Objective:To study the personality development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from the perspective of memory-tracing.Methods:From January 2016 to May 2017, totally 103 patients with OCD (patient group) and 88 normal subjects (control group) matched with age, gender, and educational level in the national urban population norm database of Wang Weidong memory-tracing personality developmental inventory (WMPI) were included.WMPI was used to evaluate and compare all subjects.SPSS 22.0 software and nonparametric test were used for statistically analysis, and independent sample t-test and nonparametric test were used for data camparison. Results:1.In terms of external influencing factors of personality development: on the part of life events, the score of family affair in the patient group was higher than that in the control group( P<0.05) in childhood.In terms of upbringing, the scores of strictness (5.637±3.463) and punishment (6.275±4.565) in the patient group were higher than those ((4.341±3.092), (5.000±3.698)) in the control group in childhood( t=-2.703, -2.093, both P<0.05). 2.In the aspect of personality elements: (1) Among courage subscales, the scores of natural fear (7.686±3.441) and adaptability (15.000±5.321) in the patient group were higher than those((6.023±3.991), (12.841±6.070)) in the control group in childhood ( t=-3.085, -2.613, both P<0.05) .For all three stages, interpersonal fear scores in the patient group ((20.284±8.255), (22.804±7.458), (22.725±7.145))were all higher than those ((16.205±7.937), (19.841±6.319), (18.364±6.277))in the control group( t=-3.458, -2.929, -4.437, P<0.01). (2) Among interpersonal relationship, the dependence dimension scores were higher in the patient group (10.804±3.621) than those (8.830±4.850) in the control group during childhood( t=-3.205, P<0.01). (3) Among sex development, the scores of heterosexual communications (11.941±4.878), love concept (15.098±4.180) and sexual concept (8.892±2.988) were higher in the patient group than those ((9.125±5.040), (11.761±5.202), (6.943±3.288)) in the control group in adolescence(all P<0.01). (4) Among ego, the score of self-care dimension in the patient group (6.465±2.890) was higher than that in the control group(4.239±2.861) in childhood ( P<0.01). In the dimension of autonomy, the scores of the patient group ((10.772±2.694), (11.347±2.621)) were higher than those in the control group ((8.011±4.039), (9.818±2.693)) in childhood and adolescence (both P<0.01). (5) Among the way of thinking, the score of absolute thinking dimension in the patient group was higher than that in control group in childhood ( P<0.01). In the dimension of cautious, the scores of patient group were higher than those in the control group in childhood and adolescence (both P<0.01). (6)Among volition, the scores of decisive dimension in the patient group were higher than those in the control group in adolescence and youth (both P<0.01). In the dimension of consciousness, the score of patient group was higher than that in the control group in youth( P<0.01). In the dimension of insistence, the score of the patient group were higher than those in the control group in childhood and youth (both P<0.01). (7) Among worldviews, the scores of motivations, perspective of career and perspective of friendship in the patient group were higher than those in the control group in adolescence (all P<0.01). The score of value dimension in patient group was lower than that in the control group in the youth ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Patients with OCD have more strictness and punishment during their childhood in terms of upbringing.This leads to a lack of courage, poor interpersonal relationships, low self-care or autonomy, high attachment, absolutization of thinking and suppressing themself more in their childhood.In their adolescence and youth, their lack of courage, poor self-care or autonomy and the way of thinking cautious and stubborn will further aggravate and gradually show a more conservative sexual development and traditional world outlook.

