This paper summarizes the experience of professor LIU Shangyi in differentiating and treating rectal carcinoma from the perspective of "treating ulcers as tumors". It is believed that the manifestations of rectal cancer， such as anal itching， cauliflower-like or ulcerative tumors， and bloody stools， are similar to external skin itching， skin ulceration， swelling， and skin bleeding. Therefore， the treatment principles of sores and ulcers department can be applied to treat tumors. Following the diagnostic and treatment approach of dermatology regarding the clinical typical symptoms， for anal itching， the main treatment is to dispel wind and remove dampness， clear heat to relieve itching， using "skin medicinals" such as Difuzi （Fructus Kochiae） and Baixianpi （Cortex Dictamni）， as well as wind medicinals such as Shengma （Rhizoma Cimicifugae） and Fangfeng （Radix Saposhnikoviae）. For constipation， the method of clearing heat and resolving toxins， unblocking the bowels and discharging heat can be used， commonly using Baitouweng （Radix Pulsatillae）， Donglingcao （Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis） and Dahuang （Radix et Rhizoma Rhei）. In terms of mucosal ulcers， it is critical to differentiate between yin and yang； the treatment of yang ulcers should focus on clearing heat and resolving toxins， commonly using modified Xianfang Huoming Beverage （仙方活命饮）； for yin ulcers， emphasis should be placed on removing dampness and resolving phlegm， commonly with modified Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang Powder （薏苡附子败酱散）. For bloody stool， differentiation is made between deficiency and excess， with the use of Diyu （Radix Sanguisorbae） and Huaihua （Flos Sophorae） for excess syndrome to cool and stop blee-ding， and both herbs dry-fried until charred combined with liver-tonifying medicinals for deficiency syndrome

This paper explores the immune-inflammatory regulatory mechanism of colorectal cancer cachexia and corresponding traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） intervention strategies based on the TCM theory of reinforcing healthy qi and dispelling pathogenen. It is proposed that depletion of healthy qi is the root cause of colorectal cancer cachexia， while cancer toxins exuberance is the symptomatic manifestation of the disease， and failure of the spleen and stomach is the core pathogenesis. In terms of treatment， a TCM treatment system is constructed based on the principles of reinforcing healthy qi to consolidate the foundation and regulate immunity， and dispelling pathogen to remove toxins and alleviate inflammation. The system clarifies the healty qi-reinforcing method as fortifying spleen and boosting qi to enhance immune function， and nourishing blood and enriching yin to consolidate yin essence and healthy qi. It also emphasizes the pathogen-dispelling method as clearing heat and removing toxins to regulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines， and promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis to improve the immune microenvironment and microcirculation. This therapeutic approach may provide valuable insights for TCM interventions in colo-rectal cancer cachexia.

Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） chronomedicine， this paper explores the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of colorectal cancer mediated by circadian rhythm disorders. It is believed that the imbalance of yin and yang is isomorphic to the disorder of biological clock genes， which is the root cause of the disease. The disharmony of ying and wei （营卫） corresponds to the imbalance of immunity and metabolism， which is the pivot of the disease. The disorder of qi movement is related to the imbalance of intestinal barrier， which is the manifestation of the disease. Accordingly， relevant strategies are proposed， including chronochemotherapy regimen that aligns with biological rhythms to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity， acupuncture based on the ebb and flow of midnight and midday which selects acupoints along meridians to harmonize qi and blood， and a timed medication strategy that matches the disease mechanism by administering drugs at optimal times. These strategies aim to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer mediated by circadian rhythm disorders from the perspective of TCM chronomedicine， thereby providing new ideas for clinical practice.

