Small splint external fixation,due to its advantages of low cost,good breathability,easy adjustability,and sufficient flexibility,has been widely used in clinical practice for fracture patients after manual reduction.Compared to plaster external fixation,small splint fixation is associated with fewer cases of pressure ulcers,but the ulcers still occur clinically.This article analyzes the causes of splint-associated pressure ulcers in fracture patients,and introduced the preventive measures and practice experience of Foshan traumatology and bone-setting practitioners in managing such complications.Their preventive strategies include the gentle and bone-following manipulations of pushing skin and squeezing bone,proper shaping of splints,use of soft cotton padding,appropriate tightness in bandage wrapping,and elevation of the affected limb to promote venous return.For patients suffering pressure ulcers,the external application of traumatic medicated yellow oil gauze combined with medicated yellow water gauze for wet compress has shown efficacy.These approaches provide valuable clinical references for reducing the incidence of splint-related pressure ulcers and for guiding the management of pressure ulcers.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical utility of dual-layer detector CT integrated with virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) and an orthopedic metal artifact reduction (O-MAR) algorithm in improving the image quality of patients after lumbar pedicle screw fixation surgery, and to analyze its impact on different types of artifacts and image quality of different tissues.Methods:The study was a prospective study, The study enrolled patients who underwent lumbar pedicle screw fixation at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March and September 2024. All patients underwent lumbar CT scans using a dual-layer detector system, and four image sets were reconstructed. CLumbar routine scans were performed using dual-layer detector CT, and four image sets were reconstructed:onventional images (CI non-O-MAR), conventional images with O-MAR (CI O-MAR), virtual monoenergetic images (VMI non-O-MAR), and VMI with O-MAR (VMI O-MAR). Objective metrics including artifact index (AI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were quantified, alongside subjective image quality assessment. One-way ANOVA or Friedman test were used to compare the objective evaluation indicators of image quality between VMI non-O-MAR and VMI O-MAR at different energy levels. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for CI non-O-MAR/VMI non-O-MAR versus CI O-MAR/VMI O-MAR comparisons. Results:A total of 30 patients were included, and all underwent internal fixation with titanium alloy pedicle screws. Objective analysis revealed that in both high-and low-density artifact regions, the AI values of the VMI O-MAR group decreased with the increase of energy levels, and were significantly lower than those of the corresponding VMI non-O-MAR group, with a statistically significant difference (all P<0.001). When the energy level≥140 keV, the AI value of the VMI O-MAR group was simultaneously lower than that of the CI non-O-MAR group and the CI O-MAR group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The SNR and CNR on the vertebral bodies in the VMI non-O-MAR group and the VMI O-MAR group showed a decreasing trend with increasing energy levels, and were always lower than those in the CI group at high energy levels (100-180 keV) (all P<0.05). At high energy levels (100-180 keV), the SNR of VMI O-MAR in the intervertebral disc and intraspinal tissues was higher than that of the VMI non-O-MAR group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Compared to other groups, subjective analysis indicated that the 140 keV VMI combined with O-MAR group received the highest image quality scores ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The combined application of VMI and O-MAR technology effectively reduces metal artifacts in post-lumbar fixation CT images. The 140 keV VMI with O-MAR reconstruction provides superior image quality and enhances diagnostic confidence.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and safety of different surgical approaches for the treatment of anterior skull base malignancies involving the orbit.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with anterior skull base malignancies involving orbit who attended Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from April 2013 to July 2021. They were divided into endoscopic endonasal approach(EEA), lateral orbital approach(ELOA), and sublabial transmaxillary approach(ESTMA) groups according to the primary surgical approach. One-way analysis of variance and χ 2 test were used to compare the clinical characteristics, degree of tumour resection, rate of postoperative cranial nerve palsy and improvement of visual acuity; Log-rank test was applied to assess the difference in overall survival (OS). Results:One hundred and ninety-eight patients were enrolled, including 107 males and 91 females, aged (48.5±15.3) years. There were 153, 33, and 12 patients in the EEA, ESTMA, and ELOA groups, respectively. There were no significant differences among the three groups in age, gender, and history of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery ( P>0.05 for all). All patients in ELOA group had preoperative visual impairment (12/12), with a significantly higher percentage than EEA group (56/153) and ESTMA group (14/33) ( χ2=19.72, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between three groups in the degree of tumor resection (gross total resection: 84.97% vs. 81.82% vs. 58.33%, χ2=5.58, P>0.05), postoperative cranial nerve palsy rate (13.07% vs. 30.30% vs. 16.67%, χ2=5.95, P>0.05), visual improvement rate (58.93% vs. 57.14% vs. 58.33%, χ2=0.04, P>0.05) and 5-year OS (60.69% vs. 42.66% vs. 50.00%, χ2=3.22, P>0.05). Conclusion:All three surgical approaches were safe, effective and feasible treatment modalities.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical utility of dual-layer detector CT integrated with virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) and an orthopedic metal artifact reduction (O-MAR) algorithm in improving the image quality of patients after lumbar pedicle screw fixation surgery, and to analyze its impact on different types of artifacts and image quality of different tissues.Methods:The study was a prospective study, The study enrolled patients who underwent lumbar pedicle screw fixation at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March and September 2024. All patients underwent lumbar CT scans using a dual-layer detector system, and four image sets were reconstructed. CLumbar routine scans were performed using dual-layer detector CT, and four image sets were reconstructed:onventional images (CI non-O-MAR), conventional images with O-MAR (CI O-MAR), virtual monoenergetic images (VMI non-O-MAR), and VMI with O-MAR (VMI O-MAR). Objective metrics including artifact index (AI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were quantified, alongside subjective image quality assessment. One-way ANOVA or Friedman test were used to compare the objective evaluation indicators of image quality between VMI non-O-MAR and VMI O-MAR at different energy levels. