Abnormal activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL）. In recent years， inhibitors targeting JAK2 and STAT3 have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates in DLBCL. This review summarizes the efficacy and safety profiles of JAK2 inhibitors （e.g.， ruxolitinib） and STAT3 inhibitors （direct small-molecule inhibitors， the antisense oligonucleotide， and proteolysis targeting chimeras， etc.） in preclinical models and clinical trials. Accumulating evidence indicates that JAK2 and STAT3 inhibitors exhibit antitumor activity and are generally well tolerated in a subset of DLBCL patients. Meanwhile， the development of novel drug delivery systems has significantly enhanced the stability， bioavailability， and targeting ability of the compounds. Furthermore， JAK2 and STAT3 inhibitors may exhibit synergistic effects when combined with other therapy strategies （such as combinations with B-cell receptor signaling pathway inhibitors， immunomodulators， or other targeted drugs）. However， current clinical applications are still in their early stages. Future research should concentrate on precision treatment strategies based on the genetic subtyping of DLBCL， and further refine the delivery systems for inhibitors as well as combination drug regimens to improve clinical outcomes.

Background In recent years, the National Health Commission of China organized surveys on the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge among Chinese adults aged 18 to 64. Shanghai, as a core sample with benchmark significance in terms of economic level, geographical location, and population structure, still lacks sufficient real-time and effective research data. Objective To estimate the awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge of Shanghai residents aged 18-64 in Shanghai from 2022 to 2023, identify shortcomings in nutritional health knowledge and potential influencing factors to clarify the core issues that need to be addressed urgently. Methods According to the questionnaire and scoring standard designed by the National Institute of Nutrition and Health of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, a stratified random sampling strategy was employed by urban/rural areas, regions, age, and gender and considering invalid questionnaires and refusal rates. Therefore, 1680 residents were selected in 4 survey sites in Shanghai. The survey subjects were grouped according to gender, marital status, age, education level, and occupation. t-test or analysis of variance was used to compare the average scores of nutritional health knowledge among different groups of respondents; chi-square test was used to analyze the awareness rate of nutritional health knowledge among respondents in different groups; and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The nutrition and health knowledge score among Shanghai residents aged 18–64 was 73.45 ± 11.51, with an awareness rate of 53.14%. The food characteristics category had the lowest correct response rate at 66.39%. The mean scores of different genders were significantly different (t=−2.12, P=0.034), and the female group had higher scores than the male group. Significant differences in average scores and awareness rates were observed among age (F=10.95, P < 0.001; χ²=24.62, P < 0.001), educational level (F=46.01, P < 0.001; χ²=119.34, P < 0.001) , and industry groups (F=10.97, P < 0.001; χ²=56.30, P < 0.001). The logistic model showed that better knowledge awareness of nutrition and health in residents with high school, technical school, and above education (OR=1.959−3.622) than those with primary education or below; and worse in argo-food processing industry; manufacturing industry; agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery; and other occupational residents than those in medical and health institutions (OR=0.458-0.504). Conclusion At present, residents’ understanding of food characteristics is particularly weak. Education level and occupation are the key factors influencing residents’ awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge. Targeted and effective measures should be taken to improve the nutritional quality of residents.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure is an acute decompensated syndrome that occurs on the basis of chronic liver disease and is characterized by a high short-term mortality rate. Metabolomics reveals the presence of significant energy metabolic reprogramming， manifesting as extensive dysregulation of glucose/lipid/amino acid metabolism， mitochondrial metabolism， and intestinal flora， and it closely interacts with systemic inflammation and immune imbalance， jointly promoting disease progression. The core metabolic phenotypes include suppressed gluconeogenesis， enhanced glycolysis， impaired β-oxidation， inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation， ammonia metabolic imbalance， and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This article analyzes the latest studies on metabolomic and molecular mechanisms and systematically reviews the dysregulation characteristics of the five major metabolic networks. In terms of intervention for energy metabolism， this article summarizes the five strategies of glucose metabolism regulation， lipid metabolism intervention， mitochondria-targeted protection， gut microbiota rebalancing， and amino-acid optimization and assesses their application value and prospects for clinical translation， so as to provide a scientific basis for the treatment， alleviation， and even reversal of disease progression.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the overall dietary intake of adult residents in Sijing Town, Songjiang District, Shanghai, and to explore the association between dietary health literacy and diet quality. MethodsA total of 1 280 adult residents were selected as the research subjects using a multi-stage sampling method, and face-to-face questionnaire surveys were administered on site. Dietary intake data were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the overall diet quality of the participants was evaluated based on the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI). Participants were divided into low- and high-CHEI groups according to the median CHEI score. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between dietary health literacy and diet quality. ResultsThe median CHEI score for adults in the area was 63.68 points. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that adults with lower dietary health literacy had lower CHEI scores and poorer overall diet quality compared to those with higher dietary health literacy (OR=1.435, 95%CI:1.132‒1.819). ConclusionThe overall diet quality of adult residents in this region requires improvement. There is a significant positive correlation between the level of dietary health literacy and CHEI scores, suggesting that enhancing dietary health literacy may be an important strategy to improve resident’ dietary quality.