Based on the theory of "spleen functions as wei （卫） qi"， this paper discusses the mechanism of "inflammation-metabolism-immunity" regulation in colorectal cancer cachexia and the therapeutic strategy. It is proposed that spleen deficiency with failure in transportation， leading to the maldistribution of wei （卫） qi and pathogenic constraint transforming into fire， is the source of inflammation. Spleen deficiency with failure in transportation， leading to the maldistribution of subtle essences and loss of nourishment to the physical body， is the root of metabolic depletion. Spleen deficiency with failure in transportation， leading to wei qi depletion and healthy qi decline， is the cause of immune impairment. Accordingly， a spleen-centered strategy of fortifying the spleen and restoring its defensive function is established. The specific therapeutic approaches include fortifying the spleen and boosting qi， restoring defensive function and securing the exterior to replenish the source of wei qi， with modified Sijunzi Decoction （四君子汤）， fortifying the spleen and removing toxin， resolving phlegm and stasis to restrain exuberant internal toxin and constrained fire， with modified Baitouweng Decoction （白头翁汤）， activating the spleen and harmonizing the stomach， promoting the transportation and distribution of food essence to correct nutritional and metabolic disorders， with modified Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction （香砂六君子汤）， and fortifying the spleen and nourishing the kidney， replenishing primordial qi and consolidating the root to restore immune competence， with Buzhong Yiqi Decoction （补中益气汤） and Zuogui Beverage （左归饮） as the basic prescription.

Based on the theory of "spleen functions as wei （卫） qi"， this paper discusses the mechanism of "inflammation-metabolism-immunity" regulation in colorectal cancer cachexia and the therapeutic strategy. It is proposed that spleen deficiency with failure in transportation， leading to the maldistribution of wei （卫） qi and pathogenic constraint transforming into fire， is the source of inflammation. Spleen deficiency with failure in transportation， leading to the maldistribution of subtle essences and loss of nourishment to the physical body， is the root of metabolic depletion. Spleen deficiency with failure in transportation， leading to wei qi depletion and healthy qi decline， is the cause of immune impairment. Accordingly， a spleen-centered strategy of fortifying the spleen and restoring its defensive function is established. The specific therapeutic approaches include fortifying the spleen and boosting qi， restoring defensive function and securing the exterior to replenish the source of wei qi， with modified Sijunzi Decoction （四君子汤）， fortifying the spleen and removing toxin， resolving phlegm and stasis to restrain exuberant internal toxin and constrained fire， with modified Baitouweng Decoction （白头翁汤）， activating the spleen and harmonizing the stomach， promoting the transportation and distribution of food essence to correct nutritional and metabolic disorders， with modified Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction （香砂六君子汤）， and fortifying the spleen and nourishing the kidney， replenishing primordial qi and consolidating the root to restore immune competence， with Buzhong Yiqi Decoction （补中益气汤） and Zuogui Beverage （左归饮） as the basic prescription.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of facial emotion recognition on prosocial behavior of medical students in mask-obscured scenes.Methods Fifty-three medical students from a medical university in Chongqing were enrolled from July to September 2023 to complete the facial emotion recognition task,the dictator gaming task and the state empathy test.Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between mask wearing and state empathy,trait empathy and prosocial behaviours,and the PROCESS procedure was used to test the mediation of state empathy and the moderating effect of mask wearing or not.Results ①mask wearing,state empathy and prosocial behaviour were significantly correlated(P＜0.01);② State empathy exerted mediated effect between facial emotion recognition and prosocial behavior,with the largest effect size(47％)for the relative mediating effect of sadness;③The interaction terms of facial emotion recognition and mask wearing had a significant effect on state empathy(P＜0.05).Conclusion Facial emotion recognition can influence prosocial behavior directly and also exert indirect effect on prosocial behavior through state empathy.Compared to the condition without mask wearing,mask wearing can significantly facilitate the effect of happy,sad and neutral emotions on state empathy.