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for CI non-O-MAR/VMI non-O-MAR versus CI O-MAR/VMI O-MAR comparisons. Results:A total of 30 patients were included, and all underwent internal fixation with titanium alloy pedicle screws. Objective analysis revealed that in both high-and low-density artifact regions, the AI values of the VMI O-MAR group decreased with the increase of energy levels, and were significantly lower than those of the corresponding VMI non-O-MAR group, with a statistically significant difference (all P<0.001). When the energy level≥140 keV, the AI value of the VMI O-MAR group was simultaneously lower than that of the CI non-O-MAR group and the CI O-MAR group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The SNR and CNR on the vertebral bodies in the VMI non-O-MAR group and the VMI O-MAR group showed a decreasing trend with increasing energy levels, and were always lower than those in the CI group at high energy levels (100-180 keV) (all P<0.05). At high energy levels (100-180 keV), the SNR of VMI O-MAR in the intervertebral disc and intraspinal tissues was higher than that of the VMI non-O-MAR group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Compared to other groups, subjective analysis indicated that the 140 keV VMI combined with O-MAR group received the highest image quality scores ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The combined application of VMI and O-MAR technology effectively reduces metal artifacts in post-lumbar fixation CT images. The 140 keV VMI with O-MAR reconstruction provides superior image quality and enhances diagnostic confidence.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and safety of different surgical approaches for the treatment of anterior skull base malignancies involving the orbit.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with anterior skull base malignancies involving orbit who attended Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from April 2013 to July 2021. They were divided into endoscopic endonasal approach(EEA), lateral orbital approach(ELOA), and sublabial transmaxillary approach(ESTMA) groups according to the primary surgical approach. One-way analysis of variance and χ 2 test were used to compare the clinical characteristics, degree of tumour resection, rate of postoperative cranial nerve palsy and improvement of visual acuity; Log-rank test was applied to assess the difference in overall survival (OS). Results:One hundred and ninety-eight patients were enrolled, including 107 males and 91 females, aged (48.5±15.3) years. There were 153, 33, and 12 patients in the EEA, ESTMA, and ELOA groups, respectively. There were no significant differences among the three groups in age, gender, and history of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery ( P>0.05 for all). All patients in ELOA group had preoperative visual impairment (12/12), with a significantly higher percentage than EEA group (56/153) and ESTMA group (14/33) ( χ2=19.72, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between three groups in the degree of tumor resection (gross total resection: 84.97% vs. 81.82% vs. 58.33%, χ2=5.58, P>0.05), postoperative cranial nerve palsy rate (13.07% vs. 30.30% vs. 16.67%, χ2=5.95, P>0.05), visual improvement rate (58.93% vs. 57.14% vs. 58.33%, χ2=0.04, P>0.05) and 5-year OS (60.69% vs. 42.66% vs. 50.00%, χ2=3.22, P>0.05). Conclusion:All three surgical approaches were safe, effective and feasible treatment modalities.

Radical cystectomy combined with pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard procedure for the treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer and complex non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Our department has routinely carried out laparoscopic radical cystectomy(ELRC)through the extraperitoneal approach in 340 cases.This article summarizes the establishment of the peritoneal space,the expansion of the peritoneal space,the operation steps of bladder resection and lymph node dissection through the peritoneal channel,and how to shorten the operation time and reduce the difficulty of the operation.During the surgery,the bladder is removed periperitoneally without destroying the peritoneum to preserve the functions of peritoneum support,secretion,protection and lubrication,which has little impact on the abdominal organs,reduces the incidence of complications,and provides favorable conditions for subsequent treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the repair protocols for intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks after endoscopic endonasal clival malignancy resection (EECR) and to analyze the risk factors of surgical complication.Methods:The clinical data of patients who underwent EECR and had intraoperative CSF leaks in XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 2012 and January 2024 were reviewed. The pathological results, imaging data, location of the dural defect, degree of intraoperative CSF leaks, repair materials, complications such as postoperative central nervous system (CNS) infections, types of antibiotics used, bacterial culture and drug sensitivity results, secondary repair, and follow-up results were collected. IBM SPSS 26 software was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the repair. Additionally, statistical analysis was conducted on perioperative complications such as CNS infections.Results:Twenty-eight patients underwent 31 EECR and 36 skull base reconstructions. There were 14 females and 14 males, aged from 4 to 70 years old, with a median of 53 years. For the repair, autologous materials such as free turbinate flap, free nasoseptal flap, pedicled nasoseptal flap, and fascia lata combined with mashed muscle were used. Initial reconstruction was successful in 26 cases, while 5 patients required a second repair, which was also successful. Postoperatively CNS infections occurred in 4 patients, and all of whom were cured. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 146 months, with no delayed CSF leak reported. The infection rate was significantly higher in patients whose first repair failed compared to those whose repair was successful (Fisher exact test, P<0.001). Conclusions:The use of different autologous materials based on the patient′s condition can effectively repair CSF leakage that occurs during EECR. Howerver, the success rate of initial repair requires improvement, as the risk of CNS infection significantly increases after a failed repair..