BACKGROUND:After total knee arthroplasty,patients may experience significant pain,which has negative effects on functional recovery.Exploring and seeking effective means of analgesia has important clinical value.OBJECTIVE:To explore an effective perioperative analgesic strategy for total knee arthroplasty patients,we first proposed a novel local infiltration anesthetic formulation consisting of morphine,flurbiprofen,and compound betamethasone,and we explored its efficacy and safety.METHODS:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 60 patients who underwent unilateral total knee arthroplasty at First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2023 to April 2024.Based on whether local anesthesia was used during surgery,the patients were divided into the control and study groups,each consisting of 30 cases.In the study group,the local infiltration anesthesia mixture consisting of morphine,flurbiprofen,and compound betamethasone was injected into the joint cavity around the knee during surgery.No analgesic drugs were used in the control group as a blank control.We recorded and compared the postoperative visual analog scale pain scores,knee range of motion,knee function score,degree of postoperative knee edema,and incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups at different time points.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the visual analog scale pain score in the study group was lower at 6,12,and 24 hours after operation,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.367,-2.906,-4.199,P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the pain visual analog scale score between the two groups at 48 and 72 hours after operation(Z=-1.287,-1.478,P＞0.05).(2)The postoperative knee range of motion and knee function score of the study group were better than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=-2.519,-8.027,P＜0.05).(3)The degree of knee joint swelling in the study group was also lighter than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.818,P＜0.05).(4)In the early postoperative period,there was no significant difference in fever between the two groups(P＞0.05).There was no poor wound healing or periprosthetic infection in the two groups.(5)The results show that applying local infiltration anesthesia composed of morphine,flurbiprofen axetil,and compound betamethasone in total knee arthroplasty can relieve early postoperative pain and show high safety.However,prospective studies with large samples are still needed to provide data support.

BACKGROUND:After total knee arthroplasty,patients may experience significant pain,which has negative effects on functional recovery.Exploring and seeking effective means of analgesia has important clinical value.OBJECTIVE:To explore an effective perioperative analgesic strategy for total knee arthroplasty patients,we first proposed a novel local infiltration anesthetic formulation consisting of morphine,flurbiprofen,and compound betamethasone,and we explored its efficacy and safety.METHODS:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 60 patients who underwent unilateral total knee arthroplasty at First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2023 to April 2024.Based on whether local anesthesia was used during surgery,the patients were divided into the control and study groups,each consisting of 30 cases.In the study group,the local infiltration anesthesia mixture consisting of morphine,flurbiprofen,and compound betamethasone was injected into the joint cavity around the knee during surgery.No analgesic drugs were used in the control group as a blank control.We recorded and compared the postoperative visual analog scale pain scores,knee range of motion,knee function score,degree of postoperative knee edema,and incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups at different time points.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the visual analog scale pain score in the study group was lower at 6,12,and 24 hours after operation,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.367,-2.906,-4.199,P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the pain visual analog scale score between the two groups at 48 and 72 hours after operation(Z=-1.287,-1.478,P＞0.05).(2)The postoperative knee range of motion and knee function score of the study group were better than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=-2.519,-8.027,P＜0.05).(3)The degree of knee joint swelling in the study group was also lighter than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.818,P＜0.05).(4)In the early postoperative period,there was no significant difference in fever between the two groups(P＞0.05).There was no poor wound healing or periprosthetic infection in the two groups.(5)The results show that applying local infiltration anesthesia composed of morphine,flurbiprofen axetil,and compound betamethasone in total knee arthroplasty can relieve early postoperative pain and show high safety.However,prospective studies with large samples are still needed to provide data support.

