Objective:To retrieve and summarize the evidence for postoperative observation time and bed rest time in patients undergoing percutaneous renal biopsy, so as to provide evidence-based basis for postoperative nursing of patients undergoing percutaneous renal biopsy.Methods:Using search terms such as "renal biopsy" and "renal puncture", based on the "6S" evidence resource pyramid model, evidence on postoperative observation time and bed rest time of percutaneous renal biopsy patients, including guidelines, best practice information books, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, expert consensus, and original research, was systematically searched on various guideline websites, evidence-based databases, original research databases, and professional association websites both domestically and internationally. The search period was from database establishment to July 1, 2023. After independent evaluation of the included literature by two researchers, evidence was extracted and summarized from the literature that met the quality standards.Results:A total of nine articles were included, including one guideline, five cohort studies, and three cross-sectional studies. This study summarized six best pieces of evidence from two aspects, namely postoperative observation time and postoperative bed rest time. For patients with low risk of complications after percutaneous renal biopsy, it was recommended to observe for 6 to 8 hours after surgery, but further shortening the observation time to 4 to 5 hours may also be safe and sufficient. For patients with high risk of complications after percutaneous renal biopsy, those living far from the hospital, those living alone, or those who may experience significant psychological stress after biopsy, it was recommended to extend the observation time to up to 24 hours.Conclusions:Based on existing evidence, it seems feasible to shorten the bed rest time after percutaneous renal biopsy. A large amount of high-quality research is still needed to explore the optimal postoperative bed rest time.

Objective To investigate the protective and treatment role of ulinastatin(UTI)on con-trast-induced acute kidney injury(CIAKI)in the elderly with coronary heart disease(CHD)and chronic kidney diseases(CKD).Methods A total of 321 elderly CHD inpatients complicated with CKD undergoing coronary angiography admitted in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA Gen-eral Hospital from November 2021 to November 2022 were enrolled consecutively and then divid-ed into UTI group(n=161)and hydration group(n=160).Their cardiac and renal function pa-rameters were collected and analyzed before and 2 d after intervention.The changes in above pa-rameters and incidence of CIAK were observed and compared between the two groups.Results In 2 d after intervention,the UTI group had significantly lower Scr,urea,CysC,homocysteine and NT-proBNP,but higher eGFR than the hydration group(P＜0.01).There were 62 patients(62/321,19.3％)developing CIAKI,including 17 from the UTI group and 45 from the hydration group,and statistical difference was observed in the incidence(10.6％vs 28.1％,P＜0.01).For the patients with comorbidities of hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia,the incidence of CIAKI was obviously lower in the UTI group than the hydration group(P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that UTI was an independent protective factor for occurrence of CIAKI(OR=0.348,95％CI:0.180-0.673,P=0.001).Conclusion UTI can im-prove renal function and reduce the risk of CIAKI in elderly CHD patients with CKD.

Objective To explore the possibility of rhabdomyolysis and related organ damage in new recruits training in high temperature and high humidity environment by comparing the effects of different training environments on the laboratory indicators and electrocardiogram.Methods A total of 250 new recruits from a unit in Beijing and another 250 ones from a unit in Hainan were recruited and assigned into conventional environment group and high temperature and high humidity environment group,respectively.All of them were male,with an average age of 21.36±2.59 years.Before and in 4 weeks after training in the same subjects,their general information,blood and urine indicators,and electrocardiogram were collected.All data were statistically analyzed.Results The incidences of inflammatory reaction,myocardial injury,muscle injury,liver injury,and kidney injury were 45.76％,3.39％,12.71％,25.42％,and 12.71％,respectively,in the high temperature and high humidity environment group,which were all significantly higher than those in the conventional environment group(P＜0.05).The former group had an incidence rate of 6.78％,5.93％,8.47％,6.78％,and 2.54％,respectively,in sinus bradycardia,atrial premature beats,unspecific ST-T changes,left ventricular hypertension and short PR interval,and all of the rates were higher than those of the conventional environment group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidences of inflammatory reaction,myocardial injury,muscle injury,liver injury,kidney injury,and ECG abnormalities are more common in new recruits after military training in high temperature and high humidity environment.