Objective:To explore the surgical techniques and clinical outcomes of endoscopic transnasal approaches in the treatment of skull base chondrosarcomas. Methods:Data from patients diagnosed with skull base chondrosarcomas and treated via endoscopic transnasal surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, from 2013 to 2022 were collected. This retrospective study analyzed the patients' clinical presentations, histopathological grading, involved sites and extents, and complications following the endoscopic transnasal surgery. Disease-free survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results:Complete data from 31 patients showed that the primary tumor site was in the petroclival region in 27 cases（87%）, and the anterior skull base in 4 cases（13%）. Pathological grades were Grade Ⅰ（12 cases）, Grade Ⅱ（16 cases）, and Grade Ⅲ（3 cases）. Total resection was achieved in 25 cases, with residual disease post-surgery in 6 cases. The average follow-up duration was 35.7 months（ranging from 6 to 120 months）. Among those who achieved complete resection, recurrence occurred in 5 cases（5/25）, with a five-year disease-free survival rate of 80%. Postoperative complications included transient abducens nerve palsy in 6 patients and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in 4 patients. There were no cases of death or permanent cranial nerve palsy. Total resection rate（P=0.001） and involvement of the cerebellopontine angle and jugular foramen（P=0.037） were identified as independent risk factors for residual disease and recurrence of chondrosarcoma. Conclusion:The endoscopic transnasal approach is a safe and feasible treatment option for skull base chondrosarcomas.
Humans ; Chondrosarcoma/surgery* ; Skull Base Neoplasms/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Skull Base/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Disease-Free Survival ; Nose/surgery*

【Objective】 To explore the safety and efficacy of a modified one-piece posterior laparoscopic total nephroureterectomy with cystic sleeve resection in the treatment of upper urinary tract uroepithelial carcinoma (UTUC). 【Methods】 A total of 24 patients treated during Jan. and Jun. 2022 were involved, including 16 males and 8 females, aged 62 to 90 (average 73) years. The UTUC was in the left side in 15 cases, and in the right side in 9 cases. There were 10 cases of renal pelvis tumor, 6 cases of upper ureteral tumor and 8 cases of lower ureteral tumor. 【Results】 All operations were successful without conversion to open surgery. The operation time ranged from 60 to 100 minutes, average (71.25±9.80) minutes. The intraoperative bleeding volume was 20 to 200 mL, average (30.03±8.13) mL. No significant intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. The postoperative hospital stay was 4 to 7 days, average (5.83±1.44) days. Bladder perfusion chemotherapy was performed after surgery. 【Conclusion】 The modified one-piece posterior laparoscopic total nephroureterectomy plus cystic sleeve resection for UTUC is an effective and feasible procedure with satisfactory tumor control, which is worth further promotion in clinical practice.

Objective:To summarize the combined rehabilitation nursing process of a case of voice and deglutition disorders following surgical removal of intra-and extracranial schwannoma in the jugular foramen area.Methods:A case of hoarseness and dysphagia after surgery for intracranial and extracranial schwannomas in the left jugular foramen region in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in October 2020 was collected. Early step-wise voice training assisted by respiratory muscles and tongue muscle exercises was carried out, electronic laryngoscope-based breathing and swallowing methods, assessment of food and bite-size, maintenance of food consistency with the assistance of chewing times, and swallowing and ingestion guidance for the update of dietary methods were performed. The continuous rehabilitation training was provided throughout the process.Results:The grade of GRBAS scale decreased from G3 to G2 after training from home for 3 months following discharge; the voice handicap index of Chinese version reduced from 75 points to 52 points, and the average pronunciation time extended from 2.45 s to 5.32 s. The frequency of choking with food optimized from 0.4 to 0.5 times/min to no choking.Conclusions:Early rehabilitation training of voice and, swallowing and ingestion is a boon for the recovery of hoarseness and dysphagia after resection of schwannomas in the jugular foramen region.