This paper summarizes the experience of professor LIU Shangyi in differentiating and treating rectal carcinoma from the perspective of "treating ulcers as tumors". It is believed that the manifestations of rectal cancer， such as anal itching， cauliflower-like or ulcerative tumors， and bloody stools， are similar to external skin itching， skin ulceration， swelling， and skin bleeding. Therefore， the treatment principles of sores and ulcers department can be applied to treat tumors. Following the diagnostic and treatment approach of dermatology regarding the clinical typical symptoms， for anal itching， the main treatment is to dispel wind and remove dampness， clear heat to relieve itching， using "skin medicinals" such as Difuzi （Fructus Kochiae） and Baixianpi （Cortex Dictamni）， as well as wind medicinals such as Shengma （Rhizoma Cimicifugae） and Fangfeng （Radix Saposhnikoviae）. For constipation， the method of clearing heat and resolving toxins， unblocking the bowels and discharging heat can be used， commonly using Baitouweng （Radix Pulsatillae）， Donglingcao （Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis） and Dahuang （Radix et Rhizoma Rhei）. In terms of mucosal ulcers， it is critical to differentiate between yin and yang； the treatment of yang ulcers should focus on clearing heat and resolving toxins， commonly using modified Xianfang Huoming Beverage （仙方活命饮）； for yin ulcers， emphasis should be placed on removing dampness and resolving phlegm， commonly with modified Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang Powder （薏苡附子败酱散）. For bloody stool， differentiation is made between deficiency and excess， with the use of Diyu （Radix Sanguisorbae） and Huaihua （Flos Sophorae） for excess syndrome to cool and stop blee-ding， and both herbs dry-fried until charred combined with liver-tonifying medicinals for deficiency syndrome

This paper explores the immune-inflammatory regulatory mechanism of colorectal cancer cachexia and corresponding traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） intervention strategies based on the TCM theory of reinforcing healthy qi and dispelling pathogenen. It is proposed that depletion of healthy qi is the root cause of colorectal cancer cachexia， while cancer toxins exuberance is the symptomatic manifestation of the disease， and failure of the spleen and stomach is the core pathogenesis. In terms of treatment， a TCM treatment system is constructed based on the principles of reinforcing healthy qi to consolidate the foundation and regulate immunity， and dispelling pathogen to remove toxins and alleviate inflammation. The system clarifies the healty qi-reinforcing method as fortifying spleen and boosting qi to enhance immune function， and nourishing blood and enriching yin to consolidate yin essence and healthy qi. It also emphasizes the pathogen-dispelling method as clearing heat and removing toxins to regulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines， and promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis to improve the immune microenvironment and microcirculation. This therapeutic approach may provide valuable insights for TCM interventions in colo-rectal cancer cachexia.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism by which STAT1 regulates the expression of APOL6 in order to mediate lipid deposition in tumor-associated macrophages(TAM)in laryngeal cancer tissues.Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction,Western blotting,immunohistochemistry,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the expression levels of STAT1 and APOL6 in laryngeal cancer tissues,as well as the regulatory effect of STAT1 on APOL6 expression.Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying APOL6 regulation by ST AT1.Oil Red O staining was used to evaluate the lipid deposition in TAM.Results The expression levels of STAT1 and APOL6 in laryngeal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues(P＜0.01).STAT1 transcriptionally activated APOL6 gene expression.STAT1 overexpression sig-nificantly promoted the expression and secretion of APOL6 in laryngeal cancer cells and induced lipid deposition in TAM.Conclusion STAT1 is a novel transcription factor for the APOL6 gene.STAT1 promotes lipid deposition in the TAM of laryngeal cancer tissues by regu-lating APOL6 expression,thereby reshaping the lipid metabolism of TAM.

Central venous access device associated skin impairment is a common complication of indwelling central venous catheters in cancer patients. To further enhance the standardization of nursing staff's practice of central venous access device associated skin impairment, a clinical nursing practice guideline for central venous access device associated skin impairment in cancer patients was developed through the Delphi expert consultation and expert meeting methods in accordance with the methodology for developing evidence-based nursing practice guidelines. Recommendations cover four aspects of management requirements, assessment, prevention, and management of central venous access device associated skin impairment, providing a practical basis for clinical healthcare professionals to make scientific decisions on central venous access device associated skin impairment.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism by which STAT1 regulates the expression of APOL6 in order to mediate lipid deposition in tumor-associated macrophages(TAM)in laryngeal cancer tissues.Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction,Western blotting,immunohistochemistry,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the expression levels of STAT1 and APOL6 in laryngeal cancer tissues,as well as the regulatory effect of STAT1 on APOL6 expression.Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying APOL6 regulation by ST AT1.Oil Red O staining was used to evaluate the lipid deposition in TAM.Results The expression levels of STAT1 and APOL6 in laryngeal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues(P＜0.01).STAT1 transcriptionally activated APOL6 gene expression.STAT1 overexpression sig-nificantly promoted the expression and secretion of APOL6 in laryngeal cancer cells and induced lipid deposition in TAM.Conclusion STAT1 is a novel transcription factor for the APOL6 gene.STAT1 promotes lipid deposition in the TAM of laryngeal cancer tissues by regu-lating APOL6 expression,thereby reshaping the lipid metabolism of TAM.