Fear memory contextualization is critical for selecting adaptive behavior to survive. Contextual fear conditioning (CFC) is a classical model for elucidating related underlying neuronal circuits. The primary visual cortex (V1) is the primary cortical region for contextual visual inputs, but its role in CFC is poorly understood. Here, our experiments demonstrated that bilateral inactivation of V1 in mice impaired CFC retrieval, and both CFC learning and extinction increased the turnover rate of axonal boutons in V1. The frequency of neuronal Ca²⁺ activity decreased after CFC learning, while CFC extinction reversed the decrease and raised it to the naïve level. Contrary to control mice, the frequency of neuronal Ca²⁺ activity increased after CFC learning in microglia-depleted mice and was maintained after CFC extinction, indicating that microglial depletion alters CFC learning and the frequency response pattern of extinction-induced Ca²⁺ activity. These findings reveal a critical role of microglia in neocortical information processing in V1, and suggest potential approaches for cellular-based manipulation of acquired fear memory.
Mice ; Animals ; Primary Visual Cortex ; Extinction, Psychological/physiology* ; Learning/physiology* ; Fear/physiology* ; Hippocampus/physiology*

ObjectiveIn the treatment of acute gouty arthritis （AGA）， western medicine is mostly used for anti-inflammatory and analgesic purposes to control the blood uric acid level， but some patients are still at risk of poor control and recurrent attacks. Chinese medicinal prescriptions， potent in resisting inflammation and relieving pain， are able to stabilize the blood uric acid level， reduce acute attacks， and improve the clinical efficacy of western medicine. However， there is a lack of evidence to support their use as evidence-based medicine. This study employed network Meta-analysis （NMA） to evaluate the efficacy and safety of common Chinese medicinal prescriptions in the treatment of AGA， aiming to provide evidence-based medical evidence for the clinical use of Chinese medicinal prescriptions in the treatment of AGA. MethodChinese and English databases were searched for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on Chinese medicinal prescriptions against AGA from database inception to December 1， 2022. Stata software and Review Manager were used for statistical analysis. ResultForty-four papers with 3 564 cases involved were included in the current NMA. In terms of reducing blood uric acid， the cumulative probability results showed that Mahuang Lianyao Chixiaodou Tang showed optimal efficacy （87.60%）. In terms of relieving joint pain， Danggui Niantongtang and Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang showed optimal efficacy （92.00% and 82.30%）. In terms of improving erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）， Simiaowan was superior to other prescriptions （87.00%）. In terms of reducing C-reactive protein （CRP）， Simiaowan and Baihutang modified with Guizhitang showed superior efficacy （76.00% and 66.10%）. In terms of safety， except for the basic treatment group， Mahuang Lianyao Chixiaodou Tang had the lowest probability of adverse events， and Danggui Niantongtang had the highest probability of adverse reactions during treatment. According to the results of cluster analysis， Mahuang Lianyao Chixiaodou Tang and Simiaowan are effective and safe. ConclusionAccording to the results of NMA， Chinese medicinal prescriptions can assist in the treatment of AGA and improve the effectiveness of western medicine. For patients with AGA， clinicians can choose Mahuang Lianyao Chixiaodou Tang or Simiaowan as an auxiliary drug for routine western medicine treatment.

The aim of the present study is to explore the association between abdominal obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) through a systematic review of published studies. Databases including Wanfang data, CNKI, VIP, CBM, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of science and Embase were searched up to July 2021 to collect longitudinal studies published in Chinese and English on the association between abdominal obesity and CKD. In order to avoid omission, reference lists of related articles were also checked manually. After literature selection, data were extracted and study quality was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analysis of this study was conducted using Stata 11.0 software. Finally, five studies were included in this study. The results showed that abdominal obesity defined by waist circumference was not associated with CKD (OR=1.17,95% CI:0.93-1.48). According to the results of subgroup analyses, whether adjusted body mass index might be part of the reason of heterogeneity. Based on results of this study, the association between abdominal obesity defined by waist hip ratio and CKD, as well as the association between abdominal obesity and CKD in different genders, remains unknown. In conclusion, abdominal obesity might not be associated with incident CKD. However, more studies are needed in the future to explore this association.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of resveratrol (RES) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in light of network pharmacology. METHODS: We searched PubChem, BATMAN-TCM, Genecards, AD, TTD, String 11.0, AlzData, SwissTargetPrediction, Metascape and other databases for the therapeutic targets of RES and human AD-related targets. The intersection was determined using Venny 2.1 to obtain the therapeutic targets of RES for AD. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, the gene ontology (GO) was enriched and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG pathway) were analyzed. Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to construct a target-signaling pathway network of RES in the treatment of AD. Molecular docking verification was carried out on SwissDock (http://www.swissdock.ch/docking). We examined a 293Tau cell model of AD for changes in protein levels of pS396, pS199, Tau5, CDK5, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and p-GSK3β in response to RES treatment using Western blotting. RESULTS: We obtained 182 targets of RES, 525 targets related to AD, and 36 targets of RES for AD treatment, among which 34.6% of the targets were protein-modifying enzymes, 27.7% were metabolite invertase, 13.8% were gene-specific transcriptional regulators, and 10.3% were transporters. The core key targets of RES in the treatment of AD included INS, APP, ESR1, MMP9, IGF1R, CACNA1C, MAPT (microtubule- associated protein Tau), MMP2, TGFB1 and GSK3B. Enrichment analysis of GO biological process suggested that the biological function of RES in AD treatment mainly involved the response to β-amyloid protein, positive regulation of transferase activity, the transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, regulation of behavior, learning or memory, aging, and transmembrane transport. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the most significantly enriched signaling pathways were AD pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that RES had strong binding with ESR1, GSK3B, MMP9, IGF1R, APP and INS. In the cell model of AD, treatment with 50 μmol/L RES for 12 h significantly reduced the levels of pS396 and pS199 by regulating CDK5 and GSK3β activity ( CONCLUSIONS RES produces therapeutic effects on AD by acting on multiple targets and affecting multiple signaling pathways and improves AD-associated pathologies
Alzheimer Disease/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Resveratrol/pharmacology*