Objective    To evaluate the clinical effects of segmentectomy versus lobectomy under single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery on inflammatory factors and immune cells in peripheral blood of non-small cell lung cancer patients, and to analyze the effect of changes of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells on the prognosis of the patients. Methods    The clinical data of 256 patients who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy under single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery for non-small cell lung cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2016 to October 2020 were retrospectively collected. According to the operation method, they were divided into a segmentectomy group (126 patients with 79 males and 47 females at an age of 63.4±6.2 years) and a lobectomy group (130 patients with 91 males and 39 females at an age of 62.9±5.6 years). The change of inflammatory factors (C reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α) and immune cells (CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and natural killer cells) were recorded and analyzed before operation (T0) and 1 day (T1), 3 days (T2), 7 days (T3), 1 month (T4) after the operation between the two groups. According to postoperative recurrence situations, they were divided into a recurrence group and a non-recurrence group, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the change of postoperative inflammatory factors, immune cells, and the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Results    (1) There was no statistical difference in sex ratio, underlying diseases, body mass index, levels of preoperative inflammatory factors or immune cells between the two groups (all P>0.05). (2) The changes of postoperative inflammatory factors in the segmentectomy group were significantly less than those in the lobectomy group at T1-T3 (all P<0.05), and the changes of postoperative immune cells in the segmentectomy group were significantly less than those in the lobectomy group at T1-T4 (all P<0.05). (3) The changes of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells on postoperative day 3 in the recurrence group were significantly more than those in the non-recurrence group (all P<0.05). (4) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the changes of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells on postoperative day 3 may be the risk factors for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (all P<0.05). Conclusion    Single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery segmentectomy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer can reduce the inflammatory response and protect body's immune function, and the change of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells in postoperative day 3 may be the risk factors for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective To evaluate the role of conventional protein kinase Cγ (cPKCγ)/growthassociated protein-43 (GAP-43) signaling pathway in ketamine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of developing rats in an in vitro experiment.Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons were seeded in culture plates at a density of 1×10.6 cells/ml and divided into 2 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:control group (C group) and ketamine group (K group).Group C received no treatment.Ketamine was added with the final concentration of 300 μmol/L in group K.At 12 h of culture or incubation,the apoptosis in hippocampal neurons was detected by flow cytometry.The apoptotic rate was calculated.The expression of cPKCγ,GAP-43 and phosphorylated GAP-43 in hippocampal neurons was measured by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the apoptotic rates of hippocampal neurons were significantly increased,and the expression of cPKCγ,GAP-43 and phosphorylated GAP-43 was down-regulated in group K (P<0.01).Conclusion The mechanism by which ketamine induces apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of developing rats may be related to inhibition of cPKCγ/GAP-43 signaling pathway activation in an in vitro experiment.

Objective To evaluate the role of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) signaling pathway in propofol-induced neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus of newborn rats.Methods Experiment Ⅰ Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons were seeded in 6-well culture plates at a density of 1×106 cells/ml and divided into 2 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table:solvent control group (C group) and propofol group (P group).Propofol was added with the final concentration of 60 μg/ml in group P.Dimethyl sulfoxide was added with the final concentration of 0.04％ in group C.The expression of RhoA and ROCK2 in hippocampal neurons was measured by Western blot at 24 h of incubation.Experiment Ⅱ Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons were seeded in 6-well culture plates at a density of 1 × 106 cells/ml and divided into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:solvent control group (C group),propofol group (P group) and propofol plus specific RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway blocker Y27632 group (P+Y group).Propofol was added with the final concentration of 60 μg/ml in group P.Propofol at the final concentration of 60 μg/ml and Y27632 at the final concentration of 10 μmol/L were added in group P+Y.Dimethyl sulfoxide was added with the final concentrauon of 0.04％ in group C.At 24 h of incubation,the neuroapoptosis in hippocampi was detected by flow cytometry,and the expression of activated caspase-3 in hippocampal neurons was measured by Western blot.The apoptotic rate was calculated.Results Experiment Ⅰ Compared with group C,the expression of RhoA and ROCK2 in hippocampal neurons was significantly up-regulated in group P (P＜0.05).Experiment Ⅱ Compared with group C,the apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons was significantly increased,and the expression of activated caspase-3 was up-regulated in P and P+Y groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group P,the apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons was significantly decreased,and the expression of activated caspase-3 was down-rcgulatcd in group P + Y (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activation of RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway is involved in propofol-induced neuroapoptosis in hippocampi of newborn rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of chronic low potassium on K+uptake rate in the my?ocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits. Methods Thirty?two adult male rabbits, aged 12-14 weeks, weighing 2?0-2?7 kg, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table:normal feeding group ( group N) , low potassium feeding group ( group L) , potassium supplementation con?trol group ( group SC ) and potassium supplementation experimental group ( group SE ) . N and SC groups were given a normal diet only, and L and SE groups were fed with a low potassium diet for 15 days. Potassi?um chloride ( KCl) 0?5 mol∕L was then infused intravenously at the initial rate of 60 μmol·kg-1 ·min-1 in SE and SC groups. Blood samples were obtained from the central artery of the left ear every 5 min for meas?urement of plasma K+ concentrations. The infusion rat of KCl was then adjusted until the plasma K+concen?tration reached 5?5 mmol∕L and maintained at this level for 1 h, and then infusion was stopped. The total volume of KCl infused was recorded. The hearts and soleus muscle of animals were excised for determination of K+content. K+uptake and uptake rate were calculated. Results Compared with N group, the plasma K+concentration, and K+content in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly decreased in group L ( P<0?05) . Compared with SC group, the total volume of KCl infused, and K+uptake and uptake rate in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly increased in group SE ( P<0?05) . Conclusion Chro?nic hypokalaemia can increase K+ uptake rate in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits.

