Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is cell-free DNA released by tumors or circulating tumor cells, containing abundant tumor-specific information that can serve as biomarkers for cancer early screening, monitoring, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. This is particularly attractive in the field of gastric cancer, where high-quality screening, monitoring, and prediction methods are currently lacking. Gastric cancer exhibits significant tumor heterogeneity, with large differences in genetic and epigenetic characteristics among different subgroups. Methylated ctDNA has high sensitivity and specificity, which can help clarify tumor genotyping and facilitate the formulation of precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, numerous studies have confirmed the unique advantages of methylated DNA in predicting treatment response, adjuvant therapy, and drug resistance assessment, which may be used in the future to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy regimens and improve patient chemotherapeutic response, and even treat multidrug resistance. However, there are several challenges associated with methylated ctDNA, such as low sensitivity and specificity at single-target sites, limited association between some gastric cancer subtypes and ctDNA, off-target risks, and the lack of large-scale and high-quality clinical research evidence. This review mainly summarizes current research on the methylation status of ctDNA in gastric cancer and connects these findings to early screening, recurrence monitoring, and potential treatment opportunities for gastric cancer. With advances in technology and the deepening of interdisciplinary research, ctDNA detection will reveal more disease information and become an essential foundation for gastric cancer research and precision medicine treatment.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is cell-free DNA released by tumors or circulating tumor cells, containing abundant tumor-specific information that can serve as biomarkers for cancer early screening, monitoring, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. This is particularly attractive in the field of gastric cancer, where high-quality screening, monitoring, and prediction methods are currently lacking. Gastric cancer exhibits significant tumor heterogeneity, with large differences in genetic and epigenetic characteristics among different subgroups. Methylated ctDNA has high sensitivity and specificity, which can help clarify tumor genotyping and facilitate the formulation of precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, numerous studies have confirmed the unique advantages of methylated DNA in predicting treatment response, adjuvant therapy, and drug resistance assessment, which may be used in the future to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy regimens and improve patient chemotherapeutic response, and even treat multidrug resistance. However, there are several challenges associated with methylated ctDNA, such as low sensitivity and specificity at single-target sites, limited association between some gastric cancer subtypes and ctDNA, off-target risks, and the lack of large-scale and high-quality clinical research evidence. This review mainly summarizes current research on the methylation status of ctDNA in gastric cancer and connects these findings to early screening, recurrence monitoring, and potential treatment opportunities for gastric cancer. With advances in technology and the deepening of interdisciplinary research, ctDNA detection will reveal more disease information and become an essential foundation for gastric cancer research and precision medicine treatment.

