve good results in most children and could be used as the preferred treatment. If the conservative treatment was not effective, the surgical treatment was also a safe option.

Objective:To observe the pronunciation of consonants among children with developmental speech sound disorder and explore the correlation between mispronounced consonants and short-term memory so as to determine the pathogenesis of the disorder.Methods:Thirty-six children with developmental speech sound disorder and aged 4 to 13 years were evaluated. Their pronunciation of consonants at the phoneme and lexical levels was tested to record the error types and error rate. Twelve of the children were then randomly chosen to form a voice disorder group. Another 10 healthy counterparts constituted a control group. The short-term memory of both groups was assessed and any correlation between pronunciation and short-term memory was analyzed.Results:The children with a developmental speech sound disorder differed significantly from the controls in terms of the numbers of errors in articulating blade-alveolar, blade-palatal and velar consonants. On the phoneme level, the highest substitution error rate occurred when pronouncing lingua-palatal consonants (42.86%), followed by supradental consonants (32%). The highest distortion and non-acquisition error rates were with blade-palatal consonants (14%) and lingua-palatal consonants (9.5%). On the vocabulary level, the highest substitution, distortion, ellipsis and non-acquisition error rates appeared when pronouncing lingua-palatal and velar consonants, velar and blade-palatal consonants, supradental consonants as well as blade-palatal consonants. Significant differences were found between the phoneme and lexical levels in the substitution of supradental and blade-palatal consonants as well as in the ellipsis of blade-alveolar consonants. They were moderately associated with pronunciation level. There was, however, no significant difference in working memory span between the two groups, and no significant correlation was observed between working memory span and pronunciation level.Conclusion:The mispronunciation of consonants by children with developmental speech disorders is higher at the lexical than at the phoneme level. They mainly substitute lingua-palatal and velar consonants and elide supradental consonants, which may be related to short-term memory span.

AIM To study the flavonoids from the leaves of Astragalus membranaceus (Fish.) Bge..METHODS The ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol fractions of 75％ ethanol extract from A.membranaceus leaves were isolated and purified by silica,ODS and preparative HPLC column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin (1),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),rhamnocitrin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3),rhamnocitrin-3-O-β-neohesperidoside (4),rhamnocitrin-3-O-3-D-glucopyranoside (1'''→2'')-β-D-apiofuranosyl (5),complanatuside (6),glycitein (7),4',7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy isoflavone (8),genistein (9),calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10),genistin (11),glycitin (12),tiliroside (13).CONCLUSION Compounds 5,8,13 are isolated from genus Astragalus for the first time,and compound 2 is first isolated from this plant.