BACKGROUND:Irisin plays a crucial role in the physiological regulation of the body,advancing the browning process of white adipose tissue cells and exerting significant effects on the regulation of energy metabolism,thermogenesis,reduction of oxidative stress,and body mass loss.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the latest research progress in irisin and related diseases.METHODS:A computerized search of PubMed,MedReading,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang,and VIP was performed to collect studies on the effect of irisin on relevant diseases.The search time was from January 1,2011 to April 13,2024.The search terms were"irisin,physical exercise,FNDC5,disease"in Chinese and English.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,71 papers were finally included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Irisin has important roles in anti-inflammation,fat metabolism,bone metabolism,brain health,cancer,diabetes,cardiovascular disease and kidney disease.Moreover,exercise can promote the expression of irisin,and different forms of exercises have different effects on irisin levels.Acute exercise,long-term exercise,resistance exercise and high-intensity exercise can all enhance irisin levels.The discovery of irisin provides a new potential basis for exercise therapy,which is a promising therapeutic target due to the multiple biological functions of irisin,and shows potential therapeutic value in the treatment of human metabolic diseases and their complications,obesity,and cancer.Irisin has a promising application as a potential target for the treatment of obesity,cognitive function,cardiovascular,cancer and other diseases in clinical practice.However,its specific mechanism of action still needs to be studied in depth,and there may be side effects.In the future,an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of irisin is needed to provide a more adequate basis for the treatment of obesity,cognitive dysfunction,cardiovascular disease,and cancer.

BACKGROUND:Irisin plays a crucial role in the physiological regulation of the body,advancing the browning process of white adipose tissue cells and exerting significant effects on the regulation of energy metabolism,thermogenesis,reduction of oxidative stress,and body mass loss.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the latest research progress in irisin and related diseases.METHODS:A computerized search of PubMed,MedReading,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang,and VIP was performed to collect studies on the effect of irisin on relevant diseases.The search time was from January 1,2011 to April 13,2024.The search terms were"irisin,physical exercise,FNDC5,disease"in Chinese and English.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,71 papers were finally included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Irisin has important roles in anti-inflammation,fat metabolism,bone metabolism,brain health,cancer,diabetes,cardiovascular disease and kidney disease.Moreover,exercise can promote the expression of irisin,and different forms of exercises have different effects on irisin levels.Acute exercise,long-term exercise,resistance exercise and high-intensity exercise can all enhance irisin levels.The discovery of irisin provides a new potential basis for exercise therapy,which is a promising therapeutic target due to the multiple biological functions of irisin,and shows potential therapeutic value in the treatment of human metabolic diseases and their complications,obesity,and cancer.Irisin has a promising application as a potential target for the treatment of obesity,cognitive function,cardiovascular,cancer and other diseases in clinical practice.However,its specific mechanism of action still needs to be studied in depth,and there may be side effects.In the future,an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of irisin is needed to provide a more adequate basis for the treatment of obesity,cognitive dysfunction,cardiovascular disease,and cancer.

Objective:To evaluate early left ventricular myocardial work in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) by pressure-strain loops (PSL).Methods:From September 2020 to April 2021, 70 MS patients in the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao Affiliated to Hebei Medical University without left ventricular remodeling were selected as MS group and 65 normal controls as control group, PSL was used to obtain the myocardial power parameters, including global work index (GWI), global work efficiency (GWE), global constructive work (GCW) and global wasted work (GWW). The changes of the parameters were compared between the two groups and their correlations with biochemical parameters were performed in MS group.Results:The left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), GWI, GCW and GWE in MS group were lower than those in normal group, while GWW was higher than that in normal group ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that GWI was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ( r=0.194, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG) and GLS ( r=-0.257, -0.452, -0.239, -0.193, -0.758, all P<0.05). GWE was negatively correlated with SBP, DBP, WC, Glu, TG and GLS ( r=-0.360, -0.269, -0.326, -0.352, -0.265, -0.663, all P<0.01), and positively correlated with HDL-C ( r=0.201, P<0.05). GCW was negatively correlated with WC and GLS ( r=-0.299, -0.737; all P<0.001). GWW was positively correlated with SBP, DBP, WC, Glu, TG and GLS ( r=0.435, 0.308, 0.413, 0.547, 0.272, 0.400, all P<0.01), and negatively correlated with HDL-C ( r=-0.336, P<0.001). Conclusions:PSL can quantitatively evaluate the changes of early myocardial work in MS patients with good repeatability and has certain clinical value.

The rapid screening of tumor markers is a challenging task for early diagnosis of cancer. This study aims to use highly sensitive chemiluminescent protein microarray technology to efficiently screen a variety of low abundance tumor related markers. A new material, termed integrated polydimethylsiloxane modified silica gel (iPDMS), was obtained by adding a surface polymerization initiator with olefin end to the conventional polydimethylsiloxane, and fixing into the three-dimensional structure of polydimethylsiloxane by thermal crosslinking through silicon hydrogen bonding. In order to make the iPDMS material resistant to non-specific protein adsorption, a poly(OEGMA) polymer brush was synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization at the active initiation site. Finally, 20 tumor-related antigens were printed into the specific areas of the microarray by high-throughput spray printing technology, and assembled into 48-well detection microtiterplates of the iPDMS microarray. It was found the VEGFR and VEGF121 autoantibodies that obtained from 8 common tumors (breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, leukemia, lymphoma and ovarian cancer) can be used as potential tumor markers. The chemiluminescence labeled iPDMS protein microarray can be used for the screening of tumor autoantibodies at early stage.
Adsorption ; Autoantibodies ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Protein Array Analysis ; Silica Gel ; Surface Properties

Objective:To understand the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of glaucoma among people over 40 years old in rural areas of Chongqing.Methods:From August to October 2018, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the cases of glaucoma among people over 40 years old in a rural population of the Rongchang and Qijiang Districts in Chongqing.The subjects had been living in the local area for over ten years.Basic information for each patient, including gender and age was documented, and their visual acuity and intraocular pressure were routinely measured.The Van Herick method was used to evaluate the depth of the central and peripheral anterior chamber, a preset lens was used to examine the fundus, and the cup to disc ratio(C/D) of the optic disc was emphasized.All suspected glaucoma patients underwent further standard glaucoma examinations.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University.Results:A total of 4 680 people were identified, and 4 073 respondents participated in the survey, and the response rate was 87%.The prevalence of glaucoma was 1.72% (70/4 073). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) between different genders ( χ2=0.042, P=0.837; χ2=2.838, P=0.092). The prevalence of glaucoma in people over 70 years old was 2.5%, significantly higher than that in other age groups.In patients with glaucoma, the rate of visual impairment was 68.57%(48/70), and the rate of blindness was 47.14%(33/70). There was no significant difference in the incidence of low vision between different types of glaucoma ( χ2=2.785, P=0.248), but there was a significant difference in the rate of blindness ( χ2=10.668, P=0.005). The highest rate of blindness was found in secondary glaucoma.The detection rate of intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth and C/D was statistically significant ( χ2=43.325, P<0.001), and the positive rate of C/D was the highest.When the factors of intraocular pressure, and C/D were considered jointly, the detection rate of glaucoma could be increased to 55.88%. Conclusions:The prevalence of glaucoma is 1.72% among people over 40 years old in rural areas of Chongqing, the prevalence of PACG is lower than previously recorded, but the proportion of glaucoma-induced visual impairment is higher.In field screening, the morphological examination of the fundus optic nerve is very important for the diagnosis of glaucoma.

BACKGROUNDLowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only therapeutic approach in primary open-angle glaucoma. and the fixed-combination medications are needed to achieve sufficiently low target IOP. A multicenter prospective study in the Chinese population was needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of Bimatoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination Eye Drop in China. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of Bimatoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination with concurrent administration of its components in Chinese patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

METHODSIn this multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel controlled study, patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who were insufficiently responsive to monotherapy with either topical β-blockers or prostaglandin analogues were randomized to one of two active treatment groups in a 1:1 ratio at 11 Chinese ophthalmic departments. Bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination treatment was a fixed combination of 0.03% bimatoprost and 0.5% timolol (followed by vehicle for masking) once daily at 19:00 P.M. and concurrent treatment was 0.03% bimatoprost followed by 0.5% timolol once daily at 19:00 P.M. The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in mean diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) at week 4 visit in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Primary analysis evaluated the non-inferiority of bimatoprost/ timolol fixed combination to concurrent with respect to the primary variable using a confidence interval (CI) approach. Bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination was to be considered non-inferior to concurrent if the upper limit of the 95% CI for the between-treatment (bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination minus concurrent) difference was ≤ 1.5 mmHg. Adverse events were collected and slit-lamp examinations were performed to assess safety. Between-group comparisons of the incidence of adverse events were performed using the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.

RESULTSOf the enrolled 235 patients, 121 patients were randomized to receive bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination and, 114 patients were randomized to receive concurrent treatment. At baseline the mean value of mean diurnal IOP was (25.20 ± 3.06) mmHg in the bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination group and (24.87 ± 3.88) mmHg in the concurrent group. The difference between the treatment groups was not statistically significant. The mean change from baseline in mean diurnal IOP (± standard deviation) in the bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination group was (-9.38 ± 4.66) mmHg and it was (-8.93 ± 4.25) mmHg in the concurrent group (P < 0.01). The difference between the two treatment groups (bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination minus concurrent) in the change from baseline of mean diurnal IOP was -0.556 mmHg (95% CI: -1.68, 0.57, P = 0.330). The upper limit of the 95% CI was less than 1.5 mmHg, the predefined margin of non-inferiority. Adverse events occurred in 26.4% (32/121) of the bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination patients and 30.7% (35/114) of the concurrent patients. The most frequent adverse event was conjunctival hyperemia, which was reported as treatment related in 16.5% (20/121) in the bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination group and 18.4% (21/114) in the concurrent group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBimatoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination administered in Chinese patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension was not inferior to concurrent dosing with the individual components. Safety profiles were similar between the treatment groups.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amides ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bimatoprost ; Cloprostenol ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ocular Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Timolol ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of preformed orbital titanium mesh in the reconstruction of orbital fracture.

METHODTwenty-seven cases of blow-out orbital fracture were diagnosed in the period from January 2012 to July 2012, all with serious defect of the orbital wall and herniation of the orbital soft tissues. Preformed orbital titanium mesh was grafted to the traumatic orbital walls. Orbital axial and coronal CT and three-dimension CT scan examination were performed routinely in all cases preoperatively and postoperatively to evaluate the postoperative exophthalmos and orbital wall reconstruction.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up for 3 months. Orbital wall reconstruction was successfully performed in all cases without serious complications. The postoperative enophthalmos was less than 3 mm in 23 of the 27 cases.

CONCLUSIONPreformed orbital titanium mesh allows accurate reconstruction of orbital wall fracture.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbital Fractures ; surgery ; Prosthesis Design ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Surgical Mesh ; Titanium ; Young Adult

Objective According to the basic theory of Yin and Yang,acute urticaria should be treated with divergent medicine instead of convergence medicine.In order to prove the theory,we carry out the quantifiable and repeatability traditional Chinese medicine screening tests in acute urticaria patients,with double controls of experimental group (divergent Chinese medicine),control group (convergence Chinese medicine)end instrumental quality-control standard substance MEBE.Methods Germany MORA-Super bio-resonance instrument (medical mode) as adopted as objective index.32 cases of acute phase urticaria were selected and treated with divergent or convergence Chinese traditional medicine,to observe the results whether conform to traditional Chinese medicine basic theory of Yin and Yang (That is whether the acute phase urticaria should be treated with divergent Chinese medicine).Results Through the 32 cases repeat experiments,22 out of 23 kinds of Divergent Chinese medicine have been screened out in experimental group; while none has been screened out in 12 kinds of convergence Chinese medicine in control group.There was significant difference between two groups (P＜0.01).The result was entirely consistent with TCM basic theory of opposite relationship between yin and yang.The top five divergent Chinese medicines were divaricate saposhnikovia root,cicada slough,catnip,shrub chastetree rruit,and lily magnolia.Conclusion Treated acute urticaria with divergent Chinese medicine conforms to the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

ObjectiveTo analyze the changes of imaging and the efficacy of sympathetic cervical spondylosis before and after treatment and discuss the correlation of them.Methods Seventy-one sympathetic cervical spondylosis inpatients who examined by X-ray,CT,transcranial Doppler (TCD) or color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) were collected.After comprehensive treatment,the efficacy was evaluated according to the recovery of patients' symptoms,and the cases with imaging abnormalities were examined again.Then the correlation between the changes of imaging and the efficacy was analyzed.ResultsAfter treatment,all 71 cases,including 45 cases with excellent efficacy,18 cases with good effect and 8 cases turned effective,showed a fine rate 88.7％ (63/71) and an effective rate 100.0％ (71/71).The rechecked imaging results showed:in 36 lantoaxial subluxation cases by CT scanning,26 cases turned to be normal,6 cases were improved and 4 cases had finally no change; in 68 cases with abnormal X-ray imaging,67 cases were improved and 1 case had finally no change; in 38 cases with abnormal TCD results,24 cases turned to be normal,2 cases were improved,10 cases showed changes and 2 cases had finally no change;in 36 cases with abnormal cervical CDFI results,9 cases turned to be normal,10 cases were improved,15 cases showed changes and 2 cases had finally no change.The analysis of correlation between the changes of imaging and the efficacy showed:changes count by the value 0,r =0.388,t =3.500,P＜ 0.01 ; changes count by the value 0.5,t =0.361,t =3.211,P ＜0.01.ConclusionsThe efficacy of sympathetic cervicalspondylosis has positive correlation with the changes of imaging and the causes of this disease are complex.So complete and well inspection can help the syndrome differentiation treatment and confirm the efficacy.

Objective To investigate the prevalence,clinical traits and correlates of apathy in patients with Parkinson' s disease ( PD ).Methods Seventy-seven cases of PD patients and 40 health controls were recuited in the present study.Apathy was assessed using Lille Apathy Rating Scale(LARS) and related factors,such as motor function,cognition,depression,age,sex,education level,disease duration,levodopa equivalent doses (LED) and use of antipsychotic drugs were also evaluated.Four kinds of scales,Unified Parkinson' s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS),Hoehn-Yahr staging,Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) were employed to evaluate the motor function,cogniton and depression,respectively.Results The prevalence of apathy and depression in the 77 PD patients were 49.4％ ( 38/77 ) and 46.8％ (36/77),respectively.Of the 77 PD patients,11 cases had apathy without depression (14.3％ ); 9 cases had depression without apathy( 11.7％ ) and 27 cases had apathy combined with depression( 35.1％ ).Among the PD patients with apathy,the cognitive type is the most common one,accounting for 86.8％ (33/38).There were significant statistical differences in education level,UPDRS- Ⅱ/Ⅲ scores,Hoehn-Yahr staging,MoCA and HAMD scores between apathy ( n =38 ) and no-apathy(n =39) PD patients(t =2.309,-3.144,-4.000,-3.217,2.649,-3.909,all P＜0.05).According to the unifactoral Logistic regression analysis of apathy correlates,UPDRS-Ⅱ/Ⅲ scores,HoehnYahr staging and HAMD scores were the risk factors for apathy while education level and MoCA were the protective factors for apathy.In the multiple Logistic regression analysis,HAMD scores,UPDRS-Ⅱ scores and education level were included.Conclusions The prevalence of apathy in PD patients was significantly higher than healthy controls.Apathy could be present without depression in PD patients,and was associated with education level,motor dysfunction degree,cognitive impairment and depression severity.