BACKGROUND:The use of vancomycin in total knee arthroplasty is a controversial strategy for the prevention of incisional infection.At present,there is little evidence to evaluate the efficacy of this preventive measure in China. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of local vancomycin in the prevention of early postoperative incision infection during total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:120 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who received unilateral total knee arthroplasty for the first time at Department of Joint Surgery of First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from March to June 2022 were included in this study.They were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 60 cases in each group.All patients gave informed consent to the treatment plan.In the observation group,1 g of vancomycin was applied intraoperatively;in the control group,no vancomycin was applied intraoperatively.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C-reactive protein,fever rate on seven consecutive days after surgery,degree of knee joint swelling,cumulative drainage volume,and incidence of periprosthetic joint infection were recorded in two groups of patients on days 1,3,and 5 after surgery so as to evaluate the efficacy of topical vancomycin in total knee arthroplasty for the prevention of incision infection in the early postoperative period. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The differences in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein between the two groups on days 1,3,and 5 after surgery were not significant(P>0.05).(2)The difference in fever rate between the two groups for 7 consecutive days after surgery was not significant(P>0.05).(3)There was no significant difference in the degree of postoperative knee swelling and cumulative drainage flow between the two groups(P>0.05).(4)The difference in the incidence of periprosthetic joint infection one year after surgery was not significant between the two groups(P>0.05).(5)The results suggest that the local use of vancomycin in total knee arthroplasty has not shown significant efficacy in preventing incision infection in the early postoperative period.

Objective To analyze the distribution bio-relationship of loci related antihypertensive drug efficacy in patients with essential hypertension(EH)in Guiyang region to support the development of clinical guidance for in-dividualized medication of hypertension patients in this region.Methods A total of 406 EH patients who visited the Cardiology Department of Guiyang Hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were collected as the study sub-jects and ligase sequencing method was applied to detect 7 gene loci of antihypertensive drugs.The distribution of gene loci in EH patients of different genders and from different geographic regions was evaluated.Results The mu-tation frequencies of the seven genes,CYP2D6*10(c.100 C＞T),CYP2C9*3(c.1075 A＞C),ADRB1(c.1165 G＞C),AGTR1(c.1166 A＞C),ACE(I/D),NPPA(T2238C)and CYP3A5*3(A6986G)were 47.29%,5.91%,73.15%,6.65%,34.24%,0.49%,and 69.70%respectively;There was no significant difference in distribution frequency of hypertension drug related gene polymorphisms among different genders.Conclusions The distribution frequency of alleles in 7 antihypertensive drug efficacy related loci is not related to gender of patients.EH patients in Guiyang region are more sensitive to β-blockers and calcium antagonists,but less sensitive to other types of antihypertensive drugs.Therefore,the dose administered should be adjusted appropriately when using β-blockers and calcium antagonists.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of the methionine synthase reductase （MTRR） rs10380 C＞T gene polymorphism on methotrexate （MTX） plasma concentration， adverse drug reaction， and prognosis in children with intracranial tumors. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from children with intracranial tumors， and genomic DNA was extracted. The MTRR rs10380 C＞T genotype was analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. The association of the MTRR rs10380 C＞T gene polymorphism with the ratio of MTX plasma concentration to dose （C/D ratio）， adverse drug reaction， tumor recurrence， and metastasis was analyzed. Bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the association of the rs10380 genotype and MTRR gene expression and its possible mechanisms. RESULTS A total of 75 children were included in the study. The distribution frequencies of the wild-type CC genotype and C allele of rs10380 were 62.67% and 81.33%， respectively， while the distribution frequencies of the variant CT genotype and T allele were 37.33% and 18.67%， respectively， which were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P＞0.05）. The incidence of electrolyte disorders （51.06%） and tumor metastasis rate （57.45%） in children with the CC genotype were significantly higher than those with the CT genotype （P＜0.05）. No significant differences were observed in the 24-hour and 42-hour C/D ratios and recurrence rates between the two genotypes of children （P＞0.05）. Bioinformatics analysis showed that MTRR protein mainly works in conjunction with 10 proteins， including MMAA， and was involved in various biological processes such as sulfur amino acid biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS The MTRR rs10380 CC genotype may be a risk factor for electrolyte disorders and tumor metastasis in children with intracranial tumors after MTX chemotherapy.

With the rapid progress of industrialization and commercialization, the sales and population intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are constantly increasing globally. High UPFs intake is associated with various health issues. This article provided a brief overview of various health outcomes and explored the possible causes for the health impacts of UPFs consumption from the perspectives of processing and production. The review found that high UPFs intake increased the risks of adult overweight/ obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer mortality, and anxiety disorders; maternal preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and gestational diabetes; childhood and adolescent overweight/ obesity. High UPFs intake also affected embryonic development and offspring language development. The possible explanations for the negative health outcomes associated with UPFs were as follows. The convenience and increased accessibility of UPFs affect the dietary structure of the population. The combined exposure to refined carbohydrates and fats added to UPFs increases the desire and motivation for more energy intake. The complex processing process leads to the loss of dietary fibers and micronutrients, affecting human satiety, digestion rate, chewing duration, and producing toxic compounds such as furan, heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and acrolein. The introduction of more types and higher doses of food additives and the migration of exogenous pollutants from packaging materials to food pose potential health and safety risks. At present, there is little research on the relationship between UPFs and human health in China. Based on the known health risks of UPFs, more in-depth research is needed in order to better understand the relationship between UPFs and human health.