Objective To study the effect of dexmedetomidine and midazolam on hemodynamics and sedation in patients with nasal intubation.Methods Forty patients whose ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ and anticipated difficult airway were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group(group D,20 cases)and midazolam group(group M,20 cases)according to the admission number.In group D,dexmedetomidine 1 μ g/kg were constant speed pumped in 10 minutes.In group M,midazolam 0.03 mg/kg were intravenous injected.Then nasal intubation were carried.Systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),mean arterial blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2),Ramsay sedation score,rate-pressure product(RPP),tip perfusion index(TPI)were recorded and compared before anesthesia (T0),fiberoptic bronchoscope pass by later nostril(T1),to spy on epiglottis(T2),intubation succeed(T3),after intubation 1 minute(T4)and after intubation 3 minutes(T5).Airway score and postoperative visit were evaluated.Results SBP,DBP,MAP,HR,RPP in group M were significantly higher at T1-T3 than those at T0 (P＜0.05),and were significantly higher than those in group D at the same time(P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in group D(P ＞ 0.05).Ramsay sedation score and TPI at T1-T3 in group M were significantly lower than those at To(P ＜0.05).Ramsay sedation score and TPI at T1-T5 in group D were significantly higher than those at T0(P ＜ 0.05),and were significantly higher than those in group M at the same time(P ＜ 0.05).The rate of airway score 1 score and intubation satisfaction in group D were significantly higher than those in group M[100％(20/20)vs.30％(6/20),90％(18/20)vs.50％(10/20)](P＜ 0.05).The rate of throat ache in group D was significantly lower than that in group M[5％(1/20)vs.35％(7/20)](P ＜0.05).Conclusions For difficult airway patients with nasal intubation during dexmedetomidine infusion,hemodynamics is stable and sedation is satisfied.

Objective To investigate the role of PI3-kinase-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (PI3KAkt-eNOS) signaling pathway in the attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by sevoflurane postconditioning in rats.Methods Fifty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-280 g aged 2-3 months were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =10 each):sham operation group (group S),I/R group,sevoflurane postconditioning group (group Spo),sevoflurane postconditioning + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (group Spo + D),and sevoflurane postconditioning + LY294002 (a specific PI3K inhibitor) group (group Spo+ L).I/R was produced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in anesthetized rats.In group Spo,sevoflurane was inhaled for 5 min after the end-tidal concentration reached 2.5％-3.0％ at 1 min before reperfusion.In group Spo + L,LY294002 0.3 mg/kg in 0.02％ DMSO was injected intravenously at 5 min before reperfusion,and then sevoflurane postconditioning was performed.In group Spo + D,0.02％ DMSO equal to the volume of LY294002 was injected intravenously at 5 min before reperfusion,and then sevoflurane postconditioning was performed.Arterial blood samples were taken at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of the levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac Troponin Ⅰ (cTnI).The myocardial infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were measured and IS/AAR ratio was calculated.The rats were sacrificed at 120 min of reperfusion and the myocardial tissues in the area at risk were taken for determination of the expression of Akt,phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt),eNOS and phosphorylated eNOS (peNOS) by Western blot.The ratios of p-Akt/Akt and p-eNOS/eNOS were calculated.Results Compared with group S,the levels of CK-MB,LDH and cTnI,IS/AAR ratio,p-Akt/Akt ratio and p-eNOS/eNOS ratio were significantly increased in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).Compared with group I/R,no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Spo+ L (P ＞ 0.05),and the levels of CK-MB,LDH and cTnI and IS/AAR ratio were significantly decreased,and the ratios of p-Akt/Akt and p-eNOS/eNOS were significantly increased in groups Spo and Spo + D ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group Spo and group Spo + D (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway mediates the attenuation of myocardial I/R injury by sevoflurane postconditioning in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane postconditioning on cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial ischemia-repeffusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-five healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =15 each):group sham operation ( group S) ; group I/R and group sevoflurane postconditioning (group Spo).