Early identification of adolescent depression requires objective biomarkers. This study investigated the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) activation patterns and mismatch negativity (MMN) characteristics in adolescents with first-episode mild-to-moderate depression. We enrolled 33 patients and 33 matched healthy controls, measuring oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentration in the frontal cortex during verbal fluency tasks via fNIRS, and recording MMN latency/amplitude at Fz/Cz electrodes using event-related potentials (ERP). Compared with healthy controls, the depression group showed significantly prolonged MMN latency [Fz: (227.88 ± 31.08) ms vs. (208.70 ± 25.35) ms, P < 0.01; Cz: (223.73 ± 29.03) ms vs. (204.18 ± 22.43) ms, P < 0.01], and obviously reduced Fz amplitude [(2.42 ± 2.18) μV vs. (5.65 ± 5.59) μV, P = 0.03]. A significant positive correlation was observed between MMN latencies at Fz and Cz electrodes ( P < 0.01). Oxy-Hb in left frontopolar prefrontal channels (CH15/17) was significantly decreased in patient group ( P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that adolescents with depression exhibit hypofunction in the left prefrontal cortex and impaired automatic sensory processing. The combined application of fNIRS and ERP techniques may provide an objective basis for early clinical identification.
Humans ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods* ; Adolescent ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology* ; Evoked Potentials/physiology* ; Depression/physiopathology* ; Female ; Male ; Oxyhemoglobins ; Electroencephalography

Objective:To investigate relationship between expression of ADGRG5 and clinical prognosis and immune response in pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD).Methods:ADGRG5 expression in PAAD and normal tissues were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test.Diagnostic value of ADGRG5 was evaluated by ROC curve in PAAD.Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regres-sion analysis were used to evaluate prognostic factors.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)and immune infiltration analysis were applied to annotate biological function of ADGRG5.Results:ADGRG5 expression in PAAD was significantly higher than normal tissue(P=2.8e-32).ADGRG5 had significant diagnostic and prognostic ability for PAAD(AUC=0.866).High ADGRG5 expression predicted a good progress free interval(PFI)(P=0.01),and expression of ADGRG5 was independently associated with PFI(HR:0.656,95%CI:0.433～0.972,P=0.035).ADGRG5 expression was related to regulation of immunomodulatory pathway and function of some types of immune infiltrating cells.Conclusion:Increased ADGRG5 may be a potential biomarker for PAAD diagnosis and prognosis,which affects prognosis of PAAD patients and significantly correlated with immune infiltration.

This study summarizes Professor Qin Zhenhua's clinical experience in treating cutaneous pruritus using a modified self-prescribed formula,Yinqiao Xingzi Decoction.Following the viewpoints from the classical Chinese medical literature and after years of clinical practice,Professor Qin proposes that the onset of cutaneous pruritus is often associated with the attack of exogenous pathogens,disharmony of qi and blood,or debility due to prolonged illness.The disease primarily involves the skin,with the fundamental pathogenesis of pathogens stagnating in the muscular superficies.Clinically,the treatment is frequently conducted from the perspective of fire-heat syndrome,and the therapeutic methods of clearing heat and removing toxins,releasing muscles and dispersing pathogens from the superficies,and dispelling wind to relieve itching are utilized.The approaches aim to cool heat in the blood,expel pathogens from the muscular layer,eliminate heat for stopping itching,and extinguish wind for calming the skin.The basic prescription,Yinqiao Xingzi Decoction(composed of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Forsythiae Fructus,Armeniacae Semen Amarum,Arnebiae Radix,Tribuli Fructus,Dictamni Cortex,Kochiae Fructus,and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),is used by modification depending on the predominance of pathogenic factors of wind,heat,dryness,or dampness-toxins,and according to the various syndromes like blood-heat,yin deficiency,or qi-blood deficiency.Yinqiao Xingzi Decoction is applicable to cutaneous pruritus with the most of clinical common syndrome types,but it is unsuitable for cases caused by yang deficiency or qi stagnation with blood stasis.