Objective: To investigate the expression of Flotillin-2 (Flot-2) protein in gastric cancer tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Methods: 112 samples of gastric cancer tissue and the corresponding paracancerous tissue that resected at the gastrointestinal surgery department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between January 2009 andApril 2010 were collected for this study. The expression of Flot-2 protein in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The survival data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank test, and the survival curve was plotted. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between Flot-2 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of GC patients. Results: In gastric cancer tissues, Flot-2 was primary stained in cytoplasm. Level of Flot-2 was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with that in paracancerous tissues (53.57% vs 46.43%, P<0.05). Expression of Flot-2 in tumor tissues was significantly associated with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and AJCC stage (all P<0.01), but not with gender, age, differentiation degree and tumor location (P>0.05). Moreover, survival analysis showed that the overall survival of patients with low Flot-2 expression was significantly higher than that of the patients with high level (P<0.01). Cox regression analysis indicated that distant metastasis, AJCC stage and Flot-2 expression were the independent risk factors for the prognosis of GC patients. Conclusion: Flot-2 protein was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and closely correlated with the poor prognosis of GC patients; Flot-2 is an independent risk factor for GC prognosis and may be served as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the distribution and susceptibility patterns of common uropathogens causing community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in Beijing.MethodsA total of 300non-duplicate isolates were randomly collected from 3 hospitals in Beijing between Jan,1 2010 and Mar,312011.Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution methods,which were performed and interpreted according to the guidelines established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).A panel of 8 antimicrobial agents were tested:amikacin,cefaclor,cefepime,cefoperazone/sulbactam,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. Fosfomycin trometamol MICs were determined by the agar-dilution method in cation-adjusted MH agar supplemented with glucose 6-phosphate at a concentration of 25 mg/L as detailed in the guidelines issued by 2010 CLSI. All the Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis strains were screened and confirmed by double-disk synergy test for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs).Results Among the organisms cultured,E.coli wasthepredominantpathogen(65.0％ ), followedby Enterococcus(11.7％ ),Staphylococcus( 6.3％ ), Klebsiella pneumoniae( 5. 3％ ), Proteus mirabilis( 4. 7％ ), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.0％).Lower susceptibility rates to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (31.4％ -47.4％ ) were observed among all the stains.Amikacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam,nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin trometamol were the most active drugs (92.1％,92.1％,88.4％ and 87.9％ susceptible strains,respectively) among the Gram-negative strains.Isolates of Staphylococcus were highly sensitive to amikacin ( 100.0％ ),cefoperazone/sulbactam (94.7％),nitrofurantoin ( 100.0％ ).Higher susceptibility rates to nitrofurantoin (91.4％) and fosfomycin trometamol (90.0％) were observed in Enterococcus.ESBLs-producing strains accounted for 52.3％ (102/195) in E.coli,43.8％ (7/16) in K.pneumoniae and 14.3％(2/14) in P.mirabilis,respectively.ConclusionsResistance is most common to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin of all the stains.Currently,the most appropriate agents for the empirical management of uncomplicated UTI seems to be amikacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam,nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin trometamol.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of anus-preserving rectectomy by using telescopic anastomosis of colon and rectal mucosa for the middle and lower rectal cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 402 cases with middle and lower rectal cancer undergoing telescopic anastomosis for anus-preserving procedure, including 241 males and 161 females, age ranging from 21 to 99 years, averaging at 55. 7 years. The distal margins of the tumors were within 6 - 9 cm to anal verge. According to TNM staging, there were 123 cases in Stage Ⅰ , 244 cases in Stage Ⅱ , 31 cases in Stage Ⅲ,and 4 cases in Stage Ⅳ. Results 345(345/402, 85. 8% ) cases were followed up, the median time of the follow-up was 6. 1 years. Postoperative complications included 17(4.2%) cases of stomal leakage, 11(2.7% ) cases of stomal stenosis. All patients recovered normal defecating function 12-24 weeks post operation. Local recurrence rate was 6. 3% (22/345). Hepatic and lung metastasis was 13. 6% (47/345) and 2. 6% (9/345)respectively. The five year survival rate was 68. 7% (112/163). Conclusions Anuspreserving rectectomy by using telescopic anastomosis is safe and effective procedure to treat middle and lower rectal cancer, with the preservation of anal function and without the increasing rate of local recurrence.

