This article discussed, in the following three aspeccts, the standing of occlusion, gnathology and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in stomatology. And meanwhile highlighted the important meanings for every stomatologists. Firstly, from the history of dentistry or stomatology, the establishment of occlusion and gnathology drived the transformation of dentistry from a craft practice into an independent profession and discipline. Secondly, from the evolution of occlusion, jaw, and TMJ, this article clarified the distinctiveness and uniqueness of occlusion, jaw and TMJ that made modern human beings the most highly endowed. Thirdly, teeth and other oral organs not only have masticatory and digestive functions but also possess more complex social functions. Stomatognathic system is a more accurate conception than oral organs which is usually called. The conception of stomatognathic system gives a clearer sense of wholeness and more beneficial for accurate diagnosis and treatment of occlusion-related diseases as well as temporomandibular disorders. Finally, the author introduced five common examples regarding medical care and patient-doctor relationships in order to further emphasize the significance of the study of occlusion, gnathology and TMJ. It is necessary for not only general stomatoloaists but also other dental specialists in stomatology to clearly understand the principal theories and proficiently master the management capability on occlusion, gnathology and temporomandibular disorders.

Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Oral Medicine

Aneurysm, False ; surgery ; Aorta ; surgery ; Behcet Syndrome ; surgery ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical manifestations, epidemiological features, pathogens, treatment and outcomes of 112 patients with infectious endocarditis.

METHODSThe clinical data were reviewed for all the patients with the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis in Nanfang Hospital over the period from 2002 to 2012.

RESULTSThe average age of disease onset was 46∓17.1 years among these cases. Seventy patients (62.5%) had underlying cardiac conditions, including, in the order of frequency, rheumatic heart disease, congenital cardiovascular anomalies, and senile valve degeneration. Clinically the patients presented with fever, anemia, congestive heart failure, and embolism events, etc. Echocardiography found endocardial neoplasms in 105 cases, and the mitral valve was often involved. Blood culture yielded positive results in 61 cases, and the most common causative bacteria were Streptococcus (20.5%), Staphylococcus (19.6%) and Enterococcus (5.4%). Surgical intervention was performed in 78 cases. Ninety-one patients were cured or improved after comprehensive treatment, and 10 discontinued treatment for financial reasons; 11 died of cardiac failure (8 cases), pulmonary embolism (2 cases) and central nervous system events (1 case).

CONCLUSIONInfectious endocarditis shows a significant change in the clinical profiles and its mortality remains high despite improved diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the phonological characteristics of patients with functional speech problems. Methods Ninety patients with functional speech problems were classified by speech analysis. All types of speech problems were analyzed. Results The functional speech problems can be categorized as unaspiration, palatalization, lateralization, fronting of tongue, backing of tongue, plosion, omission of consonants, glottal stop, affrication and backing of tongue and nasalization. Backing of tongue and nasalization was only related to the consonant l, and the unaspiration was often related to such consonants as p, t, k, q, c, ch. Conclusion The functional speech problems were related to consonants. There was regularity with the involvement of the consonants in different types of functional speech problems.

Objective To study the blood flow dynamic c hanges after mitral valve replacement(MVR) operation in patients with mitral valve stenosis by color Doppler echocardiography. Methods Thirty-seven- patients with mitral stenosis after MVR operation were analyzed with color Doppler echocardiography retrospectively, the observed items including dimension of left atrium, tricuspid valve backflow velocity, pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PAPS) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).Relativity analysis was conducted between PAPS and trans-mitral valve pressure(MV?P). Results All the patients survived healthy, the average follow-up time was 15.8- months. The follow-up data suggested that the dimension of left atrium, tricuspid valve backflow velocity and PAPS decreased significantly while LVEF increased significantly to the pre-operation. PAPS was in positive correlation with MV?P and the difference between PAPS and MV?P increased according to MV?P.Conclusions MVR can ameliorate flow dynamics effectively in patients with mitral stenosis, PAPS is in positive correlation with MV?P, senior stenosis existed within pulmonary circulation in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension.

OBJECTIVETo investigate an available method for quantitative diagnosis of zygomatic fractures to quantitatively classify and diagnose the deformities of zygomatic fractures.

METHODSTraditional X-ray, two and three dimensional CT images of 96 patients with zygomatic fractures were measured and analysed by computer-assisted measuring system before and after operation to diagnose the displacement and deformity of the fractures.

RESULTS1. Using anthropology points and computer assisted measuring system, a new method was established to assess the displacement of the zygomatic fractures. 2. Displacement of the zygomatic fractures was approximately diagnosed by measuring different angle of 3D CT photographs. 3. A classification was proposed based on the deformities of the zygomatic fractures.

CONCLUSIONSComputer-assisted 3D CT measuring system is accurate, reliable and feasible in clinic for diagnosing zygomatic fractures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Zygomatic Fractures ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate a new treatment method for temporomandibular joint acute disk displacement without reduction.

METHODSTwenty-one patients diagnosed as acute anterior disk displacement without reduction were treated by manipulation with the aid of joint cavity extension followed by anterior repositioning splint. All and eleven of twenty-one patients were re-examined two weeks after insertion of splint and at the end of treatment (3 approximately 6 months later).

RESULTS(1) Degree of maximum mouth opening was increased from 25.8 mm before treatment to 46.6 mm 2 weeks after, 48.1 mm at the end of treatment; (2) Mean pain level (VAS) dropped from 2.62 before treatment to 0.43 2 weeks after, 0.18 at the end of treatment; (3) Fricton's TMJ dysfunction index and craniomandibular index decreased from 0.337 and 0.185 respectively before treatment to 0.021 and 0.011 respectively 2 weeks after, 0.031 and 0.018 respectively at the end of treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe treatment method should be considered for acute anterior disk displacement without reduction if medication and physical therapy failed to have disk successfully reduced.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; therapy ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; Splints ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; therapy

Computer-Aided Design ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; methods ; Humans ; Oral Medicine ; methods ; Research Design ; Technology, Dental ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the activities of head, neck and upper trunk muscles with mandibular movement in normal adults.

METHODSThe integral data of surface electromyography (EMG) had been recorded to analyze the activities of anterior temporal (Ta), posterior temporal (Tp), sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius (TRAP) muscles with mandibular movement in ten normal adults.

RESULTSThe former mentioned muscles acted constantly when the mandible was in the rest position. The activities of Ta, Tp and SCM muscles increased with protrusion of mandible, mouth opening, tapping, maximum clenching, and chewing movements. The amplitudes of the increased activity of these muscles were correlated significantly with each other. When the activities of Ta and Tp muscles increased to 56 times and 25 times respectively, the activity of SCM muscle increased to 5 - 6 times. The activity of trapezius muscle increased with protrusion of mandible and opening movement, but tended to stop with the maximum clenching and chewing movement. The correlations of left and right sides of the same muscles had been found.

CONCLUSIONSThe muscles of head, neck and upper trunk can act as contributors to keep the mandibular positions and take part in the mandibular movements.

Adult ; Electromyography ; Female ; Head Movements ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; physiology ; Mastication ; physiology ; Movement ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Neck Muscles ; physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; physiology ; Temporomandibular Joint ; physiology