Objective:To investigate relationship between expression of ADGRG5 and clinical prognosis and immune response in pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD).Methods:ADGRG5 expression in PAAD and normal tissues were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test.Diagnostic value of ADGRG5 was evaluated by ROC curve in PAAD.Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regres-sion analysis were used to evaluate prognostic factors.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)and immune infiltration analysis were applied to annotate biological function of ADGRG5.Results:ADGRG5 expression in PAAD was significantly higher than normal tissue(P=2.8e-32).ADGRG5 had significant diagnostic and prognostic ability for PAAD(AUC=0.866).High ADGRG5 expression predicted a good progress free interval(PFI)(P=0.01),and expression of ADGRG5 was independently associated with PFI(HR:0.656,95%CI:0.433～0.972,P=0.035).ADGRG5 expression was related to regulation of immunomodulatory pathway and function of some types of immune infiltrating cells.Conclusion:Increased ADGRG5 may be a potential biomarker for PAAD diagnosis and prognosis,which affects prognosis of PAAD patients and significantly correlated with immune infiltration.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for recurrence of benign vocal cord lesions after microsurgery.Methods:The clinical data of 2 214 patients with benign vocal cord lesions who underwent laryngeal microsurgery at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from April 2013 to April 2022 were collected. The data, including sex, age, drinking history, smoking history, unilateral and bilateral lesions, and diagnosis, were recorded. These patients were divided into six groups according to admission diagnosis: polyps, Reinke's edema, leukoplakia, granulomas, cysts, and other benign lesions. All patients were followed up for 0-115 months, with a median follow-up time of 55 months. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to determine whether there was any difference in the recurrence rate of benign vocal cord lesions among groups after surgical treatment. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for the recurrence of benign vocal cord lesions after surgical treatment.Results:Out of the 2 214 patients, there were 1 953 cases of polyps (88.21%), 41 cases of granulomas (1.85%), 67 cases of cysts (3.03%), 87 cases of leukoplakia (3.93%), 34 cases of Reinke's edema (1.54%), and 32 cases of other benign lesions (1.45%). The recurrence rate for benign vocal cord lesions was 4.86% (95/1 953) in the polyp group, 31.70% (13/41) in the granuloma group, 14.94% (13/87) in the leukoplakia group, 2.98% (2/67) in the cysts group, 8.82% (3/34) in the Reinke's edema group, and 9.37% (3/32) in the other benign lesions group. Univariate analysis showed that bilateral lesions (95% CI 6.899-17.289, P < 0.001), smoking history (95% CI 1.282-2.564, P = 0.001), and alcohol consumption (95% CI 1.173-2.346, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with the recurrence of benign vocal cord lesions. The recurrence rate for benign vocal cord lesions in the leukoplakia group (95% CI 1.375-27.011, P = 0.017) and granuloma group (95% CI 3.053-60.980, P = 0.001) was significantly higher than that in the cysts group. Multivariate analysis of the risk factors for postoperative recurrence of benign vocal cord lesions showed that patients who had bilateral lesions (95% CI 6.680-16.900, P < 0.001) and a history of smoking (95% CI 1.572-16.157, P = 0.007) had a higher risk of recurrence of benign vocal cord lesions compared with those without bilateral lesions and a history of smoking. Granulomas were found to be significantly associated with postoperative recurrence of benign vocal cord lesions (95% CI 4.691-97.667, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Bilateral lesions and smoking are independent risk factors for the recurrence of benign vocal cord lesions after microsurgery. Granuloma is strongly associated with the postoperative recurrence of benign vocal cord lesions.

Objective:To detect and study the genetic evolution and biological characteristics of the first imported Zika virus (ZIKV) in a suspected case from Singapore to Sichuan Tianfu airport for inbound transfer on June 28, 2024, and so to provide reference for prevention and control of ZIKV disease.Methods:Serum sample was collected from the inbound transfer passenger, we detected ZIKV RNA using real-time RT-PCR method. The whole genome sequence was obtained through target next-generation sequencing (tNGS). CLC Genomics Workbench software was used for sequence analysis and splicing, and MEGA 7.0 software was used for phylogenetic tree construction.Results:Real-time RT-PCR result showed that the serum sample was positive. The phylogenetic tree which was constructed based on the whole genome sequence of ZIKV indicated the Sichuan strain was located on Asian lineage. Gene homology analysis showed that the homology between Sichuan strain and Asian, African strains ranged from 84.4%-98.6%. The Sichuan strain showed unique molecular features of 139S, 982V and 2634M.Conclusions:The ZIKV strain in Sichuan inbound transfer passenger in June 2024 belongs to the Asian lineage, which agrees with the epidemiological investigation outcome.

Objective:To detect and study the genetic evolution and biological characteristics of the first imported Zika virus (ZIKV) in a suspected case from Singapore to Sichuan Tianfu airport for inbound transfer on June 28, 2024, and so to provide reference for prevention and control of ZIKV disease.Methods:Serum sample was collected from the inbound transfer passenger, we detected ZIKV RNA using real-time RT-PCR method. The whole genome sequence was obtained through target next-generation sequencing (tNGS). CLC Genomics Workbench software was used for sequence analysis and splicing, and MEGA 7.0 software was used for phylogenetic tree construction.Results:Real-time RT-PCR result showed that the serum sample was positive. The phylogenetic tree which was constructed based on the whole genome sequence of ZIKV indicated the Sichuan strain was located on Asian lineage. Gene homology analysis showed that the homology between Sichuan strain and Asian, African strains ranged from 84.4%-98.6%. The Sichuan strain showed unique molecular features of 139S, 982V and 2634M.Conclusions:The ZIKV strain in Sichuan inbound transfer passenger in June 2024 belongs to the Asian lineage, which agrees with the epidemiological investigation outcome.