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 3％ pentobarbital 45 mg/kg,tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in groups I/R and Spo.In group Spo the animals inhaled 2.5％ sevoflurane for 5 min starting from 1 min before reperfusion was started.The animals were sacrificed at the end of 120 min reperfusion.Their hearts were removed for measurement of infarct size and the area at risk and determination of apoptotic index (the number of apoptotic cells/the total number of cells) and Bcl-2 and Bax protein and mRNA expression.Results Sevoflurane postconditioning significantly reduced infarct size in group Spo as compared with group I/R.There was no significant difference in area at risk between groups I/R and Spo.Myocardial I/R significantly increased the apoptotic index,Bcl-2 and Bax protein and mRNA expression in group I/R as compared with group S.Sevoflurane postconditioning significantly decreased apoptotic index and Bax protein and mRNA expression but increased Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression in group Spo as compared with group I/R.Conclusion Sevoflurane postconditioning attenuates myocardial I/R injury by redncing myocardial apoptosis,up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating Bax expression.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning-postconditioning on thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2 during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Fifty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each) : sham operation group (group S) , I/R group, sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Spr), sevoflurane postconditioning group (group Spo)and combination of sevoflurane preconditioning and postconditioning group (group Spr + po). Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h reperfusion in anesthetized rats. In group S the anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated. Group Spr received 15 min inhalation of 2.5 % sevoflurane and 15 min wash-out 30 min before ischemia. Group Spo received 5 min inhalation of 2.5% sevoflurane 1 min before reperfusion. Arterial blood samples were taken at 2 h of reperfusion for determination of the levels of MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) , lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , cardiac troponin I (cTnI), thromboxane B2(TXB2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin (6-keto-PGF1α) and platelet maximum aggregation rate. TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio was calculated. The myocardial tissues were taken for microscopic examination. Mitochondria] injury was assessed by using Flameng score and stereology (Specific surface, δ and Numerical density on area, NA) .Results Compared with group S, the levels of CK-MB, LDH, cTnI, TXE2 and 6-ketoPGF1α, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, platelet maximum aggregation rate and Flameng score were significantly increased, while δ and NA were significantly decreased in group I/R (P < 0.05 or 0.01) . The levels of CK-MB,LDH and cTnI, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio and Flameng score were significantly lower, and 6-keto-PGF1α level, δand NA were significantly higher in Spr and Spo groups than in group I/R ( P < 0.05 or 0.01) . The levels of CKMB, LDH, cTnI and TXB2 , TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, platelet maximum aggregation rate and Flameng score were significantly lower and 6-keto-PGF1α level,δ and NA were significantly higher in group Spr + po than in Spr and Spo groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning-postconditioning can reduce myocardial I/R injury through inhibiting the release of thromboxane A2 and promoting the release of prostaglandin I2 in rats.

Objective To investigate the role of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-310 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 12 each): sham operation group (group S); global cerebral I/R group (group I/R); normal saline group (group NS) and specific ASIC blocker amiloride group (group A). Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of 3 vessels ( 10 min occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries and basilar artery) followed by reperfusion. In group NS and A, NS 6 ml/kg and amiloride 0.6 mg/kg were injected through femoral vein immediately before reperfusion respectively. Six rats in each group were selected, the dialysate in CA1 area was collected before ischemia (baseline), immediately after ischemia and during 20 min reperfusion (once every 10 min) for determination of lactate concentrations. The left 6 rats in each group were elected at 8 h of reperfusion and the open field test and inclined plane test were peeformed to assess neurological behavior.The rats were then sacrificed and brain tissues taken for microscopic examination and brain water content was calculated. Results Compared with group S, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly increased and neurological deficits developed in group I/R and NS (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly decreased and neurological deficits were improved in group A ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in group NS ( P ＞ 0.05). Microscopic examination showed that the damage to the brain tissues was attenuated in group A compared with group I/R. Conclusion ASICs are involved in the development of global cerebral I/R injury in rats.