Circular dichroism (CD) is an useful technique for monitoring DNA conformation changes resulting from changes in environmental conditions, such as temperature, ionic strength, and pH, and also for the study of the interaction between DNA and ligands (including small molecules and proteins). CD spectroscopy of DNA arises from the asymmetric backbone sugars and by the helical structures often adopted by nucleic acids. By the interpretation of induced circular dichroism (ICD) of ligand signals resulting from the coupling of electric transition moments of the ligand, DNA bases within the asymmetric DNA environment, ligand-DNA interactions, as well as the DNA-binding mode can be assessed. A number of important conclusions have been reported that related to the observed ICD signals resulting from the interactions between intercalators and groove binders with DNA. If short oligonucleotide sequences are used in the study, sequences-specific of binding also can be deduced. CD determination requires smaller amounts of sample, and not limited by the molecular weight or size and can be performed rapidly; though CD is of low resolution, but it's a complement to NMR and X-ray diffraction methods. This review will introduce the characters of the CD spectra of DNA, and its application to the studies of DNA with small molecules; some progress of the studies in our laboratory will also be discussed. CD is expected to be used as a screening method in seeking more DNA-targeted drugs, such as, antineoplastic, antimicrobial and antiviral drugs.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of the formulae for calming the liver and suppressing YANG in migraine rat model with syndrome of hyperactivity of the liver-YANG.Methods A rat model of migraine with hyperactivity of liver-YANG was established through electrical trigeminal ganglion stimulation and syndrome of oral administration of Fuzi decoction. The total proteins of the lymphocyte in the rats were separated by immobilized pH gradient-based 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE), and the 2-DE image was analyzed by PDQuest 7.0 software. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionzation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and the SWISS-PORT and MSDB database were used to identify differential proteins.Results The formulae for calming the liver and suppressing YANG could also improve headache. Well-resolution and reproducible 2-DE patterns of rat lymphocyte from normal, model, and therapy tissues were obtained. Eleven of the total 13 differential protein spots were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. These proteins were alcohol dehydrogenase 3(ADH3), glycogen phosphorylase, ATP synthase D chain, annexin-3, ubiquitin, neutrophil defensin 4 precursor, melanoma-associated antigen E2, heat shock protein-27, annexin-A1, peroxirdoxin-Ⅱ, MU class glutathione S-transferase (Fragment)(GSH). Conclusion Differences occur in the expression of lymphocyte proteins in migraine rats with syndrome of hyperactivity of liver-YANG after treatment with the formulae for calming the liver and suppressing YANG, and the 11 identified protein spots may be associated with its mechanism.

To observe the efficacy of herbs for calming liver and suppressing liver-yang in treatment of migraine patients with hyperactivity of liver-yang syndrome and to investigate its effects on the lymphocyte protein expression. This approach may lay a foundation for the further investigation of pathogenic mechanisms in migraine with hyperactive liver-yang syndrome and the curative mechanisms of calming liver and suppressing liver-yang treatment.

Objective To study clinical therapeutic effects of anus-preserving operation with resecting anal intersphincter to treat ultra-low rectal cancer through abdominal cavity. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 52 cases of ultra-low rectal cancer, with the inferior border of the cancers within 2 cm to anocutaneous line or 5 cm to the edge of anus treated by anus-preserving operation with resecting archos internal sphincter muscles through abdominal cavity and anus. There were 29 males, and 23 females, with age 28 to 76 years old, averaging 56. 3 years old. The inferior border of the cancer were within 4 cm to the edge of anus in 18 cases, including 6 cases of adenoma cancerization, and 5 cm to the anus in 34 cases. Pathologic diagnosis was well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in 21 cases, moderately differentiated in 29 cases, low differentiated in 2 cases, there were 6 cases with adenoma cancerization. 28 cases were Dukes A stage, and 24 B stage. Results The follow-up rate was 88. 4% (46/52), and the median time was 5.9 years. 2 case developed stoma leak (3.8%), and 3 developed stoma stenosis(5.7% ) after operation. The anus could roughly control defecation in 6 ～ 12 mouths after operation. The local recurrence rate was 5.7%, and the 5-year-survival rate was 72.7%. Conclusion By anus-preserving operation with resecting archos internal sphincter muscles, defecation controlling was well reserved by anus, and the 5-year-survival rate was not cut down. This operation is one of the safe and effective operations of anus-preserving procedure.

Objective To evaluate the long-term results of extended parietal cell vagotomy (EPCV) for the treatment of acutely perforated duodenal ulcer. Methods EPCV was performed on 239 patients. Results were analyzed retrospectively. Results Follow up was made on 203 out of 239 patients (84.9%). There was no operative mortality. Inhospital complications included injury to the spleen in 4 cases (1.7%), adhesive ileus in 6(2.5%), acute diarrhea in 3 (1.3%), and postprandial epigastric distention in 18 (7.5%). Long-term complications included epigastric pain and sour regurgitation in 16 cases(7.8%), enterolysis in 4(1.9%), duodenal bulb allaxis in 39(18.2%), chronic gastritis in 21(10.3%), and recurrent ulcer in 6(2.9%). Basic acid output, maximal acid output and peak acid output decreased by 84.7%, 60.0%, and 58.0% respectively(all P