The global COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has infected over 109 million people, leading to over 2 million deaths up to date and still lacking of effective drugs for patient treatment. Here, we screened about 1.8 million small molecules against the main protease (M^pro) and papain like protease (PL^pro), two major proteases in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 genome, and identified 1851M^pro inhibitors and 205 PL^pro inhibitors with low nmol/l activity of the best hits. Among these inhibitors, eight small molecules showed dual inhibition effects on both M^pro and PL^pro, exhibiting potential as better candidates for COVID-19 treatment. The best inhibitors of each protease were tested in antiviral assay, with over 40% of M^pro inhibitors and over 20% of PL^pro inhibitors showing high potency in viral inhibition with low cytotoxicity. The X-ray crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro in complex with its potent inhibitor 4a was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. Together with docking assays, our results provide a comprehensive resource for future research on anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development.
Humans ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry* ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry* ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology* ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Objective To explore the clinical effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in the treatment of old unstable osteoporotic vertebral fracture.Methods Twenty cases of old unstable osteoporotic single vertebral body fracture were divided into the stable group and unstable group according to the imaging results,10 cases in each group.PVP was performed in all 20 cases.The VAS scores of waist bending activity at preoperative 30 min,postoperative 6 h,3,30 d were observed.The changes of anterior edge height of spinal body in the injured vertebral segment of erect position and horizontal position were compared before and after operation.Results The VAS score of waist bending at preoperative 30 min had statistical difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).Compared with at preoperative 30 min,the VAS scores at postoperative observation points in the two groups were significantly decreased with statistical difference (P＜0.05).The VAS scores at postoperative 6 h,3,30 d had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The changes of posterior edge height of spinal body in the stable groups had no statistical difference before and after operation (P＞0.05);the anterior edge height of spinal body after treatment in the unstable group were significantly changed compared with before operation,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative pain in the patients with unstable osteoporotic vertebral fracture is more obvious than that in the patients with stable osteoporotic vertebral fracture.But all have similar effect after PVP therapy;the postoperative height in unstable osteoporotic vertebral fracture can obtain a certain recovery after PVP.

OBJECTIVE:To compare anesthesia effects of 3 anesthesia methods,to investigate anesthesia improvement method for bronch fiber oscope. METHODS:315 patients undergoing bronch fiber oscope were randomly divided into group A(106 cas-es),group B(104 cases)and group C(105 cases). Group A was treated with traditional bronch fiber oscope lidocaine atomization local anesthesia,group B was treated with modified bronch fiber oscope pethidine combined with lidocaine atomization local anes-thesia and group C was treated with three-limb tube connected with laryngeal mask and target-controlled propofol and remifentanil general anesthesia. SaO2,SBP,DBP,heart rate,breathing rate,excellent anesthesia rate,compliance rate,the rate of bodymove-ment and choking,pain recalling rate were compared among 3 groups before and during examination,and ADR was observed. RE-SULTS:Compared with before examination,SaO2 of group A was decreased significantly during examination,with statistical sig-nificance(P<0.05);that of group B and C had no obvious change before and during examination. Blood pressure,heart rate and breathing rate of 3 groups had no obvious change before and during examination. The excellent anesthesia rate and compliance rate of group A were significantly lower than those of group B and C,but the rate of bodymovement cough and pain recalling rate were significantly higher than group B and C,with statistical significantly(P<0.05). The excellent anesthesia rate and compliance rate of group B were significantly lower than those of group C,but the rate of bodymovement cough and pain recalling rate were signifi-cantly higher than group C,with statistical significance (P<0.05). No ADR was found in 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Modified bronchoscope atomization local anesthesia and modified painless bronchoscope are better than traditional bronch fiber oscope atomi-zation local anesthesia in anesthesia effect,safety,degree of comfort and acceptability. Modified bronchoscope atomization local an-esthesia was best but most expensive,so these methods can be chosen according to patient’s condition.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of sinus tachycardia patients with atypical asthma.Methods The data of 19 patients with sinus tachycardia resulted from atypical asthma,including clinical data and the treatment results were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 19 patients received lung function check,among them total 19 patients were atypical asthma whose tachycardia were cured,the heart beating rate was significantly lower after treated [(86.79±3.91) vs (108.89±4.23),t=6.921,P=0.000].Condusion The lung function check was requisite for patients with sinus tachycardia resulted from atypical asthma and the tachycardia can be cured by curing asthma drugs and calcium channel blocking agent.