Objective To assess whether pregnancy affects the survival of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC), compared with non-PABC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of PABC patients.PABC cases and non-PABC cases were matched with 1:2 according to T stage, molecular classification, age of onset and year of diagnosis.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate DFS and OS, and Log rank test was used for comparison.Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors that affect the prognosis of PABC. Results We enrolled 35 patients in the PABC group (pregnancy: 10;postpartum: 25), and 70 patients in the non-PABC group.The median follow-up time was 68.5 and 70.7 months, respectively.The 5-year DFS was 51.6% in the PABC group, and that of the non-PABC group was 72.8%(χ²=4.72, P=0.029);the 5-year OS of the PABC group and the non-PABC group were similar (χ²=1.769, P=0.183).Cox regression analysis showed that pregnancy was an independent risk factor for DFS of PABC patients (P=0.011). Conclusion Patients with breast cancer during pregnancy have a higher risk of recurrence.Further research is necessary to diagnose pregnancy-associated breast cancer earlier and adopt measures to improve the curative effect.

Objective:To discuss the influence of high load and weightlessness environment on intervertebral disc by observing and analyzing the imaging changes of the spines in New Zealand white rabbits and the content changes of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) in the intervertebral disc under high load and weightlessness environment, and to provide theoretical basis for prevention and delay of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration under high load and weightlessness environment.Methods:A total of 120 New Zealand white rabbits with balanced age and body weight were randomly and averagely divided into control groups (further grouped by 30 d, 60 d and 90 d) and high load/weightlessness groups (further grouped by 30 d, 60 d and 90 d) with residual single-blind method. High load was simulated by animal centrifuge and weightlessness was simulated by tail suspension. The imaging changes and the positive expression rates of MMP1, MMP3 and TIMP1 in intervertebral disc were detected, and the statistical differences between the high load/weightlessness group and the control group in different time periods were compared, as well as among the different exposure time in load/weightlessness groups.Results:From the imaging observation, the T2-weighted images of lumbar 6 sacral 1 intervertebral disc in experimental animals decreased to some extent. The positive rates of MMP1 and MMP3 in each high load/weightlessness group were higher than those in the control group for the same exposure time, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=22.97-145.51,all P<0.001). The positive rates of MMP1 and MMP3 increased with the extension of exposure time, and there were statistically differences among the groups with different exposure time in high load/weightlessness group ( F=2531.10, 1758.80, both P<0.001). The positive rate of TIMP1 in each high load/weightlessness group was higher than that in the control group for the same exposure time, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=29.34-65.05, all P<0.001). There was statistically difference on TIMP1 positive rate among different load/weightlessness exposure time groups ( F=462.20, P<0.001). Conclusions:High load/weightlessness can cause the MMP1, MMP3 and TIMP1 content changes in animal lumbar disc. The changes of TIMP1 are obvious in the early stage and the sensitivity is decreased in the late stage. High load/weightlessness may lead to changes in the contents of MMP and TIMP in intervertebral discs, which may accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration.

Objective:To discuss the influence of high load and weightlessness environment on intervertebral disc by observing and analyzing the imaging changes of the spines in New Zealand white rabbits and the content changes of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) in the intervertebral disc under high load and weightlessness environment, and to provide theoretical basis for prevention and delay of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration under high load and weightlessness environment.Methods:A total of 120 New Zealand white rabbits with balanced age and body weight were randomly and averagely divided into control groups (further grouped by 30 d, 60 d and 90 d) and high load/weightlessness groups (further grouped by 30 d, 60 d and 90 d) with residual single-blind method. High load was simulated by animal centrifuge and weightlessness was simulated by tail suspension. The imaging changes and the positive expression rates of MMP1, MMP3 and TIMP1 in intervertebral disc were detected, and the statistical differences between the high load/weightlessness group and the control group in different time periods were compared, as well as among the different exposure time in load/weightlessness groups.Results:From the imaging observation, the T2-weighted images of lumbar 6 sacral 1 intervertebral disc in experimental animals decreased to some extent. The positive rates of MMP1 and MMP3 in each high load/weightlessness group were higher than those in the control group for the same exposure time, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=22.97-145.51,all P<0.001). The positive rates of MMP1 and MMP3 increased with the extension of exposure time, and there were statistically differences among the groups with different exposure time in high load/weightlessness group ( F=2531.10, 1758.80, both P<0.001). The positive rate of TIMP1 in each high load/weightlessness group was higher than that in the control group for the same exposure time, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=29.34-65.05, all P<0.001). There was statistically difference on TIMP1 positive rate among different load/weightlessness exposure time groups ( F=462.20, P<0.001). Conclusions:High load/weightlessness can cause the MMP1, MMP3 and TIMP1 content changes in animal lumbar disc. The changes of TIMP1 are obvious in the early stage and the sensitivity is decreased in the late stage. High load/weightlessness may lead to changes in the contents of MMP and TIMP in intervertebral discs, which may accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration.