Cognitive impairment is the most common non-motor symptom with the highest disability rate in patients with Parkinson disease(PD).PD patients often experience cognitive impairment and frailty with the increase in age and the progression of the disease,which can seriously affect their quality of life.However,the research on the association be-tween PD cognitive impairment(PD-CI)and frailty is still in the exploratory stage.This study reviews the association be-tween PD-CI and frailty,in order to enhance the understanding of clinical healthcare workers,provide early intervention opportunities for PD-CI patients,delay their progression to PD dementia,and improve their quality of life.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignant tumor often leading to liver metastasis and mortality. Despite some success with PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, the response rate for colon cancer patients remains relatively low. This is closely related to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment mediated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Our previous work identified that a phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) allosteric inhibitor, HKB99, exerts a range of anti-tumor activities in lung cancer. Here, we found that upregulation of PGAM1 correlates with increased levels of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in human colon cancer samples, particularly in liver metastatic tissues. HKB99 suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in cell culture and syngeneic tumor models. M2-polarization, induced by colon cancer cell co-culture, was reversed by HKB99. Conversely, the increased migration of colon cancer cells by M2-TAMs was remarkably restrained by HKB99. Notably, a decrease in TAM infiltration was required for the HKB99-mediated anti-tumor effect, along with an increase in CD8⁺ T cell infiltration. Moreover, HKB99 improved the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment in syngeneic tumors. Overall, this study highlights HKB99's inhibitory activity in TAM-mediated colon cancer progression. Targeting PGAM1 could lead to novel therapeutic strategies and enhance the effectiveness of existing immunotherapies for colon cancer.

Objective: The clinical experience of treatment in 38 patients of Reinke′s edema by surgery of minimally invasive was reported from June 1997 to December 2000. Methods: Thirty-eight patients (25 males and 13 females, ranging in age from 46 to 67 years old) with Reinke′s edema of vocal cord were diagnosed by frequency-flash-laryngoscope and pathologic. The bilateral vocal cord stripping surgery with micro-suspension laryngoscope under general anaesthesia was completed in all 38 patients. Results: After treatment 3 months to 1 year follow-up in 33 cases, 27 cases(81.8%) had acquired good voice and only 6 cases (18.2%) had acquired lower tone voice. Conclusion: None of them had vocal cord adhesive with bilateral vocal cord mucous stripping operation which remained anterior 1/2 parts of vocal cord mucous on one side.

AIM:To investigate pharmacokinetics of cinnamon acid and paeonol in Jinkui Shenqi Pill(Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata,Cortex Cinnamomi,Radix Aconiti Lateralis praeparata,Rhizoma Alismatis,etc.)in rabbit.METHODS:RP-HPLC was used to examine blood concentration of cinnamon acid and paeonol in rabbit which was administred Jinkui Shenqi Pill.Chromatographic condition consisted of Symmetry C_ 18(5?m,3.9 mm ?150 mm)chromato graphic column,mobile phase(methanol-1%glacial acetic acid water-solution(45∶55)),flow rate(0.8 mL/min),column temperature(35 ℃),detection wavelength of cinnamon acid(285 nm),detection wave length of paeonol(274 nm).The serum pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3p87 program.RESULTS:Linear range of cinnamon acid ranged from 0.06 ?g/mL to 15 ?g/mL(r=0.999 7),the lowest detectability was 0.054 ?g/mL.Pharmacokinetic process of paeonol in rabbit could be fitted to two-compartment model;Linear range of paeonol ranged from 0.2 ?g/mL to 10 ?g/mL(r=0.999 9),the lowest detectability was 0.02 ?g/mL.Pharmacokinetic process of cinnamon acid in rabbit could be fitted to one-compartment model.CONCLUSION:HPLC detection of serum concentration of cinnamon acid and paeonol is simple,rapid,highly accurate and sensitive.Pharmacokinetic parameters can reveal pharmacokinetics of cinnamon acid and paeonol of Jinkui Shenqi Pill in rabbit.