Objective:To discuss the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 68 cases of pelvic lipomatosis confirmed by operation or imaging in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2018 was made to summarize the characteristics of ultrasonic manifestations.Results:Ultrasonographic findings were as follows: 6 cases (8.8%) had increased fat-like hyperecho in pelvic cavity; 60 cases (88.2%) had abnormal bladder; 42 cases (61.7%) had pyelectasis and 24 cases (35.3%) had ureterectasis. Of the 68 cases, 6 cases (8.8%) were correctly diagnosed; 54 cases (79.4%) were missed; 8 cases (11.8%) were misdiagnosed, including 7 cases (10.3%) of bladder tumor and 1 case (1.5%) of retroperitoneal giant mass.Conclusions:Pelvic lipomatosis has characteristic sonographic features.When urinary tract obstruction and bladder wall thickening are observed, pelvic lipomatosis should be considered. Bladder shape and existence of increasing fat-like hyperecho in the pelvis should be further scanned to reduce the misdiagnosis rate of pelvic lipomatosis.

Objective To evaluate early skeletal muscle myopathy with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS) in diabetic rabbits . Methods Alloxan ( 100 mg/kg ) was given intravenously to 11 New Zealand w hite rabbits . Another 5 age‐matched normal rabbits were used as controls .CEUS was performed at baseline and 1 ,2 ,3 months after the establishment of diabetes ,respectively . T hen ,skeletal muscle samples were obtained for pathological observation . Additionally ,the diabetic rabbits were divided into 3 groups according to their pathologic findings : mild , moderate , and severe myopathy group . M icro‐perfusion parameters ,including artery‐to‐vein transit time ( A‐VT T ) ,muscle tissue mean transit time ( M‐M T T ) and muscle tissue peak intensity ( M‐PI) were calculated . Results T he diabetic rabbits exhibited a lower body weight increase and a decrease of muscle thickness .Plasma levels of triglyceride ,cholesterol and creatinine were significantly higher in diabetic group than those in control group ( P ＜0 .05) . T he A‐V T T and M‐M T T values of the diabetic rabbits significantly increased over time ( all P ＜ 0 .05 ) ,whereas M‐PI value significantly decreased compared with that in control group ( P ＝ 0 .013 ) . Besides ,the A‐V T T value was significantly higher in severe myopathy group than that in mild group ( P ＝0 .001) . T he M‐M T T values in both moderate and severe groups were significantly higher w hen compared to that in mild group ( all P ＜0 .05) . T he A‐VT T and M‐M T T values were correlated with the severity of diabetic myopathy( e＝0 .898 , P ＜0 .001 ;e＝ 0 .527 , P ＝ 0 .01 ) . Conclusions Diabetic rabbits have defective skeletal muscle micro‐ perfusion in the early stage . CEUS can quantify impaire muscle microcirculation ,and is a valuable tool for assessment of diabetic myopathy .

Objective: To investigate the expression of Flotillin-2 (Flot-2) protein in gastric cancer tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Methods: 112 samples of gastric cancer tissue and the corresponding paracancerous tissue that resected at the gastrointestinal surgery department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between January 2009 andApril 2010 were collected for this study. The expression of Flot-2 protein in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The survival data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank test, and the survival curve was plotted. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between Flot-2 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of GC patients. Results: In gastric cancer tissues, Flot-2 was primary stained in cytoplasm. Level of Flot-2 was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with that in paracancerous tissues (53.57% vs 46.43%, P<0.05). Expression of Flot-2 in tumor tissues was significantly associated with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and AJCC stage (all P<0.01), but not with gender, age, differentiation degree and tumor location (P>0.05). Moreover, survival analysis showed that the overall survival of patients with low Flot-2 expression was significantly higher than that of the patients with high level (P<0.01). Cox regression analysis indicated that distant metastasis, AJCC stage and Flot-2 expression were the independent risk factors for the prognosis of GC patients. Conclusion: Flot-2 protein was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and closely correlated with the poor prognosis of GC patients; Flot-2 is an independent risk factor for GC prognosis and may be served as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.