Central venous access device associated skin impairment is a common complication of indwelling central venous catheters in cancer patients. To further enhance the standardization of nursing staff's practice of central venous access device associated skin impairment, a clinical nursing practice guideline for central venous access device associated skin impairment in cancer patients was developed through the Delphi expert consultation and expert meeting methods in accordance with the methodology for developing evidence-based nursing practice guidelines. Recommendations cover four aspects of management requirements, assessment, prevention, and management of central venous access device associated skin impairment, providing a practical basis for clinical healthcare professionals to make scientific decisions on central venous access device associated skin impairment.

This case report presents an adolescent patient with type 3 pseudotumor associated with vascular hemophilia (von willebrand disease, VWD) of the femur. The patient experienced weakness and pain in the right knee joint for two months following physical activity, with no apparent history of trauma. Genetic testing identified two compound heterozygous mutations in the von willebrand factor (VWF) gene, consistent with a diagnosis of "VWD type 3". Laboratory results revealed a Factor VIII activity of 2.8%, a negative Factor VIII inhibitor test, VWF activity of 1%, and VWF antigen levels below 3%. The desmopressin infusion test (1 hours and 4 hours) showed VWF levels of less than 1%. Imaging studies revealed an osteolytic lesion in the right distal femoral epiphysis, characterized by discontinuous cortical resorption in the anterior femur, thinning of the medial, lateral, and posterior cortex, prominent sclerotic bands, and extension of the tumor into the distal femoral epiphysis without periosteal reaction. After multidisciplinary consultation, the diagnosis of VWD type 3 pseudotumor of the femur was confirmed. The patient had no history of coagulation factor supplementation and no significant knee trauma. Preoperatively, the VWF level was maintained above 80% with cryoprecipitate infusion. The lesion was surgically debrided, followed by bone grafting with autologous fibula and allograft bone. Postoperative follow-up at 5 months showed good recovery of knee function. Pseudotumor is a rare but serious manifestation of inherited bleeding disorders, predominantly observed in hemophiliacs. Skeletal muscle system pseudotumor in VWD is exceptionally rare, with previous reports limited to the maxilla and mandible. MRI is crucial for the diagnosis of hemophilic pseudotumor, with characteristic findings of peripheral enhancement without central enhancement on enhanced scans. Surgery remains the preferred and effective treatment, with adequate perioperative preparation being essential for success. In this case, a multidisciplinary approach was critical in developing a personalized treatment plan, contributing significantly to the patient's positive outcome.

Brain computer interface(BCI)is a rapidly developing rehabilitation technology in recent years, which has been gradually used for cognitive rehabilitation of stroke patients.BCI can activate brain regions related to cognition to a greater extent through motor imagery and neural feedback technology, promote functional connectivity between brain regions, and ameliorate cognitive impairment after stroke.This paper summarized the mechanisms involved in BCI promoting cognitive rehabilitation and current applications of BCI in post-stroke cognitive impairment, and identifies the shortcomings of BCI in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment, in order to provide insight for the research and clinical practice of BCI in post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation.

The global COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has infected over 109 million people, leading to over 2 million deaths up to date and still lacking of effective drugs for patient treatment. Here, we screened about 1.8 million small molecules against the main protease (M^pro) and papain like protease (PL^pro), two major proteases in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 genome, and identified 1851M^pro inhibitors and 205 PL^pro inhibitors with low nmol/l activity of the best hits. Among these inhibitors, eight small molecules showed dual inhibition effects on both M^pro and PL^pro, exhibiting potential as better candidates for COVID-19 treatment. The best inhibitors of each protease were tested in antiviral assay, with over 40% of M^pro inhibitors and over 20% of PL^pro inhibitors showing high potency in viral inhibition with low cytotoxicity. The X-ray crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro in complex with its potent inhibitor 4a was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. Together with docking assays, our results provide a comprehensive resource for future research on anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development.
Humans ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry* ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry* ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology* ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Objective To study the setup error under deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) guided by optical surface monitoring system (OSMS) and free breathing (FB) FB1 and FB2 (without OSMS guidance, directly set up the body marker line by laser lamp) in radiotherapy after radical mastectomy for left breast cancer, and to provide a basis for individualized clinical target volume-planning target volume (CTV-PTV) expansion for the doctor in charge to delineate the target volume. Methods A total of 36 patients with left breast cancer after radical mastectomy were selected and divided into three groups, in which cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken in three states: DIBH, FB1, and FB2, respectively. CBCT and CT images were analyzed for registration; the absolute error data of linear displacement in the ventro-dorsal, cranio-caudal, and left-right directions were recorded, and the expanding margin was calculated. Results The translation errors in the ventro-dorsal, cranio-caudal, and left-right directions were (0.06 ± 0.22) cm, (0.05 ± 0.23) cm, and (0.01 ± 0.24) cm in the DIBH group, (0.07 ± 0.21) cm, (0.02 ± 0.23) cm, and (0.02 ± 0.21) cm in the FB1 group, and (0.07 ± 0.24) cm, (0.07 ± 0.34) cm, and (0.25 ± 0.09) cm in the FB2 group. The statistical results of the DIBH group and FB1 group in the ventro-dorsal, RTN, and ROLL directions were significantly different (P < 0.05). The statistical results of the FB1 group and FB2 group in the ventro-dorsal direction were significantly different. The relation of three groups in the value of margin of planning target volume was DIBH < FB1 < FB2 in the ventro-dorsal and cranio-caudal directions and FB1 < DIBH < FB2 in the left-right direction. Conclusion OSMS-guided DIBH radiotherapy in patients with left breast cancer after radical mastectomy can reduce the setup error and provide an important basis for individualized CTV-PTV expansion for the doctor in charge to